Abstract: A compact catadioptric lens system with a widened field angle is disclosed and characterized in that the axial distance L between the main-mirror element (M.sub.1) and the sub-mirror element (M.sub.2) fulfills the following condition in relation to the diagonal length D of the rectangular focal plane on which the image is projected:1.5D>L>0.5D ,and that the radius of curvature R.sub.5 of the image side surface of the sub-mirror element and the radius of curvature R.sub.

Abstract: An optical adaptor is provided to permit objective lenses designated for a certain image format to be used on optical devices having a smaller image format. Thus, 35 mm single lens reflex camera lenses can be mounted on a cinematographic camera and a T.V. camera. The optical adaptor includes a pair of mounts for attachment respectively to the objective lens and to the optical device. Mounted within the adaptor housing is a positive refractive lens system capable of shortening the focal length and increasing the aperture ratio of the objective lens system. The lens system satisfies the condition that the magnification, .beta., is equal to or less than 1 and the refractive power of a negative element lens .PSI..sub.1 to that of a positive element lens, .PSI..sub.2, in the lens system, satisfies the following;(4/.beta.)-4.5.ltoreq..vertline..PSI..sub.2 /.PSI..sub.1 .vertline..ltoreq.(4/.beta.

Abstract: A lens system for photographing objects from infinity to a very short distance has a forward group having a positive refractive power, a rearward group disposed rearwardly of the forward group and having a positive refractive power, and a diaphragm member provided between the two groups. The forward group is movable by a predetermined distance along the optic axis of the lens system in accordance with the object distance for focusing. The rearward group is movable by an amount smaller than the amount of movement of the forward group in the direction of the optic axis in accordance with the object distance for focusing.

Abstract: The inverted telephoto type wide angle lens system of the present invention includes, from the object to image side, a first lens group having a positive single lens, a first negative meniscus single lens convex to the object side and a second negative meniscus single lens convex to the object side. A second lens group includes at least one positive lens while a third lens group includes, from the object to the image side, a first positive meniscus single lens convex to the image side, a biconcave single lens, a second positive single lens convex to the image side and a positive single lens. In addition, the inverted telephoto type wide angle lens system of the present invention fulfills the following conditions:______________________________________ 0.75f < .vertline.f.sub.1,2,3 .vertline. < 1.25f f.sub.1,2,3 < 0 10f< f.sub.1 < 20f 6.5f < .vertline.r.sub.2 .vertline. < 22f r.sub.2 < 0 1.3f < f.sub.5 < 1.9f ______________________________________wherein:f.sub.

Abstract: A lens of variable equivalent focal length where two lens groups located on either side of an aperture defining means move relative to the aperture defining means, and a lens group of positive power is positioned close to the aperture defining means. The aperture defining means and the associated positive power group may either be stationary or move with change in equivalent focal length.

Abstract: In the disclosed zoom lens a front lens group serves for focusing, a variator group and a compensator group for zooming and a fixed lens group for forming an image. In the basic focal length range the front lens group is fixed while the variator group and the front lens group are movable. In order to increase or decrease the focal length beyond the basic focal length range, the front lens group, the variator group and the compensator group are moved simultaneously. From the wide angle limit or from the telephoto limit of the basic focal length range through the extended range at both ends the front lens group and the variator group are moved simultaneously.

Abstract: A catadioptric light system such as a module lens system capable of being mounted on a camera is provided. A plurality of light reflecting and refracting optic members are designed to provide a desired image forming light path through the lens system. Disposed within the lens system is an electrochromic device that is responsive to an applied voltage to provide a predetermined degree of light transmission intensity through the lens system. The electrochromic device can be a thin film mounted on a transparent plate or on a reflective surface. The housing of the lens system can be advantageously designed to contain its own power source.

Abstract: The optical system includes a variator lens and a compensator lens each adapted for cammed axial movement along the optical axis in response to rotation of a cam tube for varying the focal length of the system in a normal zoom range between a telephoto condition and a wide-angle condition. A control member is coupled to the cam tube and is shiftable between a normal range condition for preventing axial movement of the cam tube during focusing in the normal zoom range and a macrophotographic range condition which effects a cammed axial movement of the cam tube in response to rotation thereof for focusing the system in a macrophotographic range. Radially shiftable and axially shiftable control mechanisms are disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting quality of currency or the like. Signals representative of the transmissivity and reflectivity of a bill are subtracted from a signal representative of unity. The resulting signal, which is representative of absorptivity of light by the bill, is accumulated over the length of the bill and compared to a reference to produce digital signals representative of fit or unfit bills.

Abstract: A combination lens system including a camera objective and a rear attachment therefor. The objective is preferably of the telephoto type comprising a front group having a positive focal length and a rear group having a negative focal length. The rear group is axially movable in whole or in part to increase the back focal length of the telephoto objective. The attachment lens has a negative focal length and consists of a plurality of lens elements. The axial separation between the front group and the attachment lens is maintained constant during the time when the rear lens group or sub-group thereof is moved to control the adjustment of the back focal distance.

Abstract: An image forming optical system for a semiconductor laser which forms an image of a semiconductor laser as a light source through an image forming lens, wherein the image forming lens is so disposed that it maintains the original divergent point of the semiconductor laser in the vertical direction and the image forming plane in a conjugative relationship, and that the image forming magnification .beta. in the vertical direction satisfies the following relationship of .beta.=.gamma..multidot.sin .theta..sub.O .multidot.Feff (1.2.ltoreq..gamma..ltoreq.3.0) based on an angle .theta..sub.O, at which the intensity of orientation characteristic in the vertical direction assumes 1/e.sup.2 at the center and an effective F-number Feff at the image side.

Abstract: A multifocal lens is formed by positioning ground and polished elongate lens portions together with the longitudinal edges thereof abutting each other, and fusing the abutting edges together.

Abstract: A concentric core fiber having a low numerical aperture has an end face aligned with the end face of a graded index fiber having a high numerical aperture. The inner core of the concentric core fiber is aligned with and faces the central region of the graded index fiber, while the outer core of the concentric core fiber is aligned with the outer periphery of the inner core of the graded index fiber. In this manner, low order modes which propagate in the inner core of the concentric core fiber are coupled to the central region of the graded index fiber. Higher order modes which propagate in the outer core of the concentric core fiber are applied to the inner core of the graded index fiber and propagate at the edges thereof.

Abstract: A disposable multi-chamber cuvette for use with photometric chemical analyzers. Each chamber is defined by an individual cup formed of optically-clear plastic material having its own side, end, and bottom walls. Each pair of adjacent cups are joined by a thin vertical web that is spaced inwardly from the side walls of adjacent cups so that light piping between cups is minimized. The thin webs preferably extend along the longitudinal vertical midplane of the series. A unitary cover seals the open tops of the cups and coacts to rigidify the entire assembly. A suitable handle projects from one end of the series to provide means for inserting and removing the rigid cuvette cartridge into and from a chemical analyzer.

Abstract: A compact standard zoom lens having a high performance, composed, in order from the object side, of a front lens group being a divergent lens group and a rear lens group being a convergent lens group. Both lens groups are mechanically movable to vary the focal length. The divergent lens group is composed, in order from the object side, of a first positive lens, a second double concave negative lens and a third positive meniscus lens convex on the object side. The convergent lens group is composed of less than five positive lenses and one negative lens. The zoom lens satisfies the following conditions:0.7.vertline.r.sub.3 .vertline.<.vertline.r.sub.2 .vertline.<0.95.vertline.r.sub.3 .vertline.r.sub.2, r.sub.3 <0 (1)n.sub.2 >1.80 (2)d.sub.1 +d.sub.2 +d.sub.3 +d.sub.4 +d.sub.5 <0.45 Fs (3)0.6<r.sub.4 /r.sub.5 <1.0, (4)where:Fs is the minimum focal length of the overall zoom lens,n.sub.i is the refractive index of the i-th lens at d-line,.nu..sub.i is the Abbe number of the i-th lens,r.sub.

Abstract: This invention provides an erect type zoom telescopic optical system for a binocular or monocular telescope which consists of a positive lens group nearest to an object, a variator group, a compensator group, an image erect prism positioned between the variator and compensator groups, a field stop positioned at a predetermined definite position where the image of the object is formed by said compensator group movable along the optical axis interlocking with the variator group, and an eye-piece for observing the image of the object formed at the field stop. This invention provides a compact size system with high quality compensating aberrations.

Abstract: An optical system is provided which has an optical surface capable of being selected continuously between dimensionally numbered aberrations. The optical surface has a symmetry of revolution with respect to its horizontal axis defined by the length of a horizontal perpendicular from an arbitrary point on the surface to a plane tangential to the vertex of the surface, which is represented as a function of an absolute value for the height of the arbitrary point from the optical axis. The function contains aspherical terms with real number powers which are greater than 2, but not an integer.

Abstract: A zoom lens system having a wide angle of view, a large diameter and a large zooming ratio in which the distortion is well corrected. The zoom lens system includes a movable lens group and a fixed lens group for zooming. A relay lens is provided behind the zooming lens group. A compensating lens having a small refractive power is inserted between the movable lens group and the fixed lens group and is moved in association with the zooming operation. The compensating lens consists of an aspherical lens of small refractive power or a group of spherical lenses having a small refractive power as a whole. The compensating lens is located at a position between the movable lens group and the fixed lens group where the light flux advancing along the optical axis of the zoom lens system converges to the image side.

Abstract: In this disclosure is described apparatus for automatic pattern or object recognition in which objects or goods with optically recognizable patterns are optically scanned for the pattern by passing the objects in front of optical sensor means where the light reflected from the object is received by the sensor means. In this disclosure there is described in detail apparatus for identifying and sorting various types of returnable bottles such as soft drink bottles by scanning across the bottles, the light reflected from the bottle graphics providing a coded signal or signature representing the bottle type. The identification is accomplished by considering such signature features as number of peaks, largest gap, area under curve, summation of difference between consecutive data points and the ratio of the area to the difference summation. The values obtained for the features are then matched with known feature bounds to provide the identification.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optical design for a variable focal length lens of large effective aperture which is focusable over an extended range including the "macro" range and is provided with a high degree of correction.