Abstract: A method for carrying out biochemical reaction is disclosed. The method includes placing a suitable substrate in a cavity formed in a subterranean formation, inoculating the substrate with a culture of microorganisms, maintaining conditions suitable for the growth of the microorganisms, allowing the microorganisms to grow in the substrate in the cavity, and recovering a biochemical product formed thereby. The method is especially suitable for the conversion of alkali-oxidized or hydrolyzed coal, such as lignite, to methane.

Abstract: Novel compounds of the general formula I ##STR1## where X is hydrogen, nitro or unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or hetaryl, Y is cyano, nitro, alkanoyl, aroyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, carboxyl, a carboxylic ester group or unsubstituted or substituted carbamyl, R is unsubstituted or substituted alkyl or aryl, R.sup.1 is hydrogen or R.sup.2, and R.sup.2 is unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl or aryl, are useful for dyeing textile fibers, in particular polyesters.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein the symbols have assigned meanings, and their use as insecticides and/or miticides.

Abstract: Iron complex dyes which are particularly suitable for dyeing leather in brown shades are obtained by coupling a naphthylaminesulfonic acid with resorcinol, subsequently coupling the reaction product with 4-nitro-2-aminophenol and metallizing with an iron compound.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel substituted N-benzoyl-N'-2,5-dichloro-4-hexafluoropropyloxyphenylureas of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine or methoxy, and R.sub.2 is fluorine, chlorine or methoxy, and to the salts thereof; to proesses and intermediates for the preparation of these compounds and to compositions containing the novel compounds for controlling insects and representatives of the order Acarina, in particular plant-destructive insects.

Abstract: Novel N-phenyl-N'benzoylureas which are useful as insecticides and acaricides.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for opening the ring of gem dicyanepoxides comprising reacting a gem dicyanepoxide with a mononucleophilic compound in the presence of a hydrohalic acid or a weakly nucleophilic acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to new benzoylurea compounds of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a halogen atom,R.sub.2 is a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom,R.sub.3 is a hydrogen atom or represents 1 or 2 substituents which are selected from the group consisting of chlorine, methyl and trifluormethyl,R.sub.4 is a hydrogen atom or represents 1-3 substituents which are selected from the group consisting of halogen, and alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl and haloalkoxy, having 1-4 carbon atoms,X is N or CH,n is 0 or 1, andR.sub.5 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2-6 carbon atoms, or a cycloalkyl group having 3-6 carbon atoms, with the proviso, that, if n is 0 and R.sub.5 is a hydrogen atom, R.sub.3 is a hydrogen atom.The compounds have an insecticidal and acaricidal activity. After having been processed to compositions, the compounds may be used for the control of insects and/or mites in a dosage of 1 to 5000 grams of active substance per hectare.

Abstract: N-phenylsulfonyl-N'-pyrimidinyl- and -triazinylureas of the general formula ##STR1## and the salts thereof with amines, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal bases or with quaternary ammonium bases, have good pre- and postemergence selective herbicidal and growth regulating properties. In the above formulaA is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl radical which is substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylsulfinyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylsulfonyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkylthio, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkylsulfinyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkylsulfonyl, or a C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkenyl radical which is unsubstituted or substituted by the above substituents, or is a C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 haloalkenyl radical,E is the methine group or nitrogen,X is oxygen, sulfur, a sulfinyl or sulfonyl bridge,Z is oxygen or sulfur,m is 1 or 2,R.sub.1 is hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkenyl or a radical --Y--R.sub.5,R.sub.

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents lower alkyl, phenyl or phenyl lower alkyl;R.sub.2 and R.sub.4 represent lower alkyl; andR.sub.3 represents lower alkyl, benzyloxyalkyl, alkoxybenzyl or benzyloxybenzyl wherein the oxyalkyl or alkoxy moiety contain 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and a, b, and c represent chiral centers with optional R or S stereochemistry. These compounds inhibit collagenase and are useful in the treatment of arthritis. Also disclosed are processes for manufacture of the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions containing them.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a process for the preparation of formamides in which ammonia, a primary or a secondary amine is reacted with carbon monoxide at an elevated temperature and pressure in the presence of a mixture consisting of a phenol and a phenate salt from the group consisting of an alkali metal phenate and an alkaline earth metal phenate, said phenol and said phenate salt each having the radical: ##STR1## wherein R is selected from the group consisting of an alkyl radical having from 3 to 18 carbon atoms and a hydroxyaryl radical of the formula: ##STR2## in which R' is an alkylene group having from 2 to 5 carbon atoms and in which x has a value of 1 to 2 when R is said alkyl radical and x has a value of 1 when R is said hydroxyaryl radical.