Abstract: A process to decarburize steel can include contacting molten iron-containing material with a carbon dioxide in an electric arc furnace, a ladle furnace, or a vacuum degassing unit, or a combination thereof to decarburize at least a portion of the molten iron-containing material. The molten iron-containing material is preferably molten iron oxide.

Abstract: A process for direct reduction of iron ore in a solid state includes exposing briquettes of iron ore fragments and biomass to electromagnetic energy under anoxic conditions and generating heat within iron ore in the briquettes. The iron ore is reduced in a solid state within the briquettes, and the biomass provides a source of reductant.

Abstract: A direct reduction method/system, including: adding variable amounts of natural gas, hydrogen, and a carbon-free oxidizing gas to a feed gas stream upstream of a reformer; reforming the feed gas stream in the reformer to form a reformed gas stream, and delivering the reformed gas stream to a shaft furnace, where the reformed gas stream is used to reduce a metallic ore material to a direct reduced metallic material. The feed gas stream includes a top gas stream recycled from the shaft furnace. Optionally, the carbon-free oxidizing gas includes steam and the method further includes controlling a steam flow rate of the steam to maintain a maximum k-factor value of the feed gas stream of 0.74 or lower. Optionally, the variable amount of hydrogen is selected to replace 20-90% of the natural gas by fuel value. The variable amount of hydrogen is selected based upon an available supply of hydrogen.

Abstract: A method for regenerating different types of copper-containing aluminum alloys using aluminum alloy scrap from aeronautical industry includes detecting a chemical composition of said aluminum alloy scrap and optionally adding a suitable amount of a metal or alloy additive according to a composition requirement of a target aluminum-copper alloy, thereby obtaining a mixture of aluminum alloy scrap and metal or alloy additive; vacuum smelting the mixture of aluminum alloy scrap and metal or alloy additive in a vacuum furnace, wherein impurities are removed and an aluminum alloy solution is formed; filtering the aluminum alloy solution using a filter to obtain a melt comprising a target aluminum alloy composition; and casting the target aluminum alloy composition from said melt.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a slag conditioning agent for steel desulfurization is shown in which a dried slag material Obtained from a secondary steelmaking process is mixed with quicklime particles. The quicklime particles react with moisture in the slag material to dry the slag material and produce a blend of slag material, hydrated lime and any unreacted quicklime. The blend is then sieved to separate out the hydrated lime. The retained dried fraction after sieving is then mixed with an Al2O3 mass fraction from which the slag conditioning agent can be collected. The slag conditioning agent has an equivalent mass ratio which is between 0.55 and 1.5.

Abstract: A metal component is disclosed. The metal component has a first dimension greater than 5 mm, and a second dimension greater than 5 mm. The metal component may include where the alloy includes titanium, aluminum, vanadium, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. The alloy may include zirconium, titanium, copper, nickel, and beryllium. The metal component is not die-cast, melt-spun, or forged. An ejector and a method for jetting the metal component is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for producing an aqueous solution containing nickel or cobalt includes: (A) a leaching step, which includes a first atmospheric pressure heating leaching step and a second atmospheric pressure heating leaching step, in which a raw material is heated and leached under an atmospheric pressure to form a leachate solution containing nickel, cobalt, and impurities; (B) a first extraction step of separating the leachate solution into a first filtrate containing nickel and impurities and a first organic layer containing cobalt and impurities by adding a first solvent extractant to the leachate solution; (C-i) a precipitation removal step of precipitating and removing impurities including magnesium, calcium, or a mixture thereof by adding a precipitating agent to the first filtrate; and (D-i) a target material precipitation step of selectively precipitating a nickel cake containing nickel by adding a neutralizing agent to the first filtrate.

Abstract: Provided is a method which allows for strict control of an oxygen partial pressure required for the heating and melting of a raw material, and thereby more efficient recovery of a valuable metal. The method for recovering a valuable metal (Cu, Ni, and Co) includes the steps of: preparing a charge comprising at least phosphorus (P) and a valuable metal as a raw material; heating and melting the raw material to form a molten body and then converting the molten body into a molten product comprising an alloy and a slag; and separating the slag from the molten product to recover the alloy comprising the valuable metal, wherein the heating and melting of the raw material comprises directly measuring an oxygen partial pressure in the molten body using an oxygen analyzer, and regulating the oxygen partial pressure based on the obtained measurement result.

Abstract: A process for producing a solder product and a copper product from a first lead-tin based metal composition having at least 40% wt of copper and at least 5.0% wt together of tin and lead. The process includes the steps of partially oxidizing a first liquid bath having the first lead-tin based metal composition, thereby forming a first dilute copper metal composition and a first solder refining slag, followed by separating the slag from the metal composition, and partially oxidizing a second liquid bath having the first dilute copper metal composition, thereby forming a first high-copper metal composition and a third solder refining slag, followed by separating the third solder refining slag from the first high-copper metal composition, whereby the solder product is derived from the first solder refining slag.

Abstract: A metastable ? titanium alloy is provided, which includes, by weight percent, between 24 and 45% niobium, between 0 and 20% zirconium, between 0 and 10% tantalum and/or between 0 and 1.5% silicon and/or less than 2% oxygen, said alloy having a crystallographic structure containing: a mix of austenitic phase and alpha phase; and a presence of omega phase precipitates the volume fraction of which is less than 10%. Also provided is a timepiece spring made from such an alloy and a method for producing such a spring.

Abstract: There is provided a method for manufacturing a rare earth sintered magnet by many times repetitively finely pulverizing a rare earth alloy on a jet mill by supplying high-pressure nitrogen gas to narrow grain size distribution to make an easy alignment in a magnetic field, and by micronizing crystal grains by using a hydrogenation-disproportionation-desorption-recombination (HDDR) process, to improve the coercivity and thermostability of the rare earth sintered magnet.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of a galvannealed steel sheet including the provision of a specific steel sheet, a recrystallization annealing with specific heating, soaking and cooling sub-steps using an inert gas, a hot-dip galvanizing and an alloying treatment; the galvannealed steel sheet and the use of the galvannealed steel sheet.

Abstract: Processes and methods for refining ferronickel alloy, and producing nickel sulfate or other nickel product, are provided, where the ferronickel alloy is treated with an oxidizing leach. The oxidizing leach may be, for example, a pressure oxidation (POX) leach or a leach with peroxide or copper (II) ions. The treatment may be in the presence of added copper, such as by providing a copper sulfate solution. Producing nickel sulfate may comprise removing copper and iron after the leach, removing impurities, and either crystallizing the nickel sulfate or precipitating/winning another nickel product.

Abstract: A method includes applying a material coating to a surface of a machine component, wherein the material coating is formed from a combination of a hardfacing material, aluminum-containing particles, and a braze material. The method also includes thermally treating the material coating at a temperature to generate an oxide layer comprising aluminum from the aluminum-containing particles, wherein the oxide layer is configured to reduce oxidation of the hardfacing material, and the braze material is configured to facilitate binding between the material coating and the surface of the machine component.

Abstract: A cemented carbide including an eta phase and a Ni—Al binder is provided. The Ni—Al binder includes intermetallic y?-Ni3Al -precipitates embedded in a substitutional solid solution matrix of Al and Ni. A weight ratio Al/Ni of between 0.03 to 0.10, wherein a total amount of Ni and Al is between 70 to 95 wt % of the total binder A method of making a cutting tool is also provided.

Abstract: An inoculant for manufacturing cast iron with lamellar, compacted or spheroidal graphite is disclosed. The inoculant has a particulate ferrosilicon alloy having 40 and 80% by weight of silicon, 0.5-5 wt % of calcium and/or strontium and/or barium, 0-10 wt % of rare earths, 0-5 wt % of magnesium, less than 5% by weight of aluminium, 0-10 wt % of manganese and/or zirconium, and the balance being iron, wherein the inoculant additionally contains 0.1-10 wt % of particulate bismuth oxide particles and optionally 0.1-10 wt % of one or more particulate metal sulphides and/or one or more particulate iron oxides, where the particulate bismuth oxide is mixed or blended with the ferrosilicon particles, or is simultaneously added to cast iron together with the particulate ferrosilicon particles.

Abstract: According to examples, a brown body has from about 0.02 wt. % to about 10 wt. % of a metal nanoparticle binder, in which the metal nanoparticle binder is selectively located within an area of the brown body to impart a strength greater than about 1 kPa to the area.

Abstract: A method for extracting secondary metal values from a sulfuric acid leachate is provided. The method includes providing a leachate which contains a primary metal and a plurality of secondary metals, wherein the primary metal is selected from the group consisting of Cu, Li and Ni and is derived from sulfuric acid leaching of an ore; passing the leachate through a first ion exchange resin which is selective to, and releasably binds, the plurality of secondary metals; stripping the plurality of secondary metals from the second or third ion exchange resins, thereby obtaining a first extract; and recovering the secondary metals from the first extract.

Abstract: Articles and methods for processing aluminum are generally described. The aluminum can include compositions of gallium and/or indium such that the aluminum is activated to react with water.

Abstract: Methods of recovering precious metals from unconventional feed water sources. In approaches, the methods use a combination of one or more of ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and/or reverse osmosis membranes. The unconventional feed water source may be salt lake brines, coal-fired plant flue-gas scrubber blowdown water, high salinity brines, concentrated brine from desalination of seawater and the like sources. The recovered precious metals may include gold tetrachloride, gold sulfate, silver tetrachloride, silver sulfate, rare earth elements, or mixtures thereof.