Abstract: A signature perforating knife that is useable to perforate multi-layer signatures is formed as a compound knife using either several knife blades or a combination of knife blades and spacer blades. Each compound perforating knife has a uniform base thickness. The specific characteristics of the compound perforating knife can be adapted in accordance with the weight of the paper web being printed and the number of layers of the multi-layer signature which will be perforated and then folded in a folding apparatus of a web-fed rotary printing press.

Abstract: A process for the construction of a bulk container including a glued bottom portion. A sidewall blank having a hollow tubular configuration with an upper and lower portion is suspended in the shape of the desired container and is positioned over a bottom wall located on a raised work area. Adhesive or glue is applied to either the bottom wall and/or the sidewall in areas where the sidewall blank will be permanently in contact with the bottom wall. The sidewall blank is lowered into contact with the bottom wall such that the lower portion of the sidewall blank is located below the work area and the upper portion is located above the work area. The sidewall blank is secured to the bottom wall by folding the upper portion of the sidewall blank over the bottom wall thereby contacting the adhesive or glue.

Abstract: A spout for a container is provided with depending wings extending down from a bottom edge of the spout. The depending wings terminate in a point for piercing a container. The depending wings permit the spout to pivot ninety degrees from the container to extend from a container at a ninety degree angle therefrom. The spout has side walls with upper edges having arcs of ninety degrees. The spout is inserted into a container with a ram which drives the spout against a ramp to rock the depending wings upward with respect to the bottom edge of the spout. Thereafter, the ram drives the points into the container and the upper edges of the side walls of the spout contact the container and cam the spout back to a horizontal position to insert the ninety degree spout with the depending wings into a container.

Abstract: A method of making a book box which comprises utilizing a solid block of wood which is either of a square or rectangular shape. In the side edge of the solid block there is cut a plurality of closely spaced parallel grooves causing the side edge to resemble the leaves of a book when the book is closed. Within the top surface of the block of wood there is formed an enlarged concavity with the bottom surface of the block of wood being adhesively secured onto the inside surface of a back flap of a book cover. The spine of the book cover is adhesively secured to the side edge. The front flap of the book cover is capable of pivoting between a closed and an open position, and when in the closed position covers the concavity, and in the open position provides access into the concavity.