Abstract: A lignocellulosic mixture comprising: (a) a binder composition comprising: (i) an isocyanate compound; (ii) a sulfonic acid compound; and optionally, (iii) a catalyst compound, (iv) an acidifying compound different from Component (ii), and (v) other additive compounds; and (b) one or more lignocellulosic particles wherein at least a portion of the lignocellulosic particles is partially coated with the binder composition wherein the ADHESIVE MEMORY LOSS of the binder composition is less than or equal to 50 and the METAL LOSS on a surface of a metallic article that comes into contact with the binder composition is greater than or equal to ?0.00009.

Abstract: This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects.

Abstract: Disclosed is food-grade lubricating grease and a method for preparing the same, belonging to the technical field of lubricating grease. The food-grade lubricating grease is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 75% to 85% of food-grade white oil, 6% to 16% of stearic acid, 2.0% to 3.0% of benzoic acid, 4.7% to 8.7% of aluminum isopropoxide, 1.0% to 1.5% of water and 1.0% to 7.0% of nano-PTFE, and has good extreme-pressure, abrasion-resistant and friction-reduction properties, a last non-seizure load (PB) reaching 411.6 N, a sintering load (PD) reaching 1,960 N, and a friction coefficient reduced by 18.5%. The lubricating grease can be used for a food production industry and in household food appliances, the service life of a device and the service life of the food-grade lubricating grease are effectively prolonged, and meanwhile, food security is guaranteed to a certain degree.

Abstract: A carbon fiber composite, including a carbon fiber not connected to a substrate, an insulative layer coating at least a portion of the carbon fiber, and a material deposited on at least a portion of the insulative layer. The carbon fiber deposit may be used, for example, in adjustable Fresnel lenses and horn antennas.

Abstract: A structural reinforcement for an article including a carrier that includes: (i) a mass of polymeric material having an outer surface; and (is) at least one consolidated fibrous insert having an outer surface and including at least one elongated fiber arrangement having a plurality of ordered fibers arranged in a predetermined manner. The fibrous insert is envisioned to adjoin the mass of the polymeric material in a predetermined location for carrying a predetermined load that is subjected upon the predetermined location (thereby effectively providing localized reinforcement to that predetermined location). The fibrous insert and the mass of polymeric material are of compatible materials, structures or both, for allowing the fibrous insert to be at least partially joined to the mass of the polymeric material. Disposed upon at least a portion of the carrier will be a mass of activatable material.

Abstract: There is provided a process for producing a fuel comprising: sensing the sulphur content of a liquid hydrocarbonaceous material; admixing liquid aqueous material and the liquid hydrocarbonaceous material in a predetermined ratio, based upon the sensed sulphur content, such that a nanoemulsion is obtained; and converting the nanoemulsion into at least the fuel.

Abstract: This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

Abstract: The present invention provides a water-glycol hydraulic fluid comprising 0.3-0.6% by mass in total of fatty acid sodium salt and/or fatty acid, and 0.3-0.6% by mass of dimerized fatty acid. The water-glycol hydraulic fluid also comprises 20-60% by mass water, 20-60% by mass glycol, 0.01-0.06% by mass alkali hydroxide compound selected from potassium hydroxide and/or sodium hydroxide, and 1.0-5.0% by mass alkanolamine.

Abstract: The present invention provides a water/glycol-based hydraulic fluid that includes a total fatty acid and dimer acid of more than 0.4 and no more than 1.2 mass % as a fatty acid lubricant, and also a phosphate ester at between 0.01 and 0.07 mass %. The phosphate ester has the following structure (1) here R1 and R2 each represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrogen group with a carbon number between 1 and 30, and may either be mutually identical or mutually different; R3 represents a hydrocarbon group with a carbon number between 1 and 20; R4 represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group with a carbon number between 1 and 30; and X1, X2, X3, and X4 each indicate an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, where these may either be mutually identical or mutually different.

Abstract: An electric motor driveline fluid for an electric motor system including a lubricating base oil, at least one sulfurized component, and at least one dispersant derived from a polyisobutylene having an average number molecular weight of at least 2000. The electric motor driveline fluid provides acceptable wear performance as well as good electrical conductivity and oxidative stability for use in electric motor system fluids having a low viscosity when select elemental relationships of phosphorus, sulfur, and calcium and included in the fluid.

Abstract: A method for producing a lubricant in producing an overbased calcium sulfonate, which is converted from the vaterite form into the calcite form and, finally, a calcium sulfonate grease is produced by heating the mixture. A lubricant may comprise at least one ester composition, calcium carbonate and at least one overbased alkylbenzene sulfonate. The basicity of the mixture is limited during the preparation of the overbased calcium sulfonate to a TBN of at most 550 mg KOH/g and during the conversion of the calcium sulfonate to a TBN of at most 450 mg KOH/g. Both the calcium sulfonate and the grease containing said calcium sulfonate may be produced exclusively on an ester basis, so that the end product does not contain any mineral oil and is therefore easily and completely biodegradable.

Abstract: A lubric gel composition for personal defense includes a fatty acid at a concentration ranging from 5 wt % to 10 wt % of the composition, a thickening agent at a concentration ranging from 1.75 wt % to 8.75 wt % of the composition, a detergent at a concentration ranging from 1.03 wt % to 4.07 wt % of the composition, a surfactant at a concentration ranging from 2 wt % to 15 wt % of the composition, and water at a concentration ranging from 66 wt % to 90.21 wt % of the composition.

Abstract: A lubric gel composition for personal defense includes a fatty acid at a concentration ranging from 5 wt % to 10 wt % of the composition, a thickening agent at a concentration ranging from 1.75 wt % to 8.75 wt % of the composition, a detergent at a concentration ranging from 1.03 wt % to 4.07 wt % of the composition, a surfactant at a concentration ranging from 2 wt % to 15 wt % of the composition, and water at a concentration ranging from 66 wt % to 90.21 wt % of the composition.

Abstract: Method for reducing intake valve deposits in a spark ignition internal combustion engine which is fuelled with a gasoline fuel composition, wherein the method comprises introducing into the engine an aqueous based composition, wherein the aqueous based composition comprises (i) water, (ii) from 0 vol % to 40 vol % freezing point suppression agent, (iii) from 0 vol % to 10 vol % of surfactant, and (iv) an amine compound in a blending amount of from 0 ppmw to 1000 ppmw.

Abstract: Use of a guanidinium-based ionic liquid as detergent in a lubricant composition, notably for lubricating marine engines. A lubricant composition including a guanidinium-based ionic liquid.

Abstract: Fuel briquettes based on carbon-containing materials, such as fuel briquettes for household use for heating of living and housekeeping spaces, glass-covered and film-covered greenhouses, especially in those geographic regions where no natural fuels like firewood, coal or turf are available. The fuel briquettes may also be used in chimney fireplaces, portable stoves, boilers, grills and braziers, for heating of railway carriages and accommodation cabins for labor and military personnel. A new binder, namely, Sosnowsky's hogweed, is used, providing environmental improvement and termination of weed infestation of fertile soils due to expansion of Sosnowsky's hogweed. The technical effects are attained by a fuel briquette containing a premix of ground carbon-containing filler and a biomass of ground plants of Sosnowsky's hogweed (e.g., entire plants including leaves, stems, roots and umbels) used as a binder. The briquette is compressed to remove liquid content and then dried.

Abstract: This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

Abstract: This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

Abstract: Provided are marine fuel compositions having acceptable wax behavior. In one form, the marine fuel composition has the following enumerated properties: a kinematic viscosity at 50° C. of about 5 cSt to about 700 cSt; a wax endpoint temperature of less than about 100° C.; and a ratio of kinematic viscosity at 100° C. to operating viscosity greater than 1, wherein the operating viscosity is at least about 2 cSt. The marine fuel composition exists in a liquid phase with essentially all the wax in the composition melted (essentially free of solid wax) prior to fuel injection into a marine engine.

Abstract: Object To provide a liquid contact member having high hydrophilicity and exhibiting high dirt removal efficiency by cleaning. Solution A liquid contact member includes a ceramic including a plurality of crystal grains and a grain boundary phase, and the concentration of silicon on a liquid contact surface of the ceramic is higher than that of silicon on a virtual internal surface parallel to the liquid contact surface.