Abstract: An apparatus for injecting ozone into water includes a riser leg, a down leg and a plurality of crossovers joining the riser and down legs. A partial side stream of water from a main under substantial hydraulic pressure is directed through the apparatus. A crossover is chosen in accordance with the hydraulic head pressure of the side stream such that the water flowing therethrough is at a substantially lower pressure than the water in the main. A source of ozone is connected by a manifold and valving to allow the ozone to be injected into the water in the selected crossover. After injection of ozone, the side stream is returned to the water main to allow mixing of the ozone containing water with the remainder of the water in the main. A pump is also alternatively used to provide additional head pressure to the water in the side stream where head losses cannot be overcome by diverting to a lower crossover.

Abstract: A method for dehydrating a waste hydrocarbon sludge, includes the steps of: (a) providing a waste hydrocarbon sludge in the form of an emulsion of water and oil having a water content greater than or equal to about 10% vol; (b) providing a solution of a clarifying agent in formation water; (c) mixing the waste hydrocarbon sludge with the solution so as to provide a sludge-water mixture having a ratio of water to hydrocarbon of at least about 1:1; (d) adding a demulsifier to the sludge-water mixture to provide a sludge-water-demulsifier mixture; (e) heating the sludge-water-demulsifier mixture to a sufficient temperature and holding for a time sufficient to provide a hydrocarbon phase having a water content of less than or equal to about 1% vol.

Abstract: Activated carbons derived from nutshells, and for use in adsorption of metallic cations, are prepared utilizing phosphoric acid activation with concurrent oxidation under air. The acid activation is carried out utilizing a one or two-step heating regime subsequent to the infusion of the phosphoric acid into the nutshell material during which concurrent oxidation is achieved by exposure to atmospheric oxygen. Further oxidation is optionally achieved by equilibration of the nutshell carbons to room temperature under air. Prior to utilization, a washing step is employed to remove unwanted acid from the carbon product.