Abstract: Process for preparing an edible spread of fat content lower than butter or margarine including the steps of forming an admixture of plastic dispersion (A) having a continuous fat phase and a discontinuous aqueous phase, which aqueous phase has a pH above 4.7 and contains protein selected from the group consisting of milk protein, soy protein and mixtures thereof, and an aqueous composition (B) having a pH at or below 4.7 and containing hydrocolloid, the aqueous composition (B) being substantially free of milk protein and soy protein, and subjecting the admixture of (A) and (B) to a working treatment at a temperature at which (A) remains plastic. The spread so obtained has a continuous fat phase and two distinct aqueous phases, one having the characteristics of the aqueous phase of (A), the other the characteristics of (B).

Abstract: A process for the fractionation of fats and oils in which the fat or oil is dissolved in a binary azeotropic solvent mixture. The solvent containing the dissolved fat is cooled to a first temperature to crystallize a high melting stearine fraction, and the high melting stearine fraction is removed from the solvent-crystal mixture. If the fractionation process has for its objective the production of a high melting fat and a lower melting fat (oil), the fractionation process is terminated at this point. However, if an intermediate melting solid fraction is the objective, it is desirable in the first crystallization step to remove a smaller portion of high melting stearine fraction and then to cool the remaining solution to a second temperature lower than the first to crystallize an intermediate melting solid fraction. The second crop of crystals is removed from the solvent-crystal mixture by filtration or decantation.

Abstract: Disclosed are preferred shortenings made with polyol polyesters. The Solid Fat Content curve and penetration of the shortenings is adjusted to increase smoothness and decrease graininess. Also described are food compositions that have enhanced flavors from the addition of particular sucrose polyesters.

Abstract: A new water-insoluble, modified gluten product is now provided, which is produced by kneading a mixture of wheat flour, L-ascorbic acid, cystine and water, and then fractionating the resulting kneaded, dough-like hydrated flour mixture, by repeated water washing, so as to recover a fraction comprising the water-insoluble modified gluten product from the dough. The modified gluten product now produced is useful as a bread improver. This new modified gluten product may further be mixed with cystine and an emulsifier to prepare a bread improver composition, which may be added to a farinaceous bread flour mixture or bread-making dough and is useful to improve the crumb texture, outer profile and crumb palatability of the bread products and also render the bread-making dough as made of the farinaceous bread flour mixture remarkably tolerant to the mechanical workings of the bread-making dough.

Abstract: A chocolate additive for preventing fat blooming and useful for omitting or simplifying the tempering operations comprising powder particles composed of as the main component a 2-unsaturated-1,3-disaturated glyceride constituent fatty acids of which are unsaturated fatty acids having at least 18 carbon atoms and saturated fatty acids having 20 to 24 carbon atoms and a chocolate containing the additive.

Abstract: A method for producing an edible soy nut confection comprising soaking soybeans in water, drying the soaked soybeans, freezing the dried soybeans, and frying the frozen dried soybeans in hot soy oil until the moisture leaves the soybeans.

Abstract: A highly versatile comprehensive nutritional system comprising a base mix and a flavoring. The base mix includes at least one protein containing ingredient and the flavoring includes at least one flavoring agent. The base mix and flavoring are brought together in the presence of a sufficient quantity of water just prior to use. In the preferred form the highly versatile comprehensive nutritional system is comprised of three proteins containing ingredients and also includes lecithin. The flavoring in the preferred form includes at least one flavor agent, such as source of chocolate flavor or a vegetable.

Abstract: Substitute milk fat especially as a replacement fat in infant formulations comprises 2-saturated glycerides especially 2-palmitic acid glycerides, in which the 1, 3 positions are randomly occupied substantially by different shorter chain and/or unsaturated fatty acids. These glycerides are prepared by selective rearrangement of glycerides using 1, 3-regiospecific lipase enzymes as rearrangement catalysts, preferably in acidolysis rearrangement using unsaturated acid or alkyl ester thereof.

Abstract: A process of treating oils containing Omega-3 fatty acids, such as fish oils like Menhaden oil, sardine oil, salmon oil and other oils, to produce odorless and flavorless oils which contain only insignificant amounts of undesirable minor constituents, such as thermal and oxidative polymers of unsaturated glycerides, trans-isomers, positional isomers, conjugated dienes and trienes, cholesterols, pesticides, PCBs and heavy metals, and which have reasonably good flavor and oxidative stabilities.

Abstract: An edible plastified product comprising a continuous fat phase and a dispersed gas phase which includes helium. The products according to the invention exhibit an improved spattering behavior when used for frying.A process for preparing an edible plastified product involves incorporating gas that includes helium in the composition that is to constitute the product and subjecting the gas-containing composition to plastifying conditions at super-atmospheric pressure. It is an advantage of this process that, with the use of gas containing helium, relatively small gas bubbles can be obtained relatively easily.

Abstract: The invention provides a protein hydrolysate with(a) a content of NaC1 between 0 and 35% w/w;(b) a content of free amino acids between 25 and 100% w/w; and(c) a content of glutamic acid between 8 and 60% (w/w calculated as dry matter)and optionally from 0-75% by weight of the hydrolysate of a saccharide carrier. Such a hydrolysate is obtainable by gel filtration over a porous material having an average pore diameter between 0.5 and 2.5 nanometers and eluting the desired fraction.

Abstract: A cacao butter substitute composition comprising (a) at least 80 wt. % of 1,3-disaturated-2-oleoyl glycerols comprising (a-1) up to 10 wt. %, based on the weight of (a), of 1,3-dipalmitoyl-2-oleoyl glycerol, (a-2) 25 to 45 wt. %, based on the weight of (a), of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-3-stearoyl glycerol and (a-3) 45 to 70 wt. %, based on the weight of (a), of 1,3-distearoyl-2-oleoyl glycerol, said composition containing less than 20 wt. % of other triglycerides.

Abstract: A new water-insoluble modified gluten product and a new water-soluble proteinaceous substance have now been found to be produced by kneading a mixture of wheat flour, one or more oxidizing agents such as L-ascorbic acid, potassium boromate, ammonium persulfate and potassium iodate, and water and then separating or fractionating the resulting dough-like or batter-like, hydrated flour mixture as kneaded, for instance, by repeated water-washing or centrifugation, so as to give individually a fraction comprising the water-insoluble modified gluten product, a fraction comprising an aqueous solution containing the water-soluble proteinaceous substance dissolved therein, and a fraction comprising the starchy substances and if necessary, subsequently dehydrating said aqueous solution.

Abstract: A process for preserving canned, low-acid foods comprising the steps of adding diacetyl, which may be in the form of a starter distillate, to food and heating the canned food to render the food commercially sterile. The diacetyl lowers the temperature required for processing and remains in the food product at a level sufficient to kill germinating bacterial spores.

Abstract: A nongelling meltable spread composition useful as a reduced calorie margarine which includes edible fat at levels of from about 44 to 55 percent and a low D.E. maltodextrin at levels of about 2 to 8 percent.

Abstract: A method for treating vegetable oil fatty ester shortening composition to provide a natural meaty flavor is provided. In the method, a natural meat fat is heated to a temperature of at least about 150.degree. F. An inert gas is conducted through the natural meat fat while maintaining the natural meat fat at a natural meaty flavor volatilization temperature of at least about 150.degree. F. to provide an inert gas flavorant stream containing natural volatile meaty flavor components. A vegetable oil fatty ester shortening composition is provided at a temperature less than the natural meaty flavor volatilization temperature.

Abstract: Hardstock fats suitable for use in edible plastic compositions including emulsion products such as margarine and low fat spreads comprises a substantially saturated fat of which the 2-fatty acids consist substantially of C.sub.16 and higher fatty acids and the 1, 3-fatty acids are randomly distributed and contains 50% or more C.sub.14 and shorter chain fatty acids. The fats may be prepared by lipolytic rearrangement under the influence of a 1, 3-regiospecific lipase enzyme as rearrangement catalyst. The fats are also suitable for use in chocolate filling compositions.

Abstract: Solid foodstuffs, such as cheese-like foodstuffs, are prepared from soybean protein, casein, oils and/or fats and water by first intimately mixing the soybean protein with water to entirely wet or hydrate the soybean protein prior to or separately from melting the casein by heating the system to an elevated temperature with agitation. In spite of the agitation with heating, the solid foodstuffs produced by the method have a smooth body which is free from a sandy feeling, dryness and crumbling and also has an excellent melting feeling to the tongue and mouth.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the production of a low cholesterol all-vegetable meat analog from texturized vegetable protein (TVP) resembling a natural meat product in appearance, texture, flavor, cooking characteristics, and eating qualities, comprising:(A) hydrating TVP;(B) disintegrating the TVP;(C) washing the TVP;(D) dehydrating the TVP;(E) denaturing and dehydrating, or dehydrating, the TVP from step (D) and combining the TVP with a hydrated binder and additional ingredients, or combining the TVP from step (D) with a binder and additional ingredients without hydration, thereby giving a mixture of the TVP, binder and additional ingredients having a desired range of moisture level;(F) stuffing the mixture into a casing; and(G) heat-setting and sterilizing the stuffed mixture for a time and at a temperature effective to complete binding and sterilization.

Abstract: Process of preparing instant powdered food by mixing a melted hydrogenated vegetable oil, an emulsifier and a vegetable protein powder with a supersaturated crystalline carbohydrate solution; adding a crystalline carbohydrate to it; solidifying, cooling and reducing the resultant mixture to a powder. Process of preparing instant powdered food according to this invention is simple, cost-efficient and can also preserve the nutritional value and taste of the food.