Abstract: A switching regulator for achieving soft switching comprises a pilot switch in series with a diode, and a pilot inductor connected from the junction between the pilot switch and the diode to a tap on the main inductor. A bidirectional circuit operating as a buck or a boost regulator can be achieved by replacing all of the diodes with active switches and selectively activating certain of the switches.

Abstract: A switching current converter is connected in parallel with each controlled power switch in an electric circuit so that it is allowed to operate from the input voltage and transfer energy from input to output during the turn-on periods of the controlled power switch, whereby each power switch is allowed to be turned ON when a near-to-zero voltage is present across it. The switching converter serves as an active power switch stress relieving means, resulting in minimizing the switching loss in the power switch while providing the energy for operation of the power switch in a very efficient way.

Abstract: A constant-current source including a constant-current output circuit for supplying a constant current provided with one or more transistors with the bases biased with the same base potential, a first circuit which provides a first current signal for setting the strength of the constant current to be delivered from the constant-current output circuit, a second circuit which generates a second current signal and provides the same base potential in response to the second current signal, a third circuit which controls the second current signal to minimize any deviation of the second current signal from the first current signal, and a DC power supply for energizing at least the first, second and third circuits.

Abstract: A circuit wherein a current sensing device is incorporated in an AC input line. An AC output is taken from the output of said current sensing device and from an other AC input line. Circuitry including two bi-directional switching regulators (positive and negative) and two energy storage capacitors adds current to or subtracts current from the instantaneous output load current. The arrangement is such that the AC output is equal to the AC input with no regulation effect. Substantially one hundred percent efficiency results when very little power factor correction is required.

Abstract: A low voltage arrester works as a lightning arrester with high energy tolerance. With installation of the lightning arrester on power lines, telephone lines or other signal input lines, all electric apparatus connected to the lines are effectively protected against lightning surges including high energy surges caused by close thunderbolts. The lightning arrester includes two elements connected in parallel. One is a series circuit of a zinc oxide arrester and a non-inductive resistor, and the other element is a spark gap formed of brass electrodes. All the arrester elements are installed in one refractory porcelain case. In order to install the arrester in a limited space and to insure tolerance of high energy surges, the non-inductive resistor uses bifilarly or Ayston-Perry wound Nichrome wire.

Abstract: A current limit circuit for limiting current flow through a load circuit. The amount of current flowing in the circuit is sensed by a current sensing resistor. The circuit includes a P-channel field effect transistor and an NPN bipolar transistor. When current sensed by the resistor attains a current limit value, the field effect transistor is turned on and its output current is amplified by the NPN transistor. The emitter of the NPN transistor is connected to the gate of another P-channel field effect transistor which is connected to the load circuit.

Abstract: This invention discloses a constant voltage circuit including a bandgap circuit connected between a ground voltage and a source voltage, a transistor, the collector of which is connected to the collector of a negative feedback transistor for supplying a voltage of a base-emitter path to the other terminal of a resistor having one terminal connected to an output terminal of the bandgap circuit, and the base of which is connected to a voltage source free from variations in source voltage, and a resistor connected between the emitter of the transistor and the source voltage.

Abstract: There is disclosed an apparatus for detecting a short-circuit of a bi-polar d.c. transmission system in which one end of a neutral line is ground and the other end thereof is not ground. This short-circuit detecting apparatus is adapted to detect a short-circuit between d.c. transmission lines on conditions that a current flowing in the neutral line is below a predetermined value, that a ground current at the ground point of the neutral line is below a predetermined value, and that a difference between bi-polar current command values is above a predetermined value.

Abstract: A mobile vehicular apparatus for moving an operator around a three-dimensional aerial work location includes a mobile vehicle having a vehicle body, a boom upwardly extensibly and downwardly collapsibly mounted on the vehicle body, a platform mounted on a distal end of the boom, and a manipulator mounted on the distal end of the boom in electrically insulated relation to the platform. The platform and the manipulator are electrically insulated from each other, and hydraulically operated generators are disposed respectively on the platform and the manipulator for energizing respectively electric systems mounted thereon. The electric systems on the platform and the manipulator are interconnected by an optical fiber cable.

Abstract: A pulse-width-modulated, quasi-resonant, d.c. to d.c. converter that has an auxiliary switch that periodically kills the resonance.

Abstract: An adaptive feed forward control circuit and power supply for a television comprises a circuit for supplying energy from a source to a load, the load having energy requirements which vary in response to an input signal, for example a video signal. A feedback circuit generates a first correction signal indicative of a difference between an operating voltage or current level and a reference level. A neural network generates a second correction signal indicative of anticipated energy requirement variation by processing information in present values of the input signal. A control circuit, for example a pulse width modulating circuit, is responsive to the correction signals for controlling operation of the energy supplying circuit. The first and second correction signals are combined by a summing circuit. The neural network comprises a first signal adaptive circuit for the input signal and a second signal adaptive circuit for a processed version of the input signal.

Abstract: In a constant-voltage generating circuit wherein a first series circuit of PMOS transistors, a second series circuit of a PMOS transistor and an NMOS transistor and a third series circuit of PMOS transistors are connected between a power source line and a ground line, a capacitive element is connected between a common node of the PMOS transistors of the first series circuit and the ground line. In addition to this capacitive element, another capacitive element may be connected between the node and the power source line. Since the node is connected to gates of one of the PMOS transistors of the first series circuit and the PMOS transistor of the second series circuit, the capacitance at this node with respect to the power source line is large. Thus, when the power supply voltage fluctuates abruptly, the voltage at the first node also changes and thus the output voltage also changes.

Abstract: A voltage regulator for regulation of automotive electrical generators and battery system. A generator is coupled through a rectifier to a voltage regulator and a battery. The regulator is activated by a low voltage level stator signal from the generator. The activation voltage level is set to an improved initial activation time when the generator starts to charge the battery while maintaining tolerance to rectifier leakage current. A feedback is included in the regulator to lower power dissipation during regulation and protect the regulator during a voltage surge.

Abstract: A three-phase flat-top waveform generator which may be utilized in a pulse-width modulator. Transfer function means receive a three-phase input signal and produce therefrom a zero sequence signal. Under steady-state and balanced conditions, the zero sequence signal will generally have a fundamental frequency three times the frequency of the input signal. Summing means add the zero sequence signal to each phase of the input signal to produce the desired flat-top signal.

Abstract: A method for defining a pulse width modulation (PWM) waveform pattern to control the switching bridges in a power inverter system to produce a low harmonic content output voltage signal includes assigning a waiting factor to each harmonic produced by the switching bridges in the power inverter system. Harmonics reduced by the power inverter system are identified and other harmonics are selected to be reduced. The selected harmonics are represented one-for-one by a corresponding set of equations and the equations are solved by each of the switch points in the PWM waveform pattern. A program for finding the switch points is also presented.

Abstract: A circuit for producing a reference voltage, particularly for a voltage regulator, has a current source that produces the desired reference voltage across a string of components. The current source is controlled by a differential amplifier that receives inputs that vary with chip temperature. The differential amplifier increases the reference voltage when the chip temperature increases. When the voltage regulator is used with an FET memory, the increase in the regulator voltage with temperature helps to compensate for an increase in the rate that FET storage cells lose the charge that represents data.

Abstract: An integrated magnetic power converter for supplying power to a load includes a continuous magnetic structure having first and second legs and a magnetic path therebetween. Two transformers and two inductor devices are included on the core. The converter operates in four states determined by the state of two switches coupled to the transformer.

Abstract: The invention relates to high voltage surge arrestors which are installed in parallel with an electric apparatus to be protected from excessive high voltages, such as a high voltage power cable or a transformer. The arrestor consists of one or more annular bodies (9,19,32), through the hollow of which a high voltage conductor (3,31) is terminated. The arrestor may also be used with penetrators and transformer bushings.

Abstract: The invention is used in a voltage conversion bridge for use in converting an AC voltage to a DC voltage or inverting a DC voltage into an AC voltage. In a three-phase bridge having one of three reference phase voltages U.sub.A or U.sub.B or U.sub.C associated with each leg, one of the switches S1, S2 or S3 (or alternatively their complements S1*, S2* or S3*) conducts in the time intervals where the associated voltage U.sub.A, U.sub.B or U.sub.C has a higher (or alternatively, smaller) amplitude than the other two reference voltages, and during these times the blanking interval compensation loss is compensated.

Abstract: Each end of a power wiring is connected to a first or a second power supply circuit, respectively. These two power supply circuits are activated alternately allowing for some time-overlap. As a result, current flowing in the wiring changes its flowing direction alternately to prevent the degradation of the wiring due to the electro-migration phenomena.