Abstract: An air-fuel ratio control apparatus comprises a broad range air-fuel ratio sensor to detect continuously an air-fuel ratio on the basis of components of exhaust gas from an engine, a determining means to determine a correction coefficient by obtaining an error between the target air-fuel ratio and an actual air-fuel ratio, an integrating means to integrate the correction coefficient, a non-volatile memory to store the integrated value as information of correction in relation to operational conditions of the engine, a processing means to calculate a basic fuel injection quantity on the basis of the operational conditions of the engine, and a correction means to correct the basic fuel injection quantity depending on the information of correction.

Abstract: A method for increasing the reliability and remaining useful life of a system of boiler tubes. The present condition of boiler tubes is ascertained and a temperature profile is developed. Additional operating parameters are obtained and used to model the tube system. The model is manipulated to predict a modification which will cause increased tube system life and reliability. The tubes are modified according to the model.

Abstract: A system and a method for detecting an engine revolution speed, identifying engine cylinders, and controlling an engine operation according to the detected engine revolution speed and identified engine cylinders in which a crank angle sensor includes a rotor plate which rotates in synchronization with a rotation of an engine crankshaft, a plurality of first slits whose number corresponds to the number of cylinders and which are mutually arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the rotor plate, and second slit, both first and second slits being aligned on the same circumferential direction, the sensor outputting a pulse train signal including a first signal corresponding to a first crank angle position before a top dead center in a compression stroke and a second signal corresponding to a second crank angle position after the top dead center in the compression stroke of a first engine cylinder and a microcomputer executes a fuel injection quantity and/or ignition timing control on the

Abstract: A slip angle monitoring system directly compares an absolute value of lateral acceleration with an experimentarily derived given value which serves as a slip criterion to determine slip angle of a vehicle. Slip angle is set at zero while the absolute value of the lateral acceleration is smaller than or equal to the given value. On the other hand, when the absolute value is greater than the given value, the slip angle is derived by dividing the lateral acceleration by the longitudinal acceleration or by taking the minus one power of the tangent of the quotient obtained by dividing the lateral acceleration by the longitudinal acceleration, that is, the cotangent of the quotient.

Abstract: This invention relates to a technique and system (34) for clustering a set of data points (18) in a data field. Clustering is performed by a set of rules which make no assumptions about the data fields. That is, the number of clusters, the distance between clusters, etc., need not be specified in advance. The invention calculates a distance R that is a function of the distances between each pair of points (18) in a data field. Operating on a chosen point, a parameter is calculated for each neighboring point within distance R from the chosen point. This parameter is proportional to the distance of the neighboring point to the chosen point. The chosen point P is then connected to a neighboring point on the basis of this parameter. All points, in any order are operating on as the new chosen point, so that the additional points may be linked to new chosen points in a similar manner. In this way, a tree-structure (22, 24) of connected points will form the desired clustering.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for controlling actuation of a passenger restraint system in a vehicle. The apparatus includes an accelerometer for providing a time domain vibratory electric signal having frequency components indicative of a vehicle crash condition. An A/D converter converts the accelerometer signal into a digitized signal. A fast Fourier transform device transforms the digitized time domain vibratory electric signal over at least two time intervals into frequency domain signals. The amplitudes of all the frequency bins over the entire frequency spectrum for each frequency domain signal are summed to provide a value corresponding to the integral of the amplitudes of all the frequency bins over the entire frequency spectrum for the associated frequency domain signal. The integral values of the frequency domain signals are summed.

Abstract: A flight path control apparatus for controlling an aircraft to execute a capture maneuver of a predetermined heading or track and provide a roll correction signal for controlling the path of said aircraft along an exponential transition curve. The corrective heading or track signal .DELTA..psi. is generated in accordance with ##EQU1## where .DELTA..psi. is the magnitude of the corrective heading or track command signal,g is a constant corresponding to the acceleration of gravity,V.sub.t is the true airspeed of the aircraft,.tau. is a predetermined constant of aircraft roll rate,.phi..sub.i is the roll angle of the aircraft at the initiation of the capture maneuver,.phi..sub.i is the time rate of change of the roll angle of the aircraft at initiation of the capture maneuver, and.phi..sub.M is a predetermined maximum time rate of change of roll rate of the aircraft during the capture maneuver.

Abstract: An adaptation value memory is used for a learning control method having precontrol for an internal combustion engine and a corresponding apparatus. The adaptation value memory has a predetermined number of support points which are addressable via data records of values of address operating values. A learning operation is initiated if a support point region is left during operation of the internal combustion engine and if steady state operation was present therebefore. The adaptation value of the above-mentioned support point is changed by the learning operation when a control means issues an actuating variable which deviates from a desired actuating variable. The actuating variable deviation is not applied in full strength, instead, it is applied attenuated to change the old adaptation value. This is performed by means of an attenuation means which, as main function groups, has a learning intensity table 26, a counter read memory 27 and a counter difference table 28.

Abstract: Device and apparatus for determining a target value of a controllable variable such as a drive torque associated with a running state of a motor vehicle, so that the variable is controlled so as to coincide with the determined target value. Initially, a basic value used as a basis for determining the target value is determined depending upon at least a currently required output of the vehicle engine which is represented by an accelerator pedal operating amount, for example. Then, control rules for compensating the basic value are defined based on at least one parameter indicative of a running condition of the vehicle, such as a vehicle weight and a road gradient. Finally, a compensation factor for compensating the basic value to obtain the target value is determined based on the control rules according to a fuzzy set theory.

Abstract: An anti-skid brake control system is associated with a control system for a power train which controls power train operation mode between a four-wheel drive mode, in which all four wheels are coupled with an automotive internal combustion engine to be distributed torque according to a controlled distribution ratio of an engine driving torque, and a two-wheel drive mode, in which two auxiliary driving wheels are disconnected from the engine to be free from engine driving torque and two driving wheels are connected to the engine to receive the engine driving torque. The anti-skid brake control system is so associated with the power train control system as to normally set the power train operation mode into the two-wheel drive mode during active state of anti-skid brake control, and to set the power train operation mode into the four-wheel driven mode in response to wheel slippage at the primary driving wheels greater than a predetermined threshold value.

Abstract: An automatic car-speed controller is provided with a car-speed sensor, a command switch, a car-speed memory, an actuator, a driving motor, an abnormality detector for detecting an abnormality in an electromagnetic clutch of the actuator by detecting the time required for returning a throttle to the fully closed position from the position at which the electromagnetic clutch is released, and a control system for making the actuator inoperative when the abnormality detector detects an abnormality in the electromagnetic clutch.

Abstract: An inertial transformation matrix generator generates a succession of Euler transformation matrices in inertial coordinates, and is useful for converting to inertial coordinates the responses of a sensor hard mounted on the hull of a craft (e.g., an aircraft). First, second and third rate-sensing gyros located proximately to said sensor are strapped down to the craft hull, and are oriented to sense the motion of the craft hull in three mutually orthogonal directions, for providing respective output signals indicative of components of craft hull motion in each of those three mutually orthogonal directions. The output signals of the gyros are digitized, and based on these digital signals successive incremental Euler transformation matrices are generated.

Abstract: Automatically reconfiguring an electronic landing display that includes a flight path vector (FPV) symbol and a rising runway symbol combined with a digital altitude value that merge at low aircraft altitudes is disclosed. During approach, when the aircraft descends below a predetermined minimum altitude, e.g., 200 feet, the FPV symbol is removed. When the aircraft is on the ground and during takeoff, the rising runway symbol is removed. Removing one or the other of the merging symbols prevents the symbols from overlapping. Thus, the potential for pilot error due to one of the merging symbols occluding the other is avoided.

Abstract: A bridge-type "hot wire" flowmeter is temperature compensated by selecting the values of a power resistor, a ballast resistor and a calibration resistor in accordance with an iterative numerical solution of a pair of equations of the form.0.=C5*Ti.sup.5 +C4*Ti.sup.4 +C3*Ti.sup.3 +C2*Ti.sup.2 +C1*Ti+C.0..0.=K2*Tr.sup.2 +K1*Tr+K.0.wherein the ideal temperature Ti to which the self-heated resistor should be heated for ideal temperature compensation and the real temperature Tr to which the self-heated resistor is actually heated are specified to be equal at three predetermined values of ambient temperature within the range over which it is desired to temperature compensate the flowmeter.

Abstract: The present invention is a control for automatically providing inserts into a copy set corresponding to inserts in the document set including an optical sensor responding to the reflectance of an original document that allows logic circuitry to determine if the original is white or non-white paper. If non-white, the logic of the control switches to a predetermined paper feed tray or paper bypass where the operator has placed an insert copy paper or cover stock, thus, the appropriate paper tray is selected to place inserts in the correct locations within the copy sheet.

Abstract: An editing area setting method and an editing area setting apparatus in an image forming apparatus, wherein a plurality of rectangular areas for trimming and masking are set, under a condition whereby partial overlapping does not occur, co-ordinates corresponding to a plurality of diagonal points are sequentially inputted whereby a plurality of rectangular areas are set, and an area inside or outside of one of the rectangular areas is set as an image forming area, the other area is set as a non-image forming area.

Abstract: A developing apparatus which includes a developing section disposed to confront a recording medium for effecting development, and a device for supplying developing material to the developing section. The developing device is characterized in that there is mounted a stirring device rotatably provided in a supply passage for supplying the developing material to the developing section, and shutter plates are provided on an outer periphery of the stirring device so as to be controlled for rotation, thereby selectively closing or opening the supply passage.

Abstract: An electrophotographic copying apparatus comprises an image forming unit for forming an image of an original to be copied, and a developing device for transferring the image onto copy paper, the image forming unit including a scorotron charger for representing only outlines of the original image. When the original is copied with a cover being not placed thereon, a shadow would be usually formed in an area corresponding to the portion not covered; however, the scorotron charger forms an outline image of this shadow and accordingly no shadow is formed in the area corresponding to the portion not covered.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a main assembly and a process cartridge. The main assembly contains and retains an electrophotographic photosensitive member, and therefore, the photosensitive member is not contained in the process cartridge. The process cartridge contains an electric charger, a developing device and/or cleaning device. The process cartridge is detachably mountable into the main assembly.

Abstract: A heat roll for electrophotography of a surface heating type having a heating resistor is arranged such that a bonding layer, an insulating layer, a resistance layer, and a surface insulating layer are consecutively provided on an outer surface of a hollow cylindrical core, and a bearing member for fitting with a bearing is fitted at each opposite end of the heat roll. A pipe or a round bar formed of aluminum, an aluminum alloy, copper, a copper alloy, or the like which has a greater coefficient of thermal conductivity than that of mild steel is disposed inside the core to permit a uniform distribution of the temperature. In addition, a gap of 0.2 mm or more is provided between the inner surface of the core and an outer peripheral surface of the member formed of the high-temperature conductive material.