Abstract: A method and device for maintaining a body of water in a sanitized condition wherein the body of water is free from a source of bicidal metal ions and free from bromide or bromine compounds that can sanitize the body of water, the method including that steps of maintaining a chlorine level in the body of water at a level of between 1 ppm and 1.0 ppm; introducing a non-chlorine based oxidizing agent into the body of water wherein the chlorine level in combination with the oxidizing agent is selected so as to be insufficient to sanitize the body of water, and introducing a compound having a hydantoin ring therein into the body of water whereby the combination of the chlorine and the oxidizing agent sanitize the body of water without the presence of a source of biocidal metal ions to supplement the chlorine.

Abstract: A wash water processing method and a wash water processing apparatus in a simple structure capable of effectively decomposing organic matters and killing bacteria contained in wash water, extending the life of a filter of a filtration apparatus and an ion-exchange resin and, furthermore, extending a bacteria-killing/washing interval of a washing processing part. In the wash water processing apparatus (11) and the washing method, a wash water accommodation part (12) into which processed water processed in a washing processing part (10) flows and a filtration mechanism part (14) are connected and the wash water accommodation part has connected in a circulatable manner thereto an inflow flow path and an outflow flow path of a sterilization and purification unit which organically couples respective functions of an ozone supply part which supplies ozone, an ultraviolet irradiation part which irradiates with ultraviolet rays, and a photocatalysis part which causes a photocatalyst to act.

Abstract: Disclosed are various combinations of three different metal-oxide photocatalysts with three different bandgaps that can be used to harvest multiple wavelengths of incident solar radiation and to thus efficiently degrade recalcitrant contaminants. The photocatalysts are from the class of transition metal oxides and are non-toxic compounds based on earth-abundant materials. In some embodiments, particles of the photocatalysts are formed to be greater in diameter than about 0.1 ?m in order to make them easier to filter out after treating the contaminant. In some embodiments, the metal-oxide photocatalysts are zinc oxide which is ultraviolet active, hematite which is active in the visible spectrum, and copper oxide which is active in the near infrared spectrum. Various combinations in various embodiments achieve measured contaminant degradation rates greater than the sum of the degradation rates of the individual photocatalysts that make up the combination.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a process for treating and regenerating a spent caustic solution at ambient temperatures and pressure which includes oxidizing spent caustic wastewater with a brine solution and ozone mixture, supported by irradiation of the spent caustic wastewater by ultrasound. A range of wastewater treatment techniques may also be included to reach a desired effluent quality level.

Abstract: A water treatment device includes, between at least two flat sheet-shaped grounded electrodes vertically disposed so as to be parallel to each other, a sheet-shaped high-voltage electrode having two edges opposing the respective grounded electrodes. The sheet-shaped high-voltage electrode is supported by a plurality of support members, and thus deformation of the high-voltage electrode in an up/down direction and a horizontal direction is suppressed, and the distance between each edge of the high-voltage electrode and the corresponding grounded electrode, i.e., an electric discharge gap length, can be kept even. Accordingly, uniform electric discharge can be maintained between the high-voltage electrode and the grounded electrode, whereby highly efficient water treatment can be realized.

Abstract: A system for generating a plasma discharge in liquid utilizes first and second electrodes spaced apart in an interior space of a vessel holding the liquid. A channel can be defined in certain embodiments at least partially by at least one of the first and second electrodes, and an inlet in fluid communication with the interior space is configured to generate a vortical fluid flow in the vessel. A method for generating a plasma discharge in liquid is also provided.

Abstract: A reacting canister utilizing transparent optical fiber technology coated with a photo-catalyst and a plasmonic layer, including yttrium aluminum garnet nanoparticles, disposed between the optical fiber and the photo-catalyst to degrade off-flavor compounds in aquacultured aquatic life. The degradation of off-flavored compounds—including 2-methylisoborneol—can be significantly enhanced by increasing the surface area of the catalyst. Coating individual transparent optical fibers and aligning those fibers in a canister configuration allows the treatment of large volumes of water in portable and scalable reactors. Once the fluid is treated, the fluid is returned to the reservoir containing the aquacultured aquatic life.

Abstract: A water treatment system (10) includes an ozone generator (3) combined with an electrolytic chlorine generator (4010) in a compact, efficient and serviceable assembly. The system (10) may include a modular and replaceable ozone generator (3), which allows a damaged or non-functional ozone generator (3) to be quickly and efficiently replaced. In order to protect the ozone generator (3) from damage, a fail-safe drain valve assembly may also be provided which will expel backflowing pool water before it is allowed to backflow into the ozone generator (3). The water treatment system (10) may further include an insulated electrolytic chlorine generator (4010) that mitigates or eliminates leakage current for efficient operation.

Abstract: Disclosed are a water treatment apparatus and a process for treating process water with ozone and ultraviolet radiation. The apparatus comprises a reactor (4) having a first (5) and a second (6) reaction chamber. The first reaction chamber (5) has a UV lamp (1), an air inlet (30) and a gas outlet (23). An air/ozone conduit (34) is connected to the gas outlet (23), via which an air/ozone mixture (b) can be fed into a water inlet conduit (31). The second reaction chamber (6) is connected to the water inlet conduit (31) and a water outlet conduit (32). The inlet conduit (31) may contain a water filter (18) as well as a controllable circulation pump (16) designed to pump water in the reactor direction. The water filter (18) may be arranged between the circulation pump (16) and the reactor (4). A recirculation conduit (33) comprises a pump (10) pumping water towards the inlet conduit (31).

Abstract: An efficient, cost-effective, and efficacious technique for removing coal ash and other pollutants from waterways, ponds, marshes, holding tanks and other water sources and supplies. An apparatus comprising an open cage including electromagnets and/or permanent magnets and/or electrodes is supplied with electrical power to extract materials such as rare earth elements and/or heavy metals. The materials levitate to the surface, forming a shiny while leaving water substantially free of such materials.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods are presented for optimizing the formation of gas nanobubbles in a disinfecting solution. In an example system for treating contaminated water, a centrifugal pump draws the water from a reservoir and circulates the water in and through a circuit of elements including a mixing chamber in the pump, a pressure vessel, a backflow valve, a Venturi injector, and a pair of nozzles immersed in the reservoir. The system injects ozone-rich gas into the fluid to produce an aqueous solution containing a volume of gas nanobubbles. The nozzles release the gas nanobubbles into the reservoir, creating highly reactive compounds that destroy organic compounds and other contaminants in the water.

Abstract: A water purification cap for covering a water bottle is provided. The cap may include a barrel and a shell. The shell may surround a first end of the barrel. The cap may include a charging site. The charging site may be integral to the shell. The charging site may include a positive pole, a negative pole and an RGB ring. The RGB ring may insulate between the positive pole and the negative pole. The RGB ring may display colors that indicate a status of the cap. The cap may include a UV-C LED. The UV-C LED may be proximal to a second end of the barrel. The light emitted from the UV-C LED may be UV-C rays. The UV-C rays may be in the range of 100-280 nanometers. The cap may include a touch sensor. When touched, the touch sensor may activate the UV-C LED.

Abstract: A water sanitization cap for covering a bottle is provided. The cap may screw-fit on a conventional water bottle. The conventional water bottle may store drinking water. The cap may include a UV-C module. When activated, the UV-C module may destroy bacteria and/or viruses within the water. The cap may also include a particulate filter. The particulate filter may filter out particulate matter from the water when water is being suctioned out of the bottle. The water may be suctioned out of the bottle using a foldaway straw included in the cap.

Abstract: The invention discloses a loaded multifunctional catalysis composite material, a preparation method thereof and an application of the composite material to catalytic removal of water pollutants. The preparation method includes the steps: preparing a zinc oxide nano-sheet loaded nickel foam (Ni@ZnO) composite material by an electro-deposition method; compounding molybdenum disulfide micro-nano particles on ZnO porous nano-sheets by an electro-deposition method to obtain Ni@ZnO/MoS2. The composite material Ni@ZnO/MoS2 combines the advantages of components such as nickel foam, the zinc oxide nano-sheets and molybdenum disulfide from the point of material performances, high catalytic degradation activity and recycled performances are achieved, photo-catalysis and electro-catalysis are combined from the point of material application, and the catalytic activity of the composite material is improved by the aid of synergistic effects of photo-catalysis and electro-catalysis.

Abstract: Various examples related to electrokinetic dewatering (EKD) of suspensions such as, e.g., phosphatic clay suspensions are provided. In one example, a system for continuous EKD includes cake dewatering unit having a lower conveying belt extending across a dewatering chamber; an upper conveying belt extending across at least a portion of the dewatering chamber; and a sludge inlet configured to supply a sludge suspension on the first end of the lower conveying belt. The conveying belts can extend across the dewatering chamber at an angle. Rotation of the conveying belts draws the sludge suspension through an electric field where the sludge suspension is dewatered. The electric field can be established between an upper anode and a lower cathode. The upper and lower conveying belts can include the anode and cathode. A suspension thickening unit can provide a thickened sludge suspension the cake dewatering unit for enhanced dewatering.

Abstract: Aspects of the invention provide a system for disinfecting a humidifier containing a volume of water. An enclosure, such as a humidifier, includes a first chamber, a second chamber, a humidifier component, a third chamber, and a control unit. The first chamber contains a volume of water and a portion of the water flows into the second chamber. A first set of ultraviolet radiation sources within the first chamber can be configured to generate UV-A radiation, while a second set of ultraviolet radiation sources within the second chamber can be configured to generate UV-C radiation. In operation, the humidifier component adjacent to the second chamber creates water vapor using the portion of the volume of water within the second chamber. The water vapor flows into a third chamber that contains the water vapor and releases the water vapor into the ambient.

Abstract: An air fed mycoplasma device includes an array of elongate microchannels formed in a plastic or ceramic having tolerance to ozone and other radicals formed when plasma is generated from air in the microchannels. The microchannels include inlets configured to accept an air feed, and outlets configured to direct plasma jets toward a surface (which may be flat or internal to a pipe, for example) or object. An array of electrodes within the plastic/ceramic housing is configured to ignite and maintain plasma in the microchannels and is isolated by the dielectric from the microchannels. A supply intake for is configured to providing a plasma medium into the microchannels.

Abstract: A water treatment system with a photocatalytic nanocomposite sheet, an adsorbent layer, and a fibrous filter, wherein the photocatalytic nanocomposite sheet comprises polymethylmethacrylate and silver phosphate, the adsorbent layer comprises plasma activated carbon nanotubes, and the fibrous filter is a composite of polymethylmethacrylate, polyvinylidene fluoride, and polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer fibers, with carbon nanotubes that are dispersed within the polymer fibers and silver nanoparticles that are deposited on the polymer fibers. Various embodiments of the water treatment system and methods of fabricating the photocatalytic nanocomposite sheet, the adsorbent layer, and the fibrous filter are also provided.

Abstract: A preparation method of a two-dimensional nitrogen-doped carbon-based titanium dioxide composite material includes: (1) etching Ti3AlC2 with LiF/HCl to prepare two-dimensional transition metal carbide nanosheet; (2) preparing a nanosheet aggregate by electrostatic self-assembly of a two-dimensional transition metal carbide nanosheet and a positively charged nitrogen-containing cationic compound; (3) calcining the nanosheet aggregates to prepare a two-dimensional nitrogen-doped carbon-based titanium dioxide composite material.

Abstract: An apparatus and method isolating ion generation from target metal precipitation and flocculation rely on an ion generator and a precipitation reactor distinct, separated, optimized, and otherwise independent, so no co-habitation of ion generation and precipitation, nor their flow regimes, is permitted. Plug flow is hyper turbulent in the ion generator. Flow is quiescent to laminar the precipitator. Coating sacrificial anodes is avoided by not over driving currents for ionization at the anode. Control of electrical resistance across flows of very high TDS (over 200 kppm, often over 225 kppm) is accomplished by selectively masking a portion of the anode, cathode, or both of such electrodes. Masks may be dielectric films or layers, such as plastic sheets or tubes, or curtains of bubbles injected into the flow near an electrode.