Abstract: Tris(triorganotin) esters of trimeric fatty acids wherein the groups which are organically combined with the tin atom are the same or different and are linear or branched alkyl having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms, cyclohexyl, or phenyl, and biocidal agents containing these compounds as an active ingredient.

Abstract: An antifungal agent produced by cultivation of Zalerion arboricola is a cyclic lipopeptide with very high activity against human pathogens and of very low mammalian toxicity. Its production and isolation are also described.

Abstract: Recombinant DNA clones according to the invention contain a host range gene of B. japonicum which is contained within a 3.3 kb HindIII restriction fragment from the B. japonicum chromosome. Mutations to this gene change the ability of the bacteria to nodulate different plants. In one example, a Tn5 insertion to this region caused the strain to lose its ability to nodulate siratro, but nodulation of soybeans was unaffected. This gene may be manipulated to extend or restrict the host range of the strain for agricultural purposes.

Abstract: A rendering process in which fats and oils are rendered from fat and oil bearing raw materials. The process comprises reducing the particle size of the raw material, heating the reduced raw material in a rendering vessel to a rendering temperature without the introduction of any process water and/or steam while establishing fluidization of the raw material within tallow resident in the rendering vessel and moving a flow of the heated material to a separator.

Abstract: DNA plasmids are described which are selected mutants in which an altered repressor gene leads to high copy number replication. Elements in the plasmids are modified in such a way that readthrough expression of heterologous DNA inserted in the plasmid will not continue into the replication primer strand. Deletions resulting from interference with replication primer strand transcription are thereby avoided.

Abstract: A 2,356 base pair fragment isolated from the human X chromosome, designated as Xrep, has been found to exert a positive effect on plasmid replication in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The Xrep, in addition, has been found to increase transcription of DNA, thus leading to increased expression of desired protein products. The Xrep segment has been fully sequenced and portions thereof have been found to exhibit homologies with enhancer sequences contained in various viruses.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a three-dimensional cell culture system which can be used to culture a variety of different cells and tissues in vitro for prolonged periods of time. In accordance with the invention, cells derived from a desired tissue are inoculated and grown on a pre-established stromal support matrix. The stromal support matrix comprises stromal cells, such as fibroblasts, grown to subconfluence on a three-dimensional matrix. Stromal cells may also include other cells found in loose connective tissue such as endothelial cells, macrophages/monocytes, adipocytes, pericytes, reticular cells found in bone marrow stroma, etc. The stromal matrix provides the support, growth factors, and regulatory factors necessary to sustain long-term active proliferation of cells in culture. When grown in this three-dimensional system, the proliferating cells mature and segregate properly to form components of adult tissues analogous to counterparts found in vivo.

Abstract: The invention provides DNA sequences encoding a human preproinsulin-like growth factor I protein and novel extension peptides. A novel preproinsulin-like growth factor I protein and novel extension peptides are also provided. The present invention further provides a human IGF-I gene which has been sequenced and which encodes at least two preproinsulin-like growth factor-I proteins. Various genes and DNA sequences useful in producing essentially pure mature IGF-I, preproinsulin-like growth factor I proteins and IGF-I gene related proteins are also provided.

Abstract: Promoter sequences from the gene from the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase are disclosed. Expression cassettes containing a promoter sequence, a linker region, and a 3' fragment are also disclosed. The promotor sequences and expression cassettes are useful for expressing foreign genes to high levels in transformed plants.

Abstract: The invention relates to a culture medium containing an effective amount of agar hydrolysate. This material is advantageously used to fight against the appearance of the plant vitrification phenomenon during in vitro micropropagation of plants.

Abstract: A process for establishing functional human corneal tissue consisting of an enhanced contact-inhibited endothelial monolayer derived from isolated human corneal endothelial cells with other integral corneal layers remaining intact. The process is divided into four integral parts.1. Isolation of human corneal endothelial cells from donor corneas.2. Establishment of a human corneal endothelial cell line which involves the establishment of primary cell cultures, proliferation, and continued maintenance and subculturing of these cells in vitro.3. The utilization of long term storage of isolated human corneal endothelial cells at -80.degree. C.4. Utilizing these isolated corneal endothelial cells from the above processes to enhance the corneal endothelial monolayer of human donor corneas to be used for penetrating keratoplasty.Two distinct methods of corneal endothelial enhancement may be utilized.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for reproducing coniferous trees by somatic embryogenesis using plant tissue culture techniques. The method comprises a multistage culturing process. A suitable explant, typically the fertilized embryo excised from a mature or immature seed, is first cultured on a medium that induces multiple early stage proembryos. Preferably the proembryos from the indication stage are further multiplied in a second culture having reduced growth hormones. The early stage proembryos are then placed in or on a late stage proembryo development culture having a significantly higher osmotic potential than the previous stage or stages. This increased osmotic potential medium is a critical key to the development of very robust late stage proembryos having at least about 100 cells and multiple suspensor cells. Culturing from this point coninues in an embryo development medium very low in or lacking growth hormones but containing abscisic acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a virus for cloning or expression of a foreign gene, characterized in that it consists of all or part of the genome of avian erythroblastosis virus and contains at least one foreign gene situated between the 3 LTR sequences.

Abstract: Novel constructs are provided for expression of physiologically active mammalian proteins in plant cells, either in culture or under cultivation. The constructs provide a promoter functional in a plant host, a structural gene coding for mammalian protein and a terminator functional in a plant host. The construct is introduced into a plant cell to become integrated into the plant genome for expression in the plant cells or plants. The plant cells may be harvested and the mammalian protein isolated in physiologically active form.

Abstract: Transcription of the vir genes of the Ti-plasmid in Agrobacterium species, typically induced by phenolic compounds secreted by wounded plant cells, is enhanced when induction is carried out in the presence of effective amounts of an opine from the Octopine Family of Nopaline Family. Production of T-strands in Agrobacterium species can be potentiated by induction preferably in the presence of octopine, nopaline, succinamopine, or leucinopine. Agrobacterium species induced in the presence of an opine compound of the Nopaline or Octopine Family effect highly efficient transformation of even recalcitrant plant species.

Abstract: Nonanchorage-dependent cells are immobilized for cell culturing or the production of cell products, by contracting an aqueous suspension of the cells with a floc formed by the combination of positively and negatively charged ion exchange resins having particle sizes ranging from about 0.01 to about 1.5 microns. The flocs may be formed either prior to contract with the cells or may be formed in situ in the cell suspension upon separate addition of the resins, preferably by first adding the positively charged resin followed by the negatively charged resin. The resin floc operates as a microcarrier for the cells.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein: R represents an alkyl group of one to four carbons, an alkenyl group of two to four carbons or a 1-alkoxy-alkyl group of the formula ##STR2## R.sup.1,R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 may be the same or different and represent hydrogen, methyl or ethyl;R.sup.4 represents hydrogen, an alkyl group of from one to five carbon atoms, an alkenyl group of from two to four carbon atoms or an alkylidene group of from one to four carbon atoms;R.sup.5,R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 may be the same or different and represent hydrogen, methyl or ethyl with the proviso that the sum R.sup.5 +R.sup.6 +R.sup.7 does not exceed two carbon atoms; andR.sup.8 represents methyl or ethyl;with the proviso that at least two, but not more than three of the symbols R.sup.1,R.sup.2,R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 represent hydrogen.This invention is also concerned with odorant and flavoring compositions containing these compounds.

Abstract: The invention concerns novel isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) which contain a toxin(s) which is active against adult nematode worms and larvae. this B.t. toxin(s) can be used to treat animals and plants hosting susceptible nematodes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a microbiological process for the preparation of a protein by culturing a mutant bacterial strain.This process consists in using a bacterial strain carrying a mutation which limits, or even suppresses, the expression of the operons whose transcription depends on the fixation of the cAMP-CRP complex, a DNA sequence coding for a protein precursor having been introduced into the said bacterial strain.

Abstract: Fruit specific regulatory regions are identified employing cDNA screening. The resulting fruit specific regulatory regions are manipulated for use with foreign sequences for introduction into plant cells to provide transformed plants having fruit with a modified phenotypic property. The invention is exemplified with a tomato fruit specific promoter which is active throughout the stages of fruit ripening.