Abstract: Supported liquid membrane separators improve the flexibility, efficiency and service life of electrochemical cells for a variety of applications. In the field of electrochemical storage, an alkaline secondary battery with improved service life is described in which a supported liquid membrane is interposed between the positive and negative electrodes. The supported liquid membranes of this invention can be used in energy production and storage systems, electrosynthesis systems, and in systems for the electrowinning and electrorefining of metals.

Abstract: An improved metal-halogen electrochemical cell, particularly a zinc bromide cell, contains a water soluble tetraorgano-substituted ammonium salt in the electrolyte which forms a substantially water insoluble liquid complex with cathodic halogen thereby reducing self-discharge of the cell.

Abstract: A binary electrolyte for a molten carbonate fuel cell is disclosed. The electrolyte is approximately 72 m % Li.sub.2 CO.sub.3 and 28 m % K.sub.2 CO.sub.3 and displays a uniform lithium to potassium in molar ratio during operation along the length of the fuel cell stack.

Abstract: A non-aqueous cell of the type having a negative electrode of a light metal such as lithium or sodium pressure bonded either directly or through the medium of a negative-electrode current collector to the inner surface of a negative terminal case, which non-aqueous cell has means for buffering heat transfer disposed inside said negative terminal case and allows a connecting tab to be bonded by welding at one end thereof to the outer surface of said negative terminal case at the position opposite that of said means for buffering heat transfer.

Abstract: A hydrogen electrode and the method of making the electrodes usable in a fuel cell comprising a perforated nickel foil current collector, the back side of which is sealed with a semi-permeable membrane of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) with a thickness of 50 .mu.m and a pore diameter of 0.2 .mu.m. The front side is sealed with an electrocatalytic layer of about 25 .mu.m thickness. The electrocatalytic layer contains 75%, by weight, catalyst (carbon particles coated with a layer of catalyzing platinum) with a platinum loading of 0.25-0.6 mg/cm.sup.2. The platinum-covered carbon black is dispersed and embedded as individual but touching granules in strands of PTFE composing 25% of the layer. The porosity of the layer is 80% with a mean volume pore diameter of 10 .mu.m. The strands are obtained by roll compaction of granular PTFE.

Abstract: An electroconductive macromolecular film having an increased overall sectional area is used as organic polymer electrode to improve the charging and discharging efficiency of the organic polymer batteries.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a cathode for a sea-water battery by forming a particulate mixture of silver chloride and a substitute therefor.

Abstract: A high specific energy electrochemical cell comprises: a negative active material (4) based on an alkali metal or on an alkaline-earth metal; a separator (8); a non-aqueous liquid electrolyte; and a positive electrode comprising a solid active mass (5). The positive mass is provided, on its electrolyte side, with a porous and electron conductive metal covering (12) which does not participate in the electrochemical reaction, whose thickness is of the order of a few microns, and which is in contact with the metal portions serving as a positive current collector. The covering greatly reduces the initial impedance of the cell.

Abstract: The electrochemical cell comprises an outer conductive housing, an anode material within the housing, a cathode material within the housing, and porous insulating means separating the anode material from the cathode material, and an electrolyte inside the housing and within the porous insulating means. The cathode material is a mixture of a metallic halogen compound and a metallic sulfide compound less electrochemically reactive with the anode material than the metallic halogen compound.

Abstract: Electrical cells and batteries having lithium anodes and cathodes comprising an organic slurry of MnO.sub.2 and carbon particles in an organic solvent in contact with a conductive plastic current collector, and a method of making the cathodes comprising the steps of heating MnO.sub.2 to remove absorbed and adsorbed water and water of crystallization, cooling the dehydrated MnO.sub.2, dispersing the cooled and dehydrated MnO.sub.2 in an anhydrous solvent to form a slurry, depositing the slurry in discrete cathode patches on cell component substrates, and sealing the slurry patches into cells having substantially gas impervious cell enveloping boundaries.

Abstract: Lives of organic secondary cells having organic electrodes wherein organic conductive materials such as polyacetylene are used as electroactive substance for the cathodes and/or anodes can be extended in the following way: Active species which are produced, when organic electrodes are doped with excess ions, and are responsible for the deterioration of cell functions are trapped with a substance having a frontier-electron density higher than those of the organic conductive materials, such as dimethylimidazolidinone, toluene, diphenylamine and dimethylaniline, by adding the substance to electrolyte, such as a solution of lithium perchlorate in propylene carbonate, of the cells.

Abstract: A sodium-sulfur battery comprising molten sodium as an active material for a minus pole and molten sulfur as an active material for a plus pole, the molten sodium and molten sulfur being partitioned from each other by a sodium ion-permeating solid electrolyte such as .beta.-alumina as a boundary is provided with a sodium storage tank communicated with the molten sodium in the battery cell, a draining mechanism for withdrawing the molten sodium, when desired, from the battery cell into the sodium storage tank, and a circulating mechanism for purifying and returning the sodium from the sodium storage tank to the battery cell as the molten sodium, sodium can be discarged urgently from the battery at an accident of direct contact between the sodium and sulfur, with the result of improved safety.

Abstract: An electric cell comprising a negative electrode having a light metal as an active material, an electrolyte and a positive electrode having, as an active material, a fluorinated graphite having the formula (C.sub.x F).sub.n wherein x is a numerical value of about 2.0 to about 5.5 and n refers to an indefinite number of the recurring (C.sub.x F) unit and having a crystalline structure exhibiting a peak at about 13.7.degree. to about 15.0.degree. in terms of an angle of 2.theta. corresponding to the diffraction at the (001) plane in an X-ray diffraction pattern, a peak in the vicinity of 685.3 eV due to the F.sub.1S and two peaks in the vicinity of 287.5 eV and 284.3 eV due to the C.sub.1S in the spectrum of electron spectroscopy of chemical analysis, two peaks in the vicinity of 1100 cm.sup.-1 and 1240.sup.-1 in the IR spectrum, an electric conductivity of at least about 10.sup.-8 .OMEGA..sup.-1 cm .sup.-1 and a thermal stability up to 200.degree. C. in air from the viewpoint of an X-ray diffraction pattern.

Abstract: A rebalance cell is provided for a REDOX electrochemical system of the type having anode and cathode fluids which are aqueous HCl solutions with two metal species in each. The rebalance cell has a cathode compartment and a chlorine compartment separated by an ion permeable membrane. By applying an electrical potential to the rebalance cell while circulating cathode fluid through the cathode compartment and while circulating an identical fluid through the chlorine compartment, any significant imbalance of the REDOX system is prevented.

Abstract: An electric battery pack is manufactured by a process whereby an outer insulating casing has contact strips partly inserted through apertures in opposed sides thereof adjacent a closed bottom thereof. A series arrangement of connected batteries is inserted into the casing until the positive and negative poles of the series arrangement engage against the contact strips. A cover having integral inward projections is pressed towards and against the casing to close an open end thereof, the inward projections being stressed and deforming against end batteries to secure all the batteries immovably in position, and the cover being welded to the casing. The inner ends of the contact strips are then welded or soldered to the poles of the series arrangement from outside the casing through access orifices in the closed bottom of the casing.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for induction heating "over-the-partition" intercell connections in a lead/acid storage battery by melting both lead risers so as to form a connection over the top of the insulating partition. A mold is suspended on top of the partition and an induction coil is supported on the mold so as to surround the top portion of the intercell lead risers. High frequency alternating electrical current is applied to the coil so as to melt the top portion of the lead risers so that upon fusion thereof in the mold and cooling, the tops of the risers are interconnected. The interconnection bridges the top of the risers and rests on top of the partition. The invention lends itself to mass production in a very short time as compared to present methods. Excellent fusion quality is reliably obtained as compared to present methods.

Abstract: The housing of an electrochemical cell system has a vent passageway defined by a flared flange. The flange is flared outwardly with respect to the longitudinal axis of the passageway so that the opening of the vent passageway facing to the interior of the housing is smaller than the opening of the vent passageway facing to the exterior of the housing. An electrically insulating material, such as glass, is fused in the passageway to form a hermetic seal. The outwardly flared flange facilitates removal of the seal material responsive to excessive internal cell pressures so the cell can be vented safely.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell (2) including at least two electrically conductive parts (8,14) which are sealed together by an organic polymer adhesive (16) but electrically insulated from each other by a layer (10) comprising aluminum oxide which is formed on a surface of one of the parts.

Abstract: A fuel cell comprising a catalyst for endothermic reforming of the hydrocarbon content of fuel in such a manner as to promote uniform temperature distribution in the cell.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell particularly of small dimensions having a vent which comprises a hot melt adhesive or other extrudible leak resistant material sealed to and substantially surrounding that portion of a metal electrode conductor extending through an aperture in a cell sealing element.