Abstract: A gas-liquid contacting column is described with a number of axially spaced trays, each having two sections separated along a diametrical line on the tray, and having a number of parallel rectangular downcomers, open at the upper end and closed at the bottom end, which has a number of liquid discharge openings, and a number of liquid receiving areas with bubble area between them. The liquid receiving area is positioned just below the downcomer of a consecutive tray just above. The downcomers extend from the diametrical line to the circumferential of the tray such that the ends of the downcomers of the two tray sections are positioned along the diametrical line in an alternating manner, wherein the area of the liquid discharge openings per downcomer length as viewed from below and close to the diametrical line is less than that as viewed from below.

Abstract: A precursor delivery system emulsifier is provided for delivery a mixture of liquid and gas precursors. Since the liquid precursor is mixed with a gas, the flow pattern of the emulsified precursor can be controlled and modified and the relatively large flow rate of the emulsified precursor prevents the line from being clogged. Further, the mixing of the liquid precursor and gas at a site outside the vaporization chamber permits the liquid precursor line to remain cool, so that even the small diameter line remains unclogged.

Abstract: A scrubber for removing soluble materials from harmful gaseous effluents with high efficiency and safety is disclosed. By using twice mixes of the scrubbing liquid and the harmful gaseous effluent, the scrubber meets the standards of environmental protection. The scrubber of this invention also prevents the problems of factory safety presented in the conventional fume scrubber. Owing to the high efficiency of the mixing of the harmful gaseous effluent and the scrubbing liquid, the production facilities or processing units need not stop operating once the supply of the scrubbing liquid terminates.

Abstract: The invention is a method and apparatus for generating vortex rings in a fluid medium. The apparatus is immersed in a body of water, and an air pump feeds gas in the form of air directly into the base of the apparatus through a gas inlet or the gas is provided from a container with a Finite quantity of gas. A nozzle extends from the gas inlet to a pocket located on an underside of a lever. As air is pumped into the pocket, the air forms a single bubble, and when the force of the air mass exceeds the weight of the lever, the lever rises and the air mass travels as a cohesive unit to an exit nozzle. When the lever reaches the maximum height displacement defined by a resilient upper stop, the air exits the lever through a nozzle and forms a vortex ring.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for dissolving a gas into a fluid which may contain at least one dissolved gas. The apparatus includes an inlet through which fluid enters the apparatus. The fluid is then housed in a chamber. The apparatus also includes a feed for the introduction of the gas into the fluid housed in the chamber. The chamber has a first portion having a diverging interior surface and a second portion having a cylindrical surface, which configuration enhances gas absorption. Further, the apparatus includes an acceleration plate which accelerates the flow of fluids and gas bubbles in the chamber. In addition, the apparatus includes a helix-shaped bubble harvestor which removes fugitive (undissolved) gas bubbles from the fluid flow and returns them to the chamber above the harvester to increase the probability that those bubbles will be dissolved in the fluid. Fluid having gas dissolved therein exits the chamber through an aperture through the bottom surface of the chamber into an outlet.

Abstract: A packing section includes a plurality of vertically oriented, diagonally cross-corrugated packing sheets defining a section height. The section height has a base region, a bulk region, and a top region. The base region has a first particular geometry different from the geometry of the bulk region. The top region has a second particular geometry different from the geometry of the bulk region, and different from the first particular geometry of the base region.

Abstract: A water droplet mist is sprayed into the air upstream of the gas-turbine compressor inlet to increase power output from the gas turbine. The water has the effect of lowering dry-bulb temperature of the air entering the compressor inlet. To supply an amount of water appropriate for anticipated ambient conditions, a plurality of different capacity pumps are provided to supply water over a wide range of water flow rates. The control system for the pumps avoids the use of a set-point temperature for the inlet air obtained from measurements taken downstream of water injection. The operator inputs a desired relative humidity of air entering the compressor, and the control system determines the appropriate flow rate of water using the following measurements: flow rate of dry air to the compressor; flow rate of inlet water; dew point temperature of the inlet air; dry-bulb temperature of the inlet air; and temperature of the inlet water.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an air humidifier and to a method for humidifying air, the use of special devices enabling air to be humidified with sterile water. A large contact area between water and air is combined with low losses of flow pressure. A membrane contactor having at least one tube membrane embedded in a hydrophilic, porous body comprises the air humidifier. The present invention enables use of coarse filters to ensure that the water is dispersed over a large surface area.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for dissolving a gas into a fluid which may contain at least one dissolved gas. The apparatus includes a conventional U-tube oxygenator which includes a U-tube member having an inlet for the introduction of the fluid and the gas to be dissolved into the fluid, and an outlet. The fluid is housed in the U-tube member. The apparatus further includes a helix-shaped bubble harvestor located proximate the bottom of the inlet side of the U-tube member. The helix-shaped bubble harvester removes fugitive (undissolved) gas bubbles from the fluid flow and returns them to the bubble swarm located above the helix-shaped bubble harvestor. The resulting fluid, which contains a high concentration of dissolved gas, exits the outlet of the U-tube member.

Abstract: A humidifier 21 for use with a fuel cell 1, including a plurality of combined water permeable membranes or water permeable devices 21, each of the water permeable membranes or water permeable devices generating humidified gas by flowing therein different gases with different moisture contents and by moisture exchanging between the different gases so that one dry gas with smaller moisture content is humidified with the other moist gas with larger moisture content; and flowing passage switching devices Va for optionally switching flowing passages Ca of the dry gas. The flowing passage switching devices Va switches the flowing passage Ca in accordance with a required amount of the humidified gas so as to selectively use particular water permeable membranes or a particular water permeable device 21 from among the plurality of water permeable membranes or water permeable devices 21.

Abstract: A material not releasing gaseous organic substances during use is used as a filter medium and a sealing material for tightly sealing between the medium and a frame. Specifically, a synthetic paraffin not containing an aliphatic hydrocarbon having not more than 19 carbon atoms or less is used as a non-silicone type water repellent contained in a treatment agent for forming fibers into a cloth-like filter medium. A carboxylic acid ester having 400 or more molecular weight is used as a plasticizer and a phenolic compound having 300 or more molecular weight is used as an antioxidant to be added to the treatment agent and the sealing material. This enables that the gaseous organic substances are not present in a clean room, a semiconductor production apparatus or the like.

Abstract: An Automated Odor Modification System 10 is provided having an electronic programmable timer 100, a container liquid level detector 150, a nozzle liquid level detector 140, a motor control circuit 108, an electric motor 126, a liquid container 200, a housing for the enclosure 300, a nozzle 230, a fan 85, and tubing 220. When 200 has sufficient liquid; 230 has insufficient liquid; 100 is set to the date and time to come on: motor 126 pumps liquid into the nozzle 230 via 220. Fan 85 is used to transfer the vapors of the odor modification liquid from 230 to the desired locations. The fan 85 keeps running until the electronic programmable timer completes its cycle. The system is designed so that if the liquid in container 200 is insufficient; the system will be deactivated until the level of the liquid therein, is brought into specification.

Abstract: A process for effecting mass transfer between liquid phase and a gaseous phase in a filled-type column having an external shell which accommodates at least one filler-containing basket wherethrough the phases are caused to flow in countercurrent relationship. The process advantageously includes the step of feeding the gaseous phase to the at least one basket through a gas-permeable surface thereof which is larger than the basket cross-section, preferably in a prevailing radial flow direction.

Abstract: An apparatus for the efficient dissolution of fluids, both gas to liquid and liquid to liquid. A flow splitter divides the influent to an upper and lower stream. The lower stream is injected with a gas and the gas-enriched lower stream is subsequently discharged proximate to the bottom of a contactor in tangential fashion. The upper stream is discharged in similar tangential fashion proximate to the top of the contactor producing a vortex flow pattern. The countercurrent flow of the gas-enriched lower stream and upper stream ensures a high degree of dissolution of the gas in the liquid. Alternatively, two liquids of differing densities may be dissolved together with the present invention.

Abstract: The diffuser assembly of the present invention includes first and second diffuser bodies in fluid communication with an air distribution pipe. The diffuser assembly further includes a saddle that supports the first diffuser body and the second diffuser body. The saddle is connected to the distribution pipe by a hollow core rivet. Gas is forced from the distribution pipe through the hollow core rivet where the gas passes into the first and second diffuser bodies. The gas exits the first diffuser body through a first diffusion media and exits the second diffuser body through a second diffusion media. The first and second diffusion media form the gas into fine bubbles that serve to facilitate aeration of a fluid.

Abstract: A liquid coater which includes a mist feed tube (5) for feeding oil mist into an airtight container (2), an air hose (10) for feeding air into the airtight container (2) and a mist conveyor pipe (11) for conveying the oil mist pressurized by air inside the airtight container (2) to the outside of the container. Therefore, droplets and large mist particles can be trapped inside the container from the mist feed tube (5), and the mist can be conveyed at a high speed. The liquid coater has excellent applicability. The mist feed tube (5) has a double tube structure comprising an air tube (7) in which air flows, and an oil tube (6) which extends in the air tube (7) and in which the oil flows. The distal end of the oil tube (6) is positioned more inward than the distal end of the air tube (7), so that the oil mist can be fed by a simple construction.

Abstract: Gas/liquid contact tray for use in a column for counter-currently contacting gas and liquid, which tray has a perforated panel of which the area is divided in two or more parallel sections wherein the odd numbered sections are provided with downcomers directed perpendicular to the direction of the section, wherein the bottoms of the downcomers are provided with lateral outflow openings directed in the direction of the sections, and wherein the bottom of each of the downcomers in the section(s) neighbouring the wall of the column is also provided with a frontal outflow opening directed in the direction of the wall.

Abstract: The device includes a vertical sheath (11) extending in a part of the height of the tank (1), a funnel (14) located around the upper part of the sheath (11), a vertical shaft (19) driving the propeller (20) in rotation, anti-vortex blades (24) located inside the sheath (11), below the propeller (20), a pipe (33) for injecting a gas under pressure in the sheath (11), below the anti-vortex blades (24), and uniquely static stirring obstacles (31, 32) for stirring the liquid (3) by turbulence inside the sheath (11), these obstacles being located below the anti-vortex blades (24). The invention is applicable for example to the treatment of fatty waste products extracted from town sewage effluents or agricultural food industries.

Abstract: The invention relates to a gas-liquid contacting column having a number of axially spaced contacting trays, which trays have one or more liquid receiving areas and one or more downcomers, which liquid receiving areas and downcomers are spaced in a bubble area and which downcomer has at its upper end a liquid receiving opening and at its lower end one or more downward directed liquid discharging openings, which openings are positioned above the liquid receiving area of the consecutive lower contacting tray and positioned at more than 10% of the tray spacing above this liquid receiving area, wherein along the boundary of the liquid receiving area and the bubble area a weir is present.

Abstract: A nested, expandable, compact, liquid film fill sheet bundle is provided which facilitates shipment and then installation of the sheets to present a film fill pack for use in liquid cooling apparatus. The bundle includes a plurality of shingled, nested film fill sheets each having repeating, successive, area-increasing surface patterns on opposite faces thereof which complementally nest when the sheets are in bundled, shingled relationship. The sheets which are shingled are offset from the other sheets of the bundle by an amount equal to the width of each of the successive, repeating, surface area-increasing patterns in the sheets. The nested bundle is raised as a unit to the site of the fill pack where it is installed on support structure for the fill pack. The film fill sheets are then successively and sequentially expanded while carried by the fill pack support structure by shifting either one sheet with respect to the next adjacent sheet, or by shifting adjacent sheets relative to one another.