Abstract: A method and a device for distance protection and location of a fault point on a transmission line based on voltage waves emitted from a measuring point towards a fault point and corresponding waves reflected from a fault point, which are included in a travelling wave model of a transmission line. At certain regular intervals, a measurement is effected of the instantaneous values of the current and the voltage at an end point of the transmission line, for example at a station. Based on these measured values, and with the aid of the travelling wave model, it is possible to calculate the voltage at a number of control points along the transmission line. If the line is energized and the calculated control voltages at two control points have different signs during a time longer than a time corresponding to normal phase difference between the two voltages, there is a fault on the line between these points.

Abstract: A method for generating a graphical figure in a textual markup language used for document composition. A special tag in the mark-up language calls a procedure. The procedure consists of drawing a series of contiguous rectangular boxes, of very small extent in at least one dimension, so as to appear as continuous lines representing the figure. Text can be associated with the tag and included within the figure. The size of the figure then depends on the extent of the text.

Abstract: Tactile sensing apparatus for detecting a tactile sense with an object to-be-handled, comprising a plurality of pressure sensing devices, a processor which processes outputs of the pressure sensing devices, and a touch device which contacts with the respective pressure sensing devices in common, whereby information items on a pressure sense, a viscosity sense and a slip sense are simultaneously detected with the outputs of the pressure sensing devices which vary depending upon a direction and a magnitude of a force acting on the touch device.

Abstract: A modular function generator for generating a plurality of analog waveforms for use in an NMR imaging system. The function generator includes a plurality of waveform synthesizer modules which are interconnected by a main bus to a central controller CPU. Each synthesizer is adapted to produce one analog waveform for the NMR imaging system. A synthesizer module includes a memory and an address sequencer which produces a sequence of addresses which control the retrieval of data from the memory. Each data world of the memory contains several fields. An instruction field and a general data field control the address sequencer so that the sequence of addresses is, in turn, controlled by the memory data. Other fields from the memory define analog and digital outputs produced by the synthesizer module. The fields are generated by program control means which are organized to have data segments which define a set of elementary analog waveform segments and subroutines which are controlled by a main program.

Abstract: The moving map display screen makes it possible to display the relief of the area overflown by an aircraft as a function of the altitude of the latter.A moving-spot video reader analyses by radial scanning the relief of the area to be overflown and recorded on a film. In a processing circuit, the instantaneous altitude of the analyzed point is supplied in digital form to three comparators, where it is compared to three different values as a function of the aircraft altimeter. The result of this comparison makes it possible to classify this altitude in a range relative to the instantaneous altitude of the aircraft. A transcoder allocates to each range a particular digital value corresponding to a given shade. A display means reproduces the relief of the analyzed area with the aid of several conventional shades.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improvement in a method for the synchronization of a material web, particularly a photosensitive material web in a photo typesetting process. Typically, an optical path is transverse to the direction of motion of a material web normally transportable with an approximately constant transport speed. The web is deflected into deflection lines, and if necessary scanned, to have images exposed. The transport speed and the deflection speed are controllable by common clock pulses. At the beginning of each deflection line, a reference signal (SOL) for time and deflection position is generated. In order to retain, in case of an interruption of the scanning, the regular scanning structure of the scanning on the material web, the following steps are provided as an improvement. In case of an interruption of the scanning, reference signals are generated while line-wise deflection of the optical path is continued.

Abstract: An integrated circuit device for an electronic equipment having an internal bus, the integrated circuit device comprising a plurality of input terminals, a switch circuit connected to the plurality of input terminals for selecting any one of a respective plurality of input signals via the plurality of input terminals, a switch control circuit for controlling the switch circuit to select any one of the input signals in dependence on a selection signal, an analog-to-digital converter for converting the selected input signal from the switch circuit into a corresponding serial digital signal, and a bus interface circuit connected to the internal bus for sending the serial digital signal from the analog-to-digital converter to the internal bus and for sending the selection signal from the internal bus to the switch control circuit.

Abstract: A circuit module for general use in microcomputer based systems, such as time-of-use electronic utility meters, which maintains realtime clock calendar information even through long term power outages of 12 hours or more without the use of batteries. Realtime computations are protected by combining a very low power realtime clock calendar integrated circuit with a large capacitor as a secondary power source. The circuit module provides a reference clock calendar for the associated microcomputer. The module includes a capacitor charging circuit deriving power from a primary power source, a crystal oscillator time base circuit and a memory read/write protect circuit. During a power failure the capacitor, which is disconnected from the primary power source, supplies to the module the necessary power to maintain valid realtime computations.

Abstract: The arithmetic pipeline processor (which is used for computer graphics such as a flight simulator) is a group of boards capable of solving an equation of the formA.sup.m B.sup.n +C.sup.o D.sup.P +E.sup.q F.sup.r +G.sup.s H.sup.twhere A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H are 32-bit implied one floating point numbers, and m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t can take on the values 1/4, 1/2, 1, 2 and 0. It includes a digital logarithmic calculator using shifters and stored tables to perform arithmetic functions such as multiplication, division, squares, square roots, and fourth roots. It comprises two input ports each capable of receiving digital data N bits wide. Included are a log transform unit, a log sum or difference unit and an antilog unit. Following these is an M-bit Aritmetic Logic Unit (ALU) and circuitry for converting between fixed point and floating point numbers. It uses piece wise linear approximation in conjunction with stored slope information in tables to do the transform calculation of logarithms and antilogarithms.

Abstract: A method of optimizing signal timing delays and power consumption through multi-path LSI circuits constructed from a plurality of circuit blocks, each circuit block having associated therewith a plurality of power levels which are selectable to control the timing delays through the circuit block, wherein the method steps include the formation of a power-performance derivative for each circuit block, identifying therefrom the relative contribution to signal delay of the circuit block in the entire multi-path configuration, and selecting the optimum power level for an overall multi-path minimum signal delay condition, through a process of iterative calculation of timing delays through individual circuit blocks and multi-path timing analysis.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for detecting article engagement errors and for calibrating engagement error detection apparatus associated with a plurality of gripper arms (16) of an insertion machine (10). Gripper arms (16) at each of a plurality of insert stations S comprise a first jaw member (24) and a second jaw member (26) which selectively engage articles therebetween. Field-generating means (420) is mounted on one jaw member while a Hall Effect sensor (400) is connected on the other jaw member. The sensed flux density of the generated field is a function of the relative displacement of the first and second jaw members (24,26). A signal generated by the sensor (400) operated in a slide-by mode is related to the separation of the first jaw member (24) and second jaw member (26). If the sensor-generated signal is within predetermined limits of a stored reference signal a proper number of articles are engaged between the first and second jaw members (24,26).

Abstract: Apparatus for verifying the design of a logic circuit composed of a plurality of interconnected logic elements comprises a plurality of hardware gates, each of which is programmable so as to correspond to and emulate an element in said logic circuit. Each hardware gate has an output and at least two inputs. A selectively operable interconnection system is provided for establishing a connection between the output of any hardware gate and an input of any hardware gate. A multiplexing system is also provided for operating the interconnection system and determining which, and when, each connection is made between the output of any hardware gate and an input of any hardware gate.

Abstract: A high speed memory access circuit of a CRT display unit generates address signals from a memory cycle controller (20) based on an external write signal provided from the exterior and supplies the address signals to a frame memory (8) structured by dynamic random access memories (81 to 86). The frame memory (8) reads out, based on the address signals, first and second data in parallel, each data being divided into odd number region data and even number regon data. The odd number region data and even number region data of the first data are provided in series through shift registers (313, 323), respectively and the odd number region data and even number region data of the second data are provided in series through shift registers (314, 324), respectively.

Abstract: A solid state overcurrent detector or an overcurrent interruptor using the same provided with a microcomputer for discriminating level of overcurrent and issuing a predetermined time-current characteristic, the microcomputer further comprises a means for actuating a charge-discharge circuit 119, which gives a simulated heat-discharge characteristic to give data for the microcomputer for accurate time-current operation in case a first overcurrent is such an amount not to interrupt the circuit and another overcurrent arises during discharging of heat due to the first overcurrent.

Abstract: A waveform disturbance detection apparatus for detecting disturbances in alternating current electromagnetic energy waveform, the alternating current electromagnetic energy waveform having a plurality of periodic, substantially similar cycles. The detection apparatus comprises converter means for sampling the electromagnetic energy waveform, generating a plurality of samples, and converting the samples into digital signals. The detection apparatus also comprises processing means for evaluating the digital signals so as to detect disturbances in the electromagnetic energy waveform, wherein the processing means detects the disturbances by comparing a particular one of the digital signals that represents a particular one of the samples in a particular one of the cycles with a corresponding one of the digital signals that represents a corresponding one of the samples from the remaining cycles.

Abstract: A method for equalizing the capacitances of a plurality of circuits in order to compensate for different signal transmission delay times within an LSI circuit. The wiring capacitance of the individual circuits are measured and the maximum capacitance value in a circuit group is determined. An equalizing capacitance pattern, which has a capacitance corresponding to the difference between the maximum capacitance value and the capacitance value of an individual circuit, is applied to each individual circuit.

Abstract: A microprocessor based system for monitoring the air pressure within an inflatable device and controlling the supplying of air to or venting of air from the device, as needed. A microprocessor based system controller includes controls for setting a desired air pressure signal and an input for receiving an actual air pressure signal from a pressure transducer connected to the inflatable device. If the desired air pressure signal is less than the actual air pressure signal, the system controller provides a vent control signal for application to an air vent control device to cause venting of air from the inflatable device. If the desired air pressure signal is greater than the actual air pressure signal, the system controller provides a fill control signal for application to an air inflating device to provide air to the inflatable device.

Abstract: Halftone dots are formed pixel by pixel onto a photosensitive film of a size P.times.P in an improved manner by using a screen memory storing thresholds, each of which corresponds to each of m.times.n sub-cells of a halftone dot area of the size S.times.S. In accordance with the invention, four table memories are prepared by respectively storing values ##EQU1## with y.sub.n being the main scanning direction addresses and x.sub.n being the sub-scanning direction addresses. Values read from the first table memory and values read from the second table memory are summed to obtain the sub-scanning reading addresses of the screen memory, while the values read from the third table memory and the values read from the fourth table memory are summed to form the main scanning reading addresses of the screen memory. At this junction, the values (1) to (4) to be stored in each of the table memories are permitted to be residues, taking advantage of the characteristic that the values are periodic.

Abstract: An electronic calculator having unique utility for computation in chemical stoichiometry is described. Push-bottom input keys for stoichiometry are labeled by chemical unit, each of said keys being juxtaposed to an LED indicator light, and said keys being apportioned by line segments on the keyboard into five functional groups. The stoichiometry keys utilize variable conversion factors input by the user to automatically effect arithmetic conversion of a number, input with its chemical unit, into the equivalent number having a different chemical unit, said units being implicitly displayed by illumination of appropriate LED's. For students and others, the invention greatly simplifies the task of computation in chemical stoichiometry.

Abstract: There is disclosed an inspection system which allows the visual inspection of an item and the automatic recordation of the position of a defect or other inspection characteristic in the plane of inspection. In the visual inspection of an electronic circuit card, the card is inserted into a holder which maintains the card in a reference plane which is fixed relative to a plurality of sonic emitters. A microscope or other viewing device is fixed in a predetermined position on a support structure and includes cross hairs or other indicia to allow the visual identification of a particular point on an item that is to be visually inspected. A plurality of sonic receivers are coupled in predetermined positions on the support structure to receive sonic energy generated by the emitters.