Abstract: Local birefringence is determined from a scatter signature of a birefringent waveguide. Four copies of a Rayleigh scatter time delay domain signature of the fiber are collected from two orthogonal polarization received states and from two orthogonal polarization launched states to form a Jones transfer matrix. Obtaining the Jones transfer matrix for the waveguide eliminates the need to align the instrument polarization launch state to the birefringence axes. Birefringence is determined from an autocorrelation of a polarization state averaged function calculated from the transfer matrix terms. Alternatively, the transfer matrix is rotated until fast and slow eigenvectors are separated, fast and slow amplitude functions are generated, and a cross-correlation is performed on the fast and slow amplitude functions in order to determine the birefringence.

Abstract: A data transmission method includes receiving, by an optical line terminal (OLT) from an optical network unit (ONU), uplink burst data that includes a synchronization data block and a payload, where the synchronization data block includes first synchronization data, wherein the first synchronization data includes a first preamble and an ONU identifier, and a first bandwidth occupied by the first frequency distribution of the first synchronization data is narrower than a second bandwidth occupied by the second frequency distribution of the payload, and obtaining, by the OLT from the first synchronization data, the ONU identifier.

Abstract: A quantum computer includes a refrigeration system under vacuum including a containment vessel, a qubit chip contained within a refrigerated vacuum environment defined by the containment vessel. The quantum computer further includes a plurality of interior electromagnetic waveguides and a plurality of exterior electromagnetic waveguides. The quantum computer further includes a hermetic connector assembly operatively connecting the interior electromagnetic waveguides to the exterior electromagnetic waveguides while maintaining the refrigerated vacuum environment. The hermetic connector assembly includes an exterior multi-waveguide connector, an interior multi-waveguide connector, and a dielectric plate arranged between and hermetically sealed with the exterior multi-waveguide connector and the interior multi-waveguide connector. The dielectric plate permits electromagnetic energy when carried by the interior and exterior pluralities of electromagnetic waveguides to pass therethrough.

Abstract: A Super System on Chip (SSoC) is disclosed. The Super System on Chip (SSoC)'s input/outputs are coupled with a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), wherein the Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) can generally include a phase transition material or a phase change material. The Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) is coupled with a first optical waveguide in two-dimensions (2-D) or three-dimensions (3-D). The first optical waveguide is coupled with (i) a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) or (ii) a second optical waveguide that can include a nonlinear optical material in two-dimensions (2-D) or three-dimensions (3-D). Furthermore, the semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) may be replaced by an optical resonator.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present application provide a method and apparatus for opening a quiet window, and a registration method, apparatus and system. The method for opening a quiet window includes that: a first quiet window is opened when it is determined that the first quiet window needs to be opened, wherein the first quiet window is used for Optical Network Unit (ONU) discovery. According to the embodiments of the present application, a first quiet window is opened only when it is determined that the first quiet window needs to be opened, rather than periodically opening the first quiet window, such that the efficiency of the first quiet window is improved and the impact of the first quiet window on a data transmission delay is reduced, thereby reducing a transmission delay of a Passive Optical Network (PON) system.

Abstract: A breakdown determination system includes a switching device that switches a transmission path of optical signals between an upper network and a lower network, one or more intermediate communication devices that relay communication between the upper network and the lower network, a selection device that selects a standby port of the intermediate communication devices, a measurement device that connects to the selected standby port via the switching device and measures an optical signal of the connected standby port, a determination device that determines whether an intermediate communication device including the selected standby port breaks down based on a result of measuring the optical signal, and a storage device that stores a result of determining whether the intermediate communication device breaks down.

Abstract: A server that performs optical transmission using an optical transmission line includes a transmitter that transmits an optical signal to another server, a receiver that receives the optical signal from the other server, a storage device that stores data and an error correction code (ECC) added to the data, and a control unit that controls conversion of the data and the ECC into the optical signal, conversion of the optical signal into the data and the ECC, and error correction of the data using the ECC, and a transmission distance of the optical transmission line is a transmission distance for which an error rate does not exceed an allowable value of the error rate before correction which makes the error rate after correction based on the error correction using the ECC be equal to or less than a reference error rate.

Abstract: Techniques for identifying sources of degradations within a PON include detecting that an optical profile of a segment of the PON is outside of a designated operating range, and comparing the drift over time of the segment's optical profile with respective drifts over time of optical profiles of other PON segments, each of which shares an OLT or a last mile termination unit with the segment as a common endpoint. Each segment's optical profile corresponds to characteristics of optical signals delivered over the segment (e.g., attenuation, changes in frequencies, changes in power outputs, etc.). The differences between the segments' drift(s) over time are utilized to determine the source of a degradation within the PON, and may be utilized to identify a particular component of the segment (e.g., the OLT, the last mile termination unit, or an optical fiber included in the segment) as being the source of the degradation.

Abstract: A communication network includes a coherent optics transmitter, a coherent optics receiver, an optical transport medium operably coupling the coherent optics transmitter to the coherent optics receiver, and a coherent optics interface. The coherent optics interface includes a lineside interface portion, a clientside interface portion, and a control interface portion.

Abstract: A network node for a Data Communication Network (DCN) and a network device for providing traffic to the DCN are provided. The network node is configured to receive a plurality of packets carrying DCN messages; determine, from the received packets, a first set of packets addressed to other network nodes of the DCN. The network node is then configured to forward the first set of packets over a Time-Division-Multiplexing (TDM) connection, in particular over an Optical Data Unit-k (ODUk) connection, to a determined network node of the DCN. According to the application, a high bandwidth efficiency is maintained, and the number of interfaces to be managed on a controller is reduced.

Abstract: An optical module includes a shell, a circuit board, a light source and a silicon optical chip. The light source is configured to emit light. The silicon optical chip includes a modulator, and the modulator is configured to receive the light emitted by the light source and modulate the light into an optical signal. The circuit board includes a first sampling circuit, a second sampling circuit and a processing circuit. The first sampling circuit is configured to generate a first sampling signal. The second sampling circuit is configured to generate a second sampling signal. The processing circuit is configured to receive the first sampling signal and the second sampling signal, and send a driving signal to the modulator according to a difference between an amplitude of the first sampling signal and an amplitude of the second sampling signal, so as to control an electric heating of the modulator.

Abstract: An intelligent subsystem coupled with a Super System on Chip (SSoC)/microprocessor, a radio transceiver, a voice processing module/voice processing algorithm, a display component, one or more camera sensors/computational cameras for three-dimensional (3-D) sensing of the surroundings, a near-field communication device, a biometric sensor, an artificial eye, a biological lab-on-chip (LOC)/DNA sequencing biomodule, an intelligent learning algorithm and an algorithm for three-dimensional (3-D) perception is disclosed. The Super System on Chip (SSoC) includes memristors. The intelligent subsystem can respond to a user's interests and/or preferences, provide telepresence and perceive the surroundings. Furthermore, the intelligent subsystem is sensor-aware or context-aware.

Abstract: An intelligent subsystem coupled with a radio transceiver, a voice processing module, an intelligent (smart) camera, a first set of computer implementable instructions in an artificial intelligence algorithm and a fuzzy logic algorithm (stored in one or more non-transitory storage medias) and a second set of computer implementable instructions to provide a search on an internet in response to a user's interest/preference (stored in the one or more non-transitory storage medias), wherein the first set of computer implementable instructions and the second set of computer implementable instructions are combined/integrated or separated.

Abstract: An item of ONU equipment configures itself for communicating via a first transport system with an item of OLT equipment in an optical access network, and starts a synchronisation for the first transport system and transmits via the first transport system. The OLT equipment transmits, via a protocol layer fitting on top of the entire transport system of the optical access network, without waiting for the synchronisation for the first transport system to have ended, a message indicating which transport system is to be used by the ONU equipment. When the transport system to be used by the ONU equipment is the first transport system, the synchronisation continues the first communication system, otherwise the synchronisation is restarted for the second transport system.

Abstract: An intelligent subsystem comprising a microprocessor, a foldable/stretchable display, radio modules/transceivers, a first set of computer implementable instructions for intelligent learning (that can include (i) artificial intelligence or an artificial neural network and (ii) fuzzy logic) and a second set of computer implementable instructions in natural language is disclosed. The intelligent subsystem can (i) respond to a user's interests and/or preferences and (ii) provide a peer-to-peer transaction. Furthermore, the intelligent subsystem can be sensor-aware or context-aware.

Abstract: An intelligent subsystem is disclosed that comprises a system-on-a-chip (SoC)/microprocessor, a radio transceiver and a microphone/voice processing module (which includes one or more electronic components), wherein the, intelligent subsystem is communicatively interfaced with a first set of computer implementable instructions in natural language, a second set of computer implementable instructions in artificial intelligence and a third set of computer implementable instructions to provide a search on an internet based on a user's interest/preference, wherein the first set of computer implementable instructions, the second set of computer implementable instructions and the third set of computer implementable instructions are stored in one or more cloud-based non-transitory storage media.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatus for device pairing are described. A first device may transmit one or more codes to a second device via a first protocol. The second device may prioritize the one or more codes. After receiving the one or more codes, the devices may initiate automated pairing. After concluding the automated pairing, the devices may communicate via a second protocol.

Abstract: An intelligent subsystem comprising a system-on-a-chip (that can include a microprocessor and a graphic/graphical processor), a foldable/stretchable display, radio modules/transceivers, a first set of computer implementable instructions for intelligent learning (that can include (i) artificial intelligence or an artificial neural network and (ii) fuzzy logic) and a second set of computer implementable instructions in natural language is disclosed. The intelligent subsystem can (i) respond to a user's interests and/or preferences and (ii) provide a peer-to-peer transaction. Furthermore, the intelligent subsystem can be sensor-aware or context-aware.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for performing quantum annealing using a quantum system. In one aspect, a method includes controlling the quantum system such that a total Hamiltonian characterizing the quantum system evolves from an initial quantum Hamiltonian to a problem quantum Hamiltonian, wherein controlling the quantum system comprises applying an inhomogeneous driving field to the quantum system to drive the quantum system across a quantum phase transition.

Abstract: Methods and systems for a keyword search using a messenger service may be provided. A keyword search method may provide a search result to users based on instant messages transmitted and received through a messenger service.