Abstract: In apparatus for removing water and impurity components from sand, there are provided a rotary member having an opening at one end for charging and discharging sand and a filter for passing water. The rotary member is supported by a support and driven by a variable speed motor. Piston-cylinders or the like are provided for tilting the support. In a modified embodiment, two of the rotary bodies are juxtaposed with their openings faced each other. A peripheral wall of the rotary member is provided with a member of perforations for discharging water separated from sand.

Abstract: A pressure regulating system for a hemodialysis machine utilizes a deaeration pump and a regulator in a deaeration loop for minimizing pressure and flow transients in a heated water supply. The deaeration loop has the pump, a deaeration pressure regulator, a deaerator, and a back pressure regulator. The pump produces a negative pressure in heated water entering the deaeration pressure regulator to circulate the water in the deaeration loop and to enhance removal of air from the water. The back pressure regulator controls the loop water pressure to a value greater than the incoming water pressure and supplies water to the dialyzer system of the machine isolated from supply water pressure and flow variations.

Abstract: A skimmer is provided for a swimming pool and is constructed in a manner similar to conventional skimmers for a pool so far as the water inlet and filter basket is concerned. Instead of pulling water through the filter basket to the recirculating pump for the pool, however, a water outlet is provided from the bottom of the basket holding cavity of the skimmer; and return water for supply back to the pool is provided by the recirculating pump to an entrainment nozzle device located at the bottom of the filter cavity to pull additional water through the filter cavity to mix with the return water, all of which is supplied to the water outlet located beneath the pool water surface level. Consequently, even if the filter basket should be completely clogged, the water flow through the recirculating system for the pool is not impeded, since the filter basket is not in the primary recirculating path of the pool system.

Abstract: A cooking oil filter system comprises a pre-filter for removing relatively large particles from cooking oil and a second filter assembly connected to the pre-filter outlet for removing smaller size particles. A first, inlet manifold connects the drain outlets of a series of cooking vats to the pre-filter inlet, while a second, outlet or return manifold connects the outlet of the second filter assembly to an inlet on each of the cooking vats. Valves are provided in the inlet manifold path between each vat outlet and the pre-filter, and in the outlet manifold path between the second filter assembly and each of the vat inlets. A suitable control assembly controls opening and closing of the valves to control connection of each cooking vat into the oil re-circulating and filtering system.

Abstract: A skimming device for a swimming pool includes an elongated rectangular frame having a screen extending within the area bounded by the frame. A telescoping elongated handle is connected to the frame and extends in the same plane as said frame but outwardly therefrom. The angle of the handle can be adjusted to extend upwardly and outwardly from the frame thereby allowing a person to hold the handle while suspending the device in an in-ground swimming pool to thereby skim the surface of the water as he or she walks around the edge of the pool. The handle can also be adjusted to extend directly outwardly from the upper part of the frame so that the handle can rest on the upper edge of an above ground pool as the skimming device skims the surface of the water.

Abstract: Double valve apparatus is used in a swimming pool chlorinating system for injecting chlorine gas into a swimming pool when a swimming pool pump is operating. Two valve elements move on and off two valve seats for preventing air from bleeding back to the water pump when the pump is not operating and for preventing back pressure in the system from introducing water into the chlorine gas line.

Abstract: The filter device comprises a filter chamber, a water supply chamber associated with the filter chamber and an aspiration tube, having a first and inserted in the water supply chamber and a second end which is immersable in an aquarium. The device also comprises a centrifugal pump adapted for feeding water to the filter chamber, and an impeller housed in an impeller chamber having an aspiration port, whereon the first end of the aspiration tube is selectively positionable. The impeller is associated with a permanent magnet rotor contained in a watertight cylindrical body, externally embraced by a cluster of stator windings. The filter chamber has a water outlet and houses a container adapted for accommodating filter elements.

Abstract: A method of controlling the fouling potential of macroinvertebrates, such as mollusks, in aqueous systems which comprises adding to the system an effective controlling amount of a water-soluble alkyl guanidine salt wherein the alkyl group has from about 8 to about 18 carbons.

Abstract: A filtration device provided with two rigid surfaces and two or more pneumatic supports disposed therebetween; one pneumatic support is mounted on each of the rigid surfaces. Two or more flexible tubular filtration elements are disposed in one or more rows between the pneumatic supports; in each row, the flexible tubular filtration elements are in parallel alignment.

Abstract: A metal microfilter foil is provided with a supporting structure made up of two layers which are deposited on a rear side of the foil. The first layer comprises a plurality of connecting elements of column or web shape which widen at the top to form enlarged portions which merge together to form the second layer leaving open macropores. The continuous supporting structure provides large pores as compared with the micropores of the foil and offer considerable stability.

Abstract: In a method for decreasing the alcohol content of alcohol-containing beverages, particularly wine or sparkling wine, according to the reverse osmosis process, extract substances are added to the dealcoholized beverage. In order to avoid addition of foreign water to the beverage, the alcohol-containing permeate obtained by reverse osmosis from the beverage subjected to dealcoholization is distilled in a vacuum. The permeate water produced therefrom is re-fed to the beverage subjected to the dealcoholization. The amount of permeate distillate removed from the beverage subjected to dealcoholization by the reverse osmosis and subsequent vacuum distillation, which essentially consists of alcohol, is fed to the beverage subjected to the dealcoholization in the form of water, which has also been obtained by vacuum distillation from an additional beverage. In this manner, particularly high quality sparkling wine may be produced.

Abstract: Process for separation and purifying pigment suspensions and suspensions of pigment intermediates in a liquid by means of a membrane separation process, whereby the suspension to be treated is uniformly fed to and circulated through a microfiltration unit containing at least one semi-permeable membrane and the separated liquid flows off through the membrane as permeate which process comprises replacing the permeate gradually by a washing liquid that differs from the first liquid such that the total amount of washing liquid fed into the system is 1 to 15 times the total volume of the initial suspension, and separating the resultant suspension from the liquid by means of conventional filtration or drying apparatus. The process is particularly suitable for processing fine pigment suspensions often obtained in pigment synthesis.

Abstract: A flat annular disc filter paper has a plurality of randomly oriented fibers at its surface. The paper is impregnated with a phenolic resin so as to resist compression of the disc and swelling of the paper. The filter paper is made by soaking the paper in the resin, heating the paper and resin so as to burn and melt the resin into close contact with the paper and rolling the filter paper at a temperature above ambient temperature.

Abstract: Apparatus for use in removing waste from a fish culture system including a tank through which water from the system may be circulated, filters mounted in upright and spaced apart relation across the tank so that the water circulates successively through them, and tubes for injecting air into the water on the upstream side of each filter.

Abstract: Concentration of aqueous solutions of ethylene glycol may be effected by a composite membrane including a glutaraldehyde--crosslined polyvinyl alcohol bonded to a porous layer of polysulfone on a polyester backing.

Abstract: A dual action aquarium filter has a slotted base for placement in the bottom of an aquarium. The base is covered with gravel, allowing water to be filtered through the gravel and into the interior of the base. A tube extends upwardly from the base and is connected to a filtration device containing charcoal and fibrous filter material for a secondary filtering of the aquarium water. The secondary charcoal and fiber filter is contained within a disposable portion of the upwardly extending tube. A motor is mounted on top ofo the tube and is connected to a pump impeller for circulating water up through the tubular filter. Outlet holes are provided beneath the motor for returning the filtered water to the aquarium. In a second embodiment, the secondary charcoal and fiber filter is contained in a removable filter basket disposed above the pump impeller. Water is driven up the tube by the impeller and is allowed to overflow into the filter basket.

Abstract: The floating skimmer has a body fitted with a floating weir and with a suction outlet in its base for connection to a suction hose. A float is provided to keep the body afloat. The float is hinged to a wall of the body. A scuttle valve is provided in a wall of the body and is connected to the float. If the body should rise in the water, the float drops and opens the scuttle valve to admit water to the body and scuttle it so that it sinks to its former level.

Abstract: Sulfate-reducing bacteria present in industrial waste waters can be controlled by using hydrogen peroxide in combination with non-oxidizing organic biocides known to be effective against sulfate-reducing bacteria.

Abstract: Sulfate-reducing bacteria present in industrial waste waters can be controlled by using either the biocide glutaraldehyde or a blend of sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate and disodium ethylene bisdithiocarbamate.

Abstract: A cleaner has in a tank a vacuum pump protected by a float valve above the maximum possible water level and a submersible pump at the bottom and both of these in the tank produce a vacuum for the suction of water against the vacuum, the submersible pump moving the filtered water collected in the lower region of the tank out of the tank past a check valve. The vacuum pump is constructionally combined with a tank cover, so that it can be mounted on differently constructed tanks for different cleaning functions. For wet suction purposes, the associated paper filter bag has a passage opening for the suction connecting pieces, so that the water to be filtered passes through the filter from the inside to the outside.