Abstract: A Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction catalyst includes a catalyst support containing a silica and zirconium oxide in an amount of 0.5 to 14% by mass based on the mass of the catalyst support, and cobalt metal and a cobalt oxide supported on the catalyst support in an amount equivalent to 10 to 40% by mass of tricobalt tetroxide based on the mass of the catalyst, wherein the degree of reduction of the cobalt atoms is within a range from 75 to 93%, and the amount of hydrogen gas adsorption per unit mass of the catalyst at 100° C. is within a range from 0.40 to 1.0 ml/g.

Abstract: A method of producing a forged steel part is disclosed. The method includes providing a steel billet that can be selectively hardened to different hardness levels by varying the air cooling rate. The method also includes heating the steel billet to an austenization temperature of the steel billet. The method further includes hot forging the steel billet to form the steel part including a first region and a second region. The method yet further includes selectively cooling the hot forged steel part by air cooling the first region at a first cooling rate and air cooling the second region at a second cooling rate that is less than the first cooling rate.

Abstract: In some implementations of the invention, existing extremely low resistance materials (“ELR materials”) may be modified and/or new ELR materials may be created by enhancing (in the case of existing ELR materials) and/or creating (in the case of new ELR materials) an aperture within the ELR material such that the aperture is maintained at increased temperatures so as not to impede propagation of electrical charge there through. In some implementations of the invention, as long as the propagation of electrical charge through the aperture remains unimpeded, the material should remain in an ELR state; otherwise, as the propagation of electrical charge through the aperture becomes impeded, the ELR material begins to transition into a non-ELR state.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cold rolled steel sheet. The steel sheet has a strength greater than 1000 MPa, a uniform elongation greater than 12% and a V-bendability greater than 90°. The composition of the steel sheet includes, expressed in per cent by weight, 0.15%?C?0.25%, 1.8%?Mn?3.0%, 1.2%?Si?2%, 0%?Al?0.10%, 0%?Cr?0.50%, 0%?Cu?1%, 0%?Ni?1%, 0%?S?0.005%, 0%?P?0.020%, Nb?0.015%, Ti?0.020%, V?0.015%, Co?1%, N?0.008%, B?0.001% whereby Mn+Ni+Cu?3%. The remainder of the composition consists of iron and inevitable impurities resulting from processing. The microstructure includes, in area percentage, 5 to 20% polygonal ferrite, 10 to 15% residual austenite, 5 to 15% martensite and a balance of bainite. The bainite is in the form of laths and includes carbides between the laths. A number N of inter-lath carbides larger than 0.1 micrometers per unit of surface area is less than or equal to 50000/mm2. A fabrication method and a motor vehicle are also provided.

Abstract: The invention pertains to creating new extremely low resistance (“ELR”) materials, which may include high temperature superconducting (“HTS”) materials. In some implementations of the invention, an ELR material may be modified by depositing a layer of modifying material unto the ELR material to form a modified ELR material. The modified ELR material has improved operational characteristics over the ELR material alone. Such operational characteristics may include operating at increased temperatures or carrying additional electrical charge or other operational characteristics. In some implementations of the invention, the ELR material is a cuprate-perovskite, such as, but not limited to BSCCO. In some implementations of the invention, the modifying material is a conductive material that bonds easily to oxygen, such as, but not limited to, chromium.

Abstract: A superconducting magnet includes a superconducting coil, a helium tank that accommodates the superconducting coil and stores liquid helium therein, a radiation shield that surrounds a periphery of the helium tank, a vacuum vessel that accommodates the radiation shield, an exhaust port that is connected to the helium tank and exhausts gasified helium, a lead that electrically connects an external power supply and the superconducting coil and is attachable to and removable from the vacuum vessel, a connector that connects the lead and the superconducting coil, and a thermal conductive member having one end in contact with at least one of the connector and the exhaust port, and having the other end located outside the vacuum vessel and attachable to and removable from the vacuum vessel.

Abstract: A catalyst-coated support including a sheetlike support, a primer layer applied thereto and composed of nanoparticles composed of silicon oxide-comprising material, and at least one catalyst layer applied to the primer layer. The layers applied are notable for a particularly good adhesive bond strength and can be used particularly efficiently in heterogeneously catalyzed gas phase reactions, especially in microreactors.

Abstract: The current document is directed to processes for producing improved porous catalysts for the dehydrogenation of organic compounds. In one implementation, the process comprises providing a powder of metal particles, sieving the powder using vibrating-screen sieves, aligning metal particles collected from sieving under an external magnetic field, partially sintering the aligned metal particles to form a solid matrix by heating the aligned metal particles in a furnace or microwave oven, or heating the aligned metal particles using a laser sintering process with a controlled amount of external heat, to a temperature below the melting point of the metal powder, and oxidizing the matrix to produce the porous catalyst. The catalysts produced by the disclosed methods have a porous body with increased surface area, can assume various microstructures, and consist essentially of metal oxides.

Abstract: In a “window-junction” formation process for Josephson junction fabrication, a spacer dielectric is formed over the first superconducting electrode layer, then an opening (the “window” is formed to expose the part of the electrode layer to be used for the junction. In an atomic layer deposition (ALD) chamber (or multi-chamber sealed system) equipped with direct or remote plasma capability, the exposed part of the electrode is sputter-etched with Ar, H2, or a combination to remove native oxides, etch residues, and other contaminants. Optionally, an O2 or O3 pre-clean may precede the sputter etch. When the electrode is clean, the tunnel barrier layer is deposited by ALD in-situ without further oxidant exposure.

Abstract: Sludge from an anaerobic digester is treated to recover one or more of fibers, or solids or liquids with a high nutrient content. The solids or liquids can be used as a fertilizer. The fibers can be used in a plant growing medium. Solids are separated from liquids in the sludge and dried. The solids may be dried to produce a flake or pellet. Ammonia in the liquids is recovered and used to produce a concentrated acidic ammonium salt solution. This solution may be mixed with the solids to produce a nitrogen enhanced solid. The fibers and solids or liquids can also be used in combination to produce an enhanced plant growing medium. A device and process for removing ammonia from a liquid can be used in the system or separately.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a copper-based catalyst for preparing 1,2-propanediol, wherein copper as an active metal is supported on a complex metal oxide structure having mesopores and macropores at the same time, a method for preparing the copper-based catalyst, and method for selectively preparing 1,2-propanediol from dehydration and hydrogenation of glycerol using the copper-based catalyst.

Abstract: Provided are a metal structure catalyst and a method of preparing the same. Particularly, the method includes forming a metal precipitate on a metal support by contact of a mixed solution including a precursor of a metal catalyst and a precipitating agent with the metal support, and forming metal particles by thermally treating and reducing the metal precipitate formed on the metal support. The metal structure catalyst includes a metal support, a metal oxide layer formed on the metal support, and metal nanoparticles formed on the metal oxide layer. In addition, the metal nanoparticles are uniform and have enhanced binding strength.

Abstract: There is provided a superconducting magnet in which magnetization caused by a shielding current of a superconducting winding is eliminated whereby the current to be supplied to the superconducting winding is uniformized, and thus uniformity of the central magnetic field is secured. The superconducting magnet has a superconducting winding composed of a superconductor, and an outer AC winding composed of a superconductor or non-superconductor wound coaxially with the superconducting winding, at an outer side the superconducting winding; and an AC current is supplied to the outer AC winding thereby applying an AC magnetic field in a direction perpendicular to a direction of magnetization caused in the superconducting winding by the shielding current, and thus the magnetization is eliminated. Also, the superconducting magnet has an inner AC winding composed of a superconductor or non-superconductor wound coaxially with the superconducting winding, at an inner side of the superconducting winding layer.

Abstract: A three-way catalyst including a mixture of nickel and copper is provided for reducing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon emissions, and nitrogen oxides from vehicle engine exhausts. The catalyst is impregnated onto a carrier substrate which is non-reactive with nickel and copper. When used in a vehicle exhaust gas treatment system, the nickel-copper catalyst provides improved efficiency in reducing CO, HC, and NOx emissions over the use of conventional three-way-catalysts and provides enhanced oxygen storage capacity (OSC) and water-gas-shift (WGS) functions.

Abstract: An egg-shell catalyst consisting of an active compound in the form of an alloy of nickel and one of iridium, rhodium and ruthenium, on a support comprising alumina, zirconia, magnesia, titania or combinations thereof. The catalyst is used in a process for the steam reforming of hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A preparation method of silver nanowires is provided. First, droplets of an ethylene glycol solution of silver nitrate is atomized by ultra-sonication and then added into a heated solution containing polyvinylpyrrolidone and sodium chloride to form silver nanowires. Comparing with the method without the ultra-sonication, the above method can increase the yield and the aspect ratio of the silver nanowires.

Abstract: An insulated high-temperature wire superconductor includes a wire of a non-insulated high-temperature wire superconductor, the width of which is at least 10 times its thickness and in which a high-temperature superconductor is introduced into a matrix or is applied to a substrate. The wire is provided with an electrically non-conducting insulating layer on both sides such that the two insulating layers have an insulating edge width in a range from 2 mm to 200 mm which projects in relation to the wire.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the preparation of pre-melted calcium aluminate for iron and steel treatment and protection by the fusion of aluminum dross residues, usually referred to as non-metallic products (NMP) containing variable levels of aluminum (Al) and aluminum nitride (AlN) with calcium carbonate at high temperature, under oxidizing atmosphere. It further relates to the purification of the molten calcium aluminate from some contaminants present in the dross residue.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a production method which can increase the activity of a catalyst particle comprising a core particle and an outermost layer, the core particle comprising at least one of palladium and a palladium alloy, and the outermost layer comprising at least one of platinum and a platinum alloy and covering the core particle.

Abstract: A process for the surface treatment of a metal part comprises: exposing a surface (1) of the metal part to a stream of substantially spherical particles, so that any portion of said surface receives said particles along several primary incidences, the primary incidences of the particles on a portion of the surface being essentially distributed in a cone or a conical film which has an outer half apex angle between 10° and 45°, until a surface layer (3) of nanostructures having an average thickness of several tens of microns is obtained, the particles having a diameter of less than 2 mm and greater than 0.1 mm and being projected at a speed between 40 m/s and 100 m/s. A thermochemical treatment is then applied, in particular a low-temperature treatment of the nitriding type or a high-temperature treatment of the low-pressure carbonitriding type.