Abstract: A composition for treatment of water and soils comprises components A. CaCO3, B. at least one compound selected from the group consisting of calcium salts, including CaCl2 and Ca(NO3)2, and inorganic magnesium compounds, C. at least one compound selected from the group consisting of NaHCO3 and KHCO3, wherein the components A and B are present in a molar ratio of from 0.1:1 to 1:1, and wherein the components B and C are present in a molar ratio of from 1:3 to 1:1.

Abstract: An apparatus for injection of a gas into aquifer is described. The apparatus includes a gas generator that generates gas such as ozone for injection into the aquifer. The apparatus includes a casing and a packer disposed through the casing. An air injection passageway disposed through the packer and coupled to the gas generator. A pump is disposed within the casing and have an inlet above the packer and an outlet below the packer. The casing has an outlet screen that has a pore size less than about 200 microns. The apparatus has a microporous diffuser coupled to the gas generator, said microporous diffuser including a body having a porous portion with a pore size less than about 200 microns.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for removing a group of species of metal ions from an aqueous solution to be purified which involves the steps for each species in succession of adjusting the pH of the aqueous solution to a value where hydroxide precipitates of said species in its highest valency state are insoluble, then passing the aqueous solution through an ion state modification cell to raise the valence of the respective species to its highest valency state thus causing the ion specie to form the insoluble hydroxide, then removing the precipitated hydroxide from the aqueous solution by appropriate steps of settling and press filtering. A magnetic field is imposed between the electrodes which improves the efficiency of the ion state modification step.

Abstract: Stable biocide formulations containing oxidizing bromine are provided for biofouling control in industrial water systems. The formulations contain at least one stable oxidizing bromine compound that is prepared from at least one oxidizing chemical reagent, at least one bromine source and at least one bromine or halogen stabilizer. The resulting products are a mixture of stable oxidizing bromine compounds that can be used as a biocide in an industrial water system.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method and an apparatus, of treating wastewater containing chemical substances, which comprises passing, into a continuous phase of water to be treated that has been formed by supplying raw water from an upper part of a tower, a supercritical fluid, from a lower part of the tower, to the upper part thereof, to bring the water to be treated and the supercritical fluid in countercurrent contact with each other, thereby separating the chemical substances from the water to be treated. These method and apparatus make it possible to treat wastewater containing chemical substances at a medium concentration, for which conventionally an effective physical or chemical treatment method is not found, efficiently without involvement of any secondary pollution.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing bacteria-free iodine-species-containing drinking water for farm animals under continuous dynamic water flow, comprising dissolving solid iodine into a first water flow to produce a saturated iodine species-containing aqueous solution at a pre-selected temperature; blending the saturated solution with a second water flow to produce a diluted iodine species bacterium-free aqueous solution; and providing the diluted solution as drinking water to the animals. Preferably, the iodine is dissolved in the first water flow to provide a saturated iodine species at a pre-selected temperature at a known concentration, which saturated solution is then blended into a mean water flow. The continuous flow of iodine species-containing water is fed to a farm animal drinking water distribution network with reduced risk of back-contamination by bacteria-containing water through the network.

Abstract: This clarification plant consists of a circulating reactor in a housing which has a treatment area and a sedimentation area and which is characterized by at least one gas-input element and at least one treatment element which interlock with each other; in the gas input element, the water to be purified is highly enriched with oxygen and subsequently undergoes strong turbulence in the treatment element. The gas input elements and the treatment elements are modularly constructed out of disk-shaped components so that the clarification plant can be scaled as desired. The main purification is done by means of biological reduction processes in micro-organisms which are specifically introduced or cultivated.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for a continuous or intermittent supply of ozonated fluid, particularly water, from a closed loop system for sanitation, consumption, and other purposes. A preferred embodiment of the apparatus aspect of the invention comprises an ozone generator, an ozone entraining system, and a closed loop water circuit. The closed loop circuit permits continuous recirculation and ozonation of fluid not drawn from the system for use. Optionally the apparatus provides for the removal of an arbitrary fraction of ozonized or ozonated water to any arbitrary service application, such as food- or medical-equipment sterilization, with simultaneous addition of makeup water to maintain a relatively constant mass balance in the overall system, so that ozonized water is continuously available. Unused water is stored indefinitely in a reservior. Further options include venting of off gases and destruction of any ozone gas fraction thereof.

Abstract: A method for treating phosphate-containing waste water comprising treating phosphate-containing waste water with a metal hydroxide complex as a phosphate adsorbent represented by formula (1):M.sub.1-x.sup.2+ M.sub.x.sup.3+ (OH.sup.-).sub.2+x-y (A.sup.n-).sub.y/n(1)wherein M.sup.2+ represents at least one divalent metal ion selected from the group consisting of Mg.sup.2+, Ni.sup.2+, Zn.sup.2+, Fe.sup.2+, Ca.sup.2+ and Cu.sup.2+, M.sup.3+ represents at least one trivalent metal ion selected from the group consisting of Al.sup.3+ and Fe.sup.3+, A.sup.n- represents n-valent anion, 0.1.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.0.5, 0.1.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.5 and n is 1 or 2 to adsorb phosphate is provided.

Abstract: A portable water treatment assembly and water treatment method are disclosed in which the water to be purified is placed in an upper container together with a suitable bactericide, and is held in that container until the bactericidal action is complete. At that time, an elongate dowel is manually manipulated to open a passage between the upper container and a lower container to drain the purified water through a sediment cartridge in the upper container to remove sediment from the water, and through a cartridge in the lower container containing a medium to remove the bactericide and/or other potentially distasteful ingredients from the water, and the purified water is collected in the lower container for subsequent dispensing and use.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for purifying the water in spas or hot tubs are provided. Such apparatus include an ozone generator sized and adapted to purify the water in a spa or jetted tub, the ozone generator including a chip electrode assembly adapted to produce ozone from air using an electric discharge; and a transfer assembly cooperating with said ozone generator to pass ozone produced by the ozone generator to the water in the spa or jetted tub.

Abstract: A process for treating cooling lubricants to prevent attack by microorganisms using crospovidone-iodine as biocidal substance, wherein the cooling lubricant to be treated is brought into contact with a filter cake which consists essentially of particulate crospovidone-iodine as filter medium.

Abstract: A method is provided of reducing the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia and total nitrogen (TKN) of wastewater comprising the injection of a gas mixture of a low-concentration of ozone gas in oxygen into a wastewater stream with mixing to provide a reduction in the wastewater pollutants.

Abstract: The present invention relates to dewatering of an aqueous slurry of calcium carbonate. More particularly, the present invention relates to the use of non-ionic surfactants in dewatering aqueous slurries of an aragonitic precipitated calcium carbonate. Calcium carbonate slurries dewatered using the non-ionic surfactants of the present invention have higher weight percent solids, decreased dispersant demand, and result in higher productivity.

Abstract: Stable oxidizing bromine compounds are prepared by preparing a caustic solution comprising a halogen stabilizer, water and an alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxide, the halogen stabilizer being selected from the group consisting of R--NH.sub.2, R--NH--R.sup.1, R--SO.sub.2 --NH.sub.2, R--SO.sub.2 --NHR.sup.1, R--CO--NH.sub.2, R--CO--NH--R.sup.1 and R--CO--NH--CO--R.sup.1 wherein R is a hydroxy group, an alkyl group or an aromatic group and R.sup.1 is an alkyl group or an aromatic group, adding bromine chloride to the solution while mixing the solution, and cooling the solution.

Abstract: Enhanced synthesis of transition metal dithiolene complexes is described. [1,2-bis(Trifluoromethyl)ethylene-1,2-dithiolato]nickel selectively and reversibly binds olefins (C.sub.2 to C.sub.6). Under the same conditions, the complex does not react with H.sub.2 O, C.sub.2 H.sub.2, CO, and H.sub.2, and only slowly reacts with H.sub.2 S at high concentrations. The compositions are useful for selective removal and recovery of olefins from process streams containing contaminants such as CO and H.sub.2 S.

Abstract: A water purification system utilizes a radial filter and an ultraviolet lamp in a small, portable, countertop housing. A standpipe is positioned between the filter and the ultraviolet lamp to control the flow of water so that it flows along substantially the entire length of the UV lamp. The lamp is made integral with a quartz-tube covering and a threaded cap and connector to enable replacement of the UV lamp assembly. The housing encompassing the filter system is also easily disassembled to enable cleaning of the housing and replacement of the filter. A pressure vent is provided in the housing cover to equalize pressure and provide for a water level differential when the filter is disabled. A UV lamp indicator is included to show that the lamp is in operation.

Abstract: This invention describes a method for stabilizing bromine biocides in water. A water-soluble bromide salt and a sulfamate source are added to a body of water, and then an oxidant is added to the body of water to form the biocidal bromine species.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for removing contaminating metal ions and sulfate ions from acidic aqueous solution such as waste mine water which features passing the solution between pairs of electrodes, each pair of electrodes impressed with a voltage selected according to specific ion species and then adding chemical agents to raise the pH and form precipitates of the metal and sulfate ions. A magnetic field is applied during at least the first mixing step. The precipitate is then separated from the water with settling and filtering steps. The clarified solution is treated by reverse osmosis to concentrate the ammonium.

Abstract: A process for treating acid water process comprises raising the alkalinity of an aqueous component by means of algae, and separating algae from the aqueous component, thereby to obtain a purified alkaline aqueous component. The purified alkaline aqueous component is added to acid water, thereby raising the pH of the acid water.