Abstract: An apparatus and a process for modifying the surface energy of particles using a reactive gas or reactive energetic species generated in an excited and/or unstable gas stream is provided. The apparatus and process incorporates a process container, a portion of which is movable and having a shape in which the particles are tumbled during exposure to the energetic species. The resulting surface treatment allows the energy modified particles to be more easily dispersed in a liquid medium with a reduction in the occurrence of particle agglomeration or flocculation.

Abstract: Disclosed are solar-reflective roofing and other building materials having high reflectance of near-infrared radiation and high transmission of radiation in the visible light range and a substantial emissivity so as to reduce the heat island effects experienced by the articles while also maintaining an aesthetically pleasing appearance. Also disclosed are related methods for fabrication of such materials.

Abstract: A method of spray coating a surface having a magnesium base is provided. The method includes, in sequence, applying a magnesium oxidizing agent onto the surface; determining whether an entirety of the surface has oxidized as a result of applying the magnesium oxidizing agent onto the surface; and spray coating the surface.

Abstract: The present invention related to a silicon based coating suitable for being applied onto metallic surfaces of a household appliance. The coating of the present invention protects the metallic surfaces of the household appliance against the yellowing or changes in color, through temperatures, among other factors, and eases the cleaning of the same.

Abstract: Provided is a method of making a composite ceramic material for a fuel cell. The composite ceramic material for the fuel cell forms a cored structure where perovskite ceramic particles having a small particle diameter surround lanthanum cobaltite particles having a large particle diameter. Lanthanum cobaltite is added as a starting material in a process of synthesizing the perovskite ceramic particles. The composite ceramic material for the fuel cell made according to this method improves an electric connection characteristic between a separation plate and a polar plate of the fuel cell, and is chemically and mechanically stable.

Abstract: Described herein is a method of depositing a plasma resistant ceramic coating onto a surface of a chamber component using a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) deposition process, such as atomic layer deposition (ALD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The plasma resistant ceramic coating consists of an erbium containing oxide, an erbium containing oxy-fluoride, or an erbium containing fluoride. Also described are chamber components having a plasma resistant ceramic coating of an erbium containing oxide, an erbium containing oxy-fluoride, or an erbium containing fluoride.

Abstract: Techniques, processes and structures are disclosed for providing markings on products, such as electronic devices. For example, the markings can be formed using physical vapor deposition (PVD) processes to deposit a layer of material. The markings or labels may be textual and/or graphic. The markings are deposited on a compliant layer that is disposed on a surface to be marked. The compliant layer is arranged to isolate the surface to be marked from the layer of material deposited using the PVD process.

Abstract: A method of fabricating transition metal dichalcogenides includes a preparing step, a steaming step and a depositing step. The preparing step is performed for providing a transition metal substrate, a reactive gas and a solid chalcogenide. The steaming step is performed for heating the solid chalcogenide to generate a chalcogenide gas in a steaming space. The depositing step is performed for introducing the reactive gas into the chalcogenide gas to ionize the chalcogenide gas so as to generate a chalcogenide plasma in a depositing space. The depositing step is performed under a process vacuum pressure from low vacuum pressure to atmospheric pressure. The reactive gas and the chalcogenide gas are flowed from top to bottom through a top of the transition metal substrate. The loading substrate is heated at a loading substrate temperature, and the steaming space is different from the depositing space.

Abstract: Method of measuring the thickness of a layer by a light source irradiating the layer with a light beam, which light source is controlled by a sinusoidal control signal having a modulation frequency fm so that the light beam presents optical power that is sinusoidally modulated at the modulation frequency, the measurement method consisting in: using detector elements to determine a calibration phase shift (??cal) between the optical power and the control signal; heating the layer with the light beam; using the detector elements to detect a sinusoidal component of a heat flux radiated by the layer; calculating a phase shift (??th/opt) between the sinusoidal component of the radiated heat flux and the optical power of the light beam while taking account of the calibration phase shift; and determining the thickness of the layer of material as a function of the phase shift (??th/opt).

Abstract: A method of using high push force to fabricate a composite material containing carbon material comprises steps placing a substrate in a carbon material-containing dispersion including a carbon material, and letting one surface of the substrate contact the carbon material-containing dispersion; and providing a high push force range between 300 G and 3000 G to the carbon material-containing dispersion to push the carbon material-containing dispersion and make the carbon material enter the substrate to form a composite material containing the carbon material.

Abstract: A driving method of a vertical heat treatment apparatus having a vertical reaction container with a heating part installed includes: performing a process of loading wafers by a substrate holder support to the reaction container; performing a film forming process of storing a first gas at a storage unit and pressurizing the first gas, and alternatively performing a step of supplying the first gas to the vacuum atmosphere reaction container and a step of supplying the second gas to the reaction container; subsequently performing a purge process of unloading the substrate holder support and supplying a purge gas into the reaction container to forcibly peel off a thin film attached to the reaction container; and while the purge process is performed, performing a process of repeating storing the purge gas at the storage unit, pressurizing the gas and discharging the gas into the reaction container.

Abstract: A method of depositing a thin film on a substrate inside a vacuum chamber includes a first process that deposits a first film on the substrate, the first process including a process of supplying an active species that is obtained by changing a gas to plasma and is related to a quality of the thin film to the substrate; and a second process that deposits a second film that is the same type as that of the first film on the first film, the second process including a process of supplying the active species to the substrate so that a supply quantity of the active species per a unit film thickness is greater than a first supply quantity of the active species per the unit film thickness in the first process by adjusting a controlled parameter.

Abstract: This invention provides a cost-effective hot-dip galvanization process for ferrous metals, which is regardful to the environment and to the health of the personnel.

Abstract: A method for hot-dip coating of a steel strip running in a bath of liquid metal such as zinc, or metal alloy contained in a pan is provided. Dross which are formed during the coating and float at the surface of the bath are moved away from the surface of the strip by at least one inductor. Each inductor produces a sliding electromagnetic field oriented along a given direction and generates a magnetomotive force, and the magnetomotive forces displaced the dross towards a container intended to collect them and/or towards an area of the surface of the bath from which they are discharged. For at least one of the inductors, the direction of the respective sliding electromagnetic field is reversed intermittently so as to modify the flows of the dross inside the pan. A hot dip coating facility is also provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of incorporating lithium into a coating. One may supply a substrate having a coating containing aluminum ions and immersing the substrate including the coating containing aluminum ions in a water-soluble diketone including lithium for exchange where the ketone carbonyls are separated by at least one carbon atom. This may then be followed by exchanging a portion of the aluminum ions with lithium ions from the diketone solution. Such coatings may have improved chemical resistance.

Abstract: Provided that a process for manufacturing an elastic roller having a mandrel and a coating film. The process comprise a first step of forming a coating film on an outer peripheral surface of a first mandrel, and a second step of forming a coating film on an outer peripheral surface of a second mandrel. The process further comprises a cleaning step between the steps. The cleaning step comprising: making a cleaning member arranged coaxially with the central axis of a circular coating head, in a downstream side in a moving direction of the first mandrel with respect to the circular coating head, making the cleaning member relatively approach the circular coating head; bringing a surface to be cleaned into contact with the cleaning member; rotating the cleaning member while the surface comes in contact with the cleaning member; and inserting the cleaning member into the center hole.

Abstract: Disclosed is a wood preservative composition comprising: an ester of boric acid; pentachlorophenol (PCP); and American Wood Preservative Association's (AWPA) P9 Type A solvent. The composition is useful for reducing insect and microbial decay in wood. Further disclosed are methods of making and using such compositions.

Abstract: A high strength galvanized steel sheet excellent in coating adhesiveness is made from a base material that is a high strength steel sheet containing Si, Mn, and Cr. A method includes performing an oxidation treatment on steel containing Si, Mn, and Cr in an oxidation furnace under the condition that a selected exit temperature T, reduction annealing and a galvanizing treatment, or optionally, further an alloying treatment under conditions that heating is performed at a temperature of 460° C. or higher and 600° C. or lower for an alloying treatment time of 10 seconds or more and 60 seconds or less.

Abstract: A method for treating a Cu thin sheet is provided. The method comprises the steps of: supplying a slurry in which a diffusion bonding aid (DBA), such as Ni powder, and a reinforcing material (RM), such as a carbide base metal compound, are dispersed in a solvent to a predetermined portion on a Cu or Cu base alloy thin sheet, drying the supplied slurry, and applying a laser to induce melting, solidification, and fixation, so as to form a buildup layer. In the method, the weight ratio of DBA to RM is specified to be 80:20 to 50:50, and the median diameters D50 of both DBA and RM employed fall within 0.1 to 100 ?m, the median diameter D50 of DBA is larger than the median diameter D50 of RM, and both the distribution ratio D90/D10 of DBA and the distribution ratio D90/D10 of RM are 4.0 or less.

Abstract: The pretreatment method for carbon nanotube formation according to the present invention comprises a first plasma treatment process in which catalytic metal fine particles are formed by applying plasma to a catalytic metal layer and atomizing the catalytic metal, and a second plasma treatment process in which the catalytic metal fine particles are activated by applying plasma of a gas mixture, in which a hydrogen-containing gas and a nitrogen gas are mixed, to the catalytic metal fine particles. A co-catalyst layer formed of nitride such as TiN and TaN is preferably disposed below the catalytic metal layer. The co-catalyst layer is nitrated by the plasma of the gas mixture including the hydrogen-containing gas and the nitrogen gas and the activation ratio of the catalytic metal fine particles is increased.