Abstract: Provided is an ion-exchange fiber including a polymer A obtained by introducing an ion-exchangeable substituent to 100 parts by weight of an acrylic polymer that is obtained by polymerization of a monomer composition containing 30 % by weight or more of acrylonitrile with respect to 100 % by weight of the composition and a polymer B obtained by introducing an ion-exchangeable substituent to 1 part by weight or more and 100 parts by weight or less of an epoxy group-containing polymer. Each ion-exchangeable substituent is introduced by reaction with an amine compound and is an ion-exchangeable substituent derived from the amine compound. A method for producing the ion-exchange fiber is also provided.

Abstract: A method of cleaning a membrane surface immersed in a liquid medium with a fluid flow, including the steps of providing a randomly generated intermittent or pulsed fluid flow along the membrane surface to dislodge fouling materials therefrom. A membrane module is also disclosed comprising a plurality of porous membranes (6) or a set of membrane modules (5) and a device (11) for providing a generally randomly generated, pulsed fluid flow such that, in use, said fluid flow moves past the surfaces of said membranes (6) to dislodge fouling materials therefrom.

Abstract: The present document describes a process and a bioreactor for reducing a bisphenol compound content of a wastewater using a membrane bioreactor containing a biomass in a volatile suspended solid (VSS) form where the biomass in the membrane bioreactor is operating continuously to reduce bisphenol compound content when the bisphenol compound volumetric load is below 108 g m?3 d?1.

Abstract: Embodiments of a water treatment system, a water treatment method, and an ozone kit for a water treatment system are provided. The water treatment system includes an ozone gas source; a regenerating fluid source; a water tank; a manifold having a first port in fluid communication with the regenerating fluid source, a second port in fluid communication with an outlet of the ozone gas source, and a third port in fluid communication with the water tank via a venturi nozzle; and a control system configured to: cause regenerating fluid to be drawn through the venturi nozzle into the water tank; and cause ozone gas to be drawn through the venturi nozzle into the water tank.

Abstract: The present invention relates to modified clay sorbents which may be used as sorbents for chemical compounds. In addition, the present invention also relates to the use of modified clay sorbents for the sorption of chemical compounds. The modified clay sorbents of the present invention have particular application for the sorption of anionic and/or hydrophobic compounds.

Abstract: Embodiments of methods and apparatuses for forming a low-metal biomass-derived pyrolysis oil are provided. The method comprises the steps of filtering a biomass-derived pyrolysis oil with a high flux rate filter arrangement having a flux rate of about 10 L/m2/hr or greater to form a low-solids biomass-derived pyrolysis oil. The low-solids biomass-derived pyrolysis oil is filtered with a fine filter arrangement having a pore diameter of about 50 ?m or less to form an ultralow-solids biomass-derived pyrolysis oil. The ultralow-solids biomass-derived pyrolysis oil is contacted with an ion-exchange resin to remove metal ions and form the low-metal biomass-derived pyrolysis oil.

Abstract: Means for reducing an arsenic ion concentration in the solution to the degree of ultra trace amount are provided. Ammonium molybdate is supported by a nanostructure material by mixing the nanostructure material, which is obtained after the nanostructure material such as an alumina reacts with a surfactant, in the solution containing the ammonium molybdate. The nanostructure material supporting an arsenic ion adsorption compound such as ammonium molybdate can selectively adsorb and remove trace of arsenic ion in the solution by a room temperature treatment without a water conditioning such as pH control. In our removal system of arsenic, extra posttreatments are not needed because special pretreatments are not carried out, and special heating equipments are not used. Accordingly, our removal system of arsenic can be constructed at low cost. Furthermore, it can supply an arsenic-free solution by be constructed at multi stages.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for regenerating spent ion exchange resin and recovering regenerant fluid is described. A regeneration system has a regeneration vat, a regeneration solution tank, a regenerant recovery tank, a chemical dispenser, a solids separator, a pH adjuster and a pump. The regeneration vat holds the spent resin and is connected to the regeneration solution tank to allow transfer of regenerant solution into the regeneration vat. Spent regenerant fluid travels to the regenerant recovery tank, where it is treated with chemicals provided from the chemical dispenser. The solids separator receives the treated regenerant liquid and separates precipitate flocs from the treated regenerant liquid. The concentration of chloride ions in the separated regenerant solution can be adjusted by the pH adjuster to form fresh regenerant solution. The pump pumps the fresh regenerant solution to the regenerant solution tank to regenerate additional spent cation exchange resin.

Abstract: Wastewater treatment tank for achieving hydraulic flow equalization and high efficiency soluble biological oxygen demand (BOD) removal. The wastewater treatment tank provides a compact arrangement of at least one dissolved air flotation (DAF) cell and an equalization reactor cell. The tank achieves regulatory wastewater pretreatment requirements for reducing total BOD concentrations below 250 to 300 mg/L.

Abstract: A system and method for treatment of ammonia-containing raw water from low-temperature sources is designed to provide optimum treatment conditions, particularly temperature of the raw water in the bioreactor(s) containing nitrifying bacteria. The raw water supply is split into two streams, of which one stream is heated before remixing with the other stream. The split-stream heating is optionally supported by the provision of a retention tank on the heated-water stream. A three-way valve is provided to control compressed air supply to be mixed with the raw water in dependence on water level in the bioreactor.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a method and system for providing a regeneration stage in a water treatment system. The method can include entering a first air bleed state to allow pressurized, deoxygenated air to exit the water treatment system, entering a second air bleed state to equalize a first air pressure of remaining deoxygenated air inside the water treatment system with a second air pressure outside the water treatment system, entering a backwash state to expel remaining deoxygenated air and particulates from inside the water treatment system, and entering an air draw state to allow oxygenated air to enter the water treatment system.

Abstract: A method for decontamination of a liquid effluent including one or more radioactive chemical elements to be eliminated is disclosed. According to one aspect, the method includes The method includes mixing, in a first zone of a reactor, solid particles with the liquid which are able, by co-precipitation, adsorption and/or ion exchange, to capture and retain the radioactive chemical elements. The solid particles settle in a second zone of the reactor. The solids, including the radioactive chemical elements, are then separated from the remaining liquid.

Abstract: A waste fluid is evaluated to determine if the waste fluid includes fracturing fluid requiring treatment for sodium; a hydrocarbon level requiring hydrocarbon treatment; and/or drilling fluid requiring clay treatment. The waste fluid is mixed with mature compost, organic fertilizer, and top from the well site. If the waste fluid requires treatment for sodium, calcium nitrate is mixed with the waste fluid in an amount sufficient to balance the sodium content thereof. If the waste fluid includes a hydrocarbon level requiring hydrocarbon treatment, an additional organic fertilizer is mixed with the waste fluid along with hydrocarbon-digesting microbes in an amount sufficient to inoculate the waste fluid. If the waste fluid includes drilling fluid requiring clay treatment, the waste fluid is mixed with gypsum to break up and reduce adhesive characteristics of clay particles present in the waste fluid. The mixture is stirred and dried to produce fertile top soil.

Abstract: In a sewage treatment plant with a membrane bioreactor (MBR), raw untreated or partially treated wastewater (influent) and/or mixed liquor in the intensified process is superoxygenated. In a preferred form of the process the influent is superoxygenated such that membrane air scouring requirements are reduced. Influent may be fed to a swing zone where denitrification and nitrification occur simultaneously through process control. In one embodiment superoxygenation is conducted in an internal recycle stream of the mixed liquor, with oxygen content supersaturated preferably to over 300 parts per million. Due to the active evolution of oxygen gas from the supersaturated stream, occurring preferably by seeding the supersaturated stream with air bubbles, the supersaturated oxygen can serve the dual purposes of meeting process oxygen demands and providing part of air scouring requirements for the membranes.

Abstract: A water purification and softening system includes a water softening system, connected to a water supply, a temperature stabilization unit, connected to the water softening system, and a dispenser, connected to the temperature stabilization unit. The temperature stabilization unit is configured to adjust a temperature of the softened water to a range of 32° F. to 65° F., and the dispenser is configured to dispense the water. The water can also be carbonated.

Abstract: A filtering system with electrolytic action and method is disclosed which is adapted for filtering the water in swimming pools, spas, saunas, hot tubs, whirlpools and the like with circulatory flow or single-flow. The filtering system may include a pump for drawing water from a body of water and circulating this water through an electrolytic filter including a layer of electrolytic filter media of dissimilar metal particles or granules and returning this filtered water to the body of water. The filtering system not only removes sand and sediment but also prevents algae and fungus growth, kills bacteria, and eliminates the need for adding chlorine, bromine, and algaecide to the water.

Abstract: A desalination system (100) having an intake unit (110) providing seawater to a pre-treatment unit (120) connected to a reverse osmosis (RO) desalination unit (130) and a post treatment unit (150). The desalination system (100) is configured to operate without any external addition of chemicals to simplify logistics and regulation concerns. The units of the system are configured to prevent biofouling, scaling and corrosion by mechanical and biological means including high flow speeds, biological flocculation of colloids, and making the water entering the RO units inhospitable to bacteria and other organisms that cause biofouling, hence preventing their settlement and removing them with the brine. Recovery rate is lowered and energy is recovered to increase the energetic efficiency and minerals that are added to the product water are taken from the brine.

Abstract: A filter includes a structurally rigid adsorptive filtering medium formed as a sintered porous material chosen to remove targeted contaminant(s). The adsorptive filtering medium forms a hollow chamber sized to receive a mechanical filtering medium which is sized to press outward against the adsorptive filtering medium which supports the mechanical filtering medium thus eliminating a cage and a core to support the mechanical filtering medium and leading to a simplified construction. The fluid enters the filter through substantially the entire face of the adsorptive filtering structure and proceeds through the mechanical filtering medium which is a pleated paper filter. The hollow chamber may be capped at each end such that the caps effectively seal the filter and direct the fluid through the adsorptive filter medium and the mechanical filter medium.

Abstract: A system for treating a fluid in a container. The system includes an included airlift tube and active air input into the tube. The air is supplied by a pump that is external to the tank and sized in accordance with the size of the tank. The system is arranged to promote the generation of suspended growth bacteria. The bacteria are provided by an air supply that is diffused in the tube wherein the air carries naturally occurring bacterial spores. The airlift tube includes one or more inlet ports located below an air diffuser. The tube may be located on the floor of the tank, suspended from the ceiling of the tank or arranged to float within the tank. A plurality of tubes may be used together to treat fluids in containers larger than standard septic tanks. A pH neutralizing device may form part of the system.

Abstract: An aspect of the present invention is generally directed toward an appliance that includes a water source inlet that receives intake water from a water source and a water outlet proximate a water dispensing location on a door of the appliance in fluid communication with one another via one or more water conduits spaced within the appliance. The appliance also includes a removable water filter and dispenser assembly configured to be removably engaged and disengaged with the water outlet of the appliance by hand without the use of tools. The removable water filter and dispenser assembly includes: (1) a housing that includes at least one water treatment media; and (2) a treated water dispensing outlet configured to deliver water treated by the at least one water treatment media for use or consumption.