Abstract: Nb.sub.3 Ge, Nb.sub.3 Al and Nb.sub.3 Si are prepared in A15 structures at the exact stoichiometric ratio with epitaxial growth on selected substrates. The phase diagrams of the materials are altered by this technique and only the A15 phase is stable at the stoichiometric ratios thus permitting attainment of higher and sharper transition temperatures.

Abstract: The sensitive plate of a dosimeter for the measurement of radiation by emission of exoelectrons is formed of material consisting of a mixture of a first substance containing traps for the electrons and capable of emitting exoelectrons by thermal or optical stimulation and a second substance which has good ionic conductivity and is capable of producing material having high mechanical strength.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for making microscopic size capsules from an emulsion having an inner oily or hydrophobic phase (material to be encapsulated) and an outer hardenable hydrophilic phase. The process is characterized by the step of contacting said emulsion with a break-up fluid capable of dividing said emulsion into substantially separate capsules having an inner hydrophobic phase and an outer hardenable hydrophilic phase; and then hardening the hydrophilic phase of said capsules to form microscopic size capsules or microencapsulations.The separated capsules can contain clusters of capsules, or they may be made as separate, individual capsules. In the preferred embodiment, the break-up fluid contains a surfactant capable of enhancing the break-up function of the fluid so that the separated capsules are predominately individual capsules.This invention also relates to microscopic size capsules formed by this process.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the generation of a dense cloud, as for the purpose of camouflage. Finely divided solid particles are discharged for a container, as by means of compressed gas, the solid particles being in the form of a microfine powder having a particle diameter of up to 60 .mu.m and being impenetrable to visible light and infra-red light of up to 14 .mu.m wave-length and having a settling velocity of up to 5 cm/sec. The powders used are talc, kaolin, calcium carbonates, magnesium carbonates, sodium hydrogen carbonates or other free-flowing powders or powders that have been rendered flowable, which form buoyant clouds upon being dispersed as by atomization.

Abstract: A conductive coating is disclosed, the coating comprising conductive particles, at least one surfactant, a thixotropic gelling agent, and, optionally, an organosilane coupling agent and a defoamer. The coating is suitable for use as a slip coating, which coating is particularly suitable for use in the production of conductive cores employed to produce electrical cables.

Abstract: A process and apparatus are disclosed for purification of petroleum coke to produce an economical low sulfur product suitable for electrode production. Finely ground green coke is treated on an enclosed circular grate apparatus and subjected to sequential treatments in which hot gases are passed through a deep permeable bed of coke on the grate in a series of separate treating zones including a preheat zone, a heating and calcining zone, a desulfurizing zone in which hydrogen rich gas is passed through the heated bed, a reduction gas generation zone in which hydrocarbon and steam pass through hot coke to form hydrogen, and a cooling zone.Adequate temperatures for calcination and desulfurization are achieved and the proper heating rate is obtained without overheating the metal parts of the hearth by use of radiant and hot gas heating means in the calcining zone and in the desulfurizing zone and by introducing the air and/or fuel gas near the bottom of the coke bed.

Abstract: A solid conducting agent comprising a finely divided inorganic solid acid and at least 0.5% by weight of a protonically conductive solid adsorbed and supported on the finely divided inorganic solid acid.This solid conducting agent is characterized by much reduced humidity dependency of the electric conductivity, and it has a sufficient electric conductivity even under low humidity conditions. An electro-responsive recording material including a layer of this solid conducting agent does not show a tacking phenomenon even under high humidity conditions.

Abstract: A surfactant system comprising block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide and/or their derivatives and adducts of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide with dipropylene glycol.

Abstract: A liquid solution method of preparing electrically conductive pyrochlore compounds having the formula:A.sub.2 [B.sub.2-x A.sub.x ]O.sub.7-yis disclosed wherein A is selected from lead, bismuth and mixtures thereof, B is selected from ruthenium, iridium and mixtures thereof, 0.ltoreq..times..ltoreq.1.0 and 0.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.1. The method involves reacting A and B cations to yield a pyrochlore oxide by precipitation of A and B cations in a liquid medium having a pH which is equal to or greater than 4.5, but less than 13.5, in the presence of an oxygen source at a temperature below about 200.degree. C. for a time sufficient for reaction to occur. In those instances in which amorphous reaction products are obtained, these amorphous reaction products are subsequently heat treated at a temperature of about 200.degree. C. to about 600.degree. C. for a time sufficient to convert amorphous reaction products to crystalline pyrochlore(s).

Abstract: Electrically conducting organic polymeric film material exhibiting a preselected room temperature n-type electrical conductivity ranging from that characteristic of semiconductor behavior to that characteristic of metallic behavior, is prepared by controlled electron donor doping of a polycrystalline film of polyacetylene with a metal dopant whose Pauling electronegativity value is no greater than 1.6. Preferred metal dopants are the alkali metals. The procedure may be employed in preparing polyacetylene film with a p-n junction formed by two adjacent portions of the film respectively provided wth p-type and n-type electrical conductivities.

Abstract: Organic heat-sensitive semiconductive compounds composed of (N-n-propylpyridinium) (7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane).sub.2 and (N-n-propylthiazolium) (7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane).sub.2 or (N-n-butylthiazolium) (7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane).sub.2. The compound using the propylthiazolium component exhibits phase transition phenomena in a wide range of temperatures lower than that of the basic component of (N-n-propylpyridinium) (TCNQ).sub.2. While, the compound using the butylthiazolium component shows inherent temperature hystereses different from that of the basic component.

Abstract: An electron source using an electron emissive material having a composition represented by the nominal atom formula La.sub.x (Nd.sub.y Pr.sub.1-y).sub.1-x B.sub.6 ; x less than 0.5 and greater than 0.2, y less than or equal to 1.0 and greater than or equal to 0.0, is described. The electron source is well suited for use in instruments such as scanning electron microscopes and electron beam exposure systems.

Abstract: A process for desalting crude petroleum comprises breaking down a stable emulsion of water and crude petroleum when formed in a desalter, by injecting a demulsifying agent, such as di-2-ethyl hexyl sulphosuccinate, into the desalter at a predetermined level, when the sample taken at this level contain a predetermined content of stable emulsion.An apparatus for carrying out this process continuously is also included.

Abstract: An electrically conductive boat for the vacuum evaporation of metals comprises a refractory composition consisting essentially of a conductor of titanium diboride and/or zirconium diboride, a coconductor of silicon carbide and an insulator of boron nitride.

Abstract: Electrically conductive articles which comprise a non-conductive matrix containing an electrically conductive dispersion of finely divided ferroalloy, silicon alloy, or mixtures thereof, are described. Compositions for making the articles utilizing various non-conductive materials, e.g., plastics, ceramics, and glass, are also described.

Abstract: For the introduction of an alkali metal vapor into an electron discharge lamp or an electron discharge tube, in particular for the vapor deposition of surfaces for photo-emission or secondary electron emission in such a tube, generators are used with a filling which comprises at least one alkali metal as a compound with either boron or silicon. Such filling can be mixed with additional metals.

Abstract: Tin oxide doped with magnesium oxide or niobium pentoxide and prepared as a sintered material is found to be highly sensitive to oxygen partial pressure both in the presence of free oxygen and in the presence of oxidizable gases, such as carbon monoxide or the lower oxides of nitrogen, and even in the presence of mixtures of both, such as in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine. The electrical conductivity varies by substantially more than an order of magnitude in response to a change in the oxygen partial pressure of about one-half an order of magnitude. The doped oxides operate as poor catalysts for the oxidation of oxidizable components of the exhaust gases. Chromium oxide doped with tin oxide shows the effect of an excessively good catalysis from the point of view of range of measurement, but is usable to give a sharp indication of the appearance or disappearance of free oxygen in a gas mixture.

Abstract: Electroluminescent device for emitting green light comprising a conducting cadmium fluoride crystal of electron concentration greater than 10.sup.15 cm.sup.-3 having a manganese impurity of N.sub.Mn concentration in the range: 0.1 mole percent <N.sub.Mn <5% mole percent, and an insulating or semi-insulating layer separating the metallic electrode from the crystal.

Abstract: A liquid solution method of preparing electrically conductive pyrochlore compounds of high surface area, having the formula:A.sub.2 [B.sub.2-x A.sub.x ]O.sub.7-yis disclosed wherein A is selected from lead, bismuth and mixtures thereof, B is selected from ruthenium, iridium and mixtures thereof, 0<.times..ltoreq.1.0 and 0.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.1. The method involves reacting A and B cations to yield a pyrochlore oxide by precipitation of A and B cations from an aqueous solution source of these cations in a liquid alkaline medium having a pH of at least about 10.0 in the presence of an oxygen source, and in the presence of a reaction-enhancing anodic potential, at a temperature below about 200.degree. C. for a sufficient time for reaction to occur.

Abstract: Mixture with low surface tension, containing 10 to 80% by weight of at least one compound of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.f is perfluoroalkyl with 3 to 36 C atoms, R.sup.1 is alkyl with 1 to 4 C atoms, R.sup.2 is alkyl with 1 to 4 C atoms, cyclohexyl or 2-hydroxyalkyl with 2 to 4 C atoms, Q is --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -- or ##STR2## m is the number 0 or 1 and, if m is 0, p is an integer of from 1 to 4 and if m is 1, p is the number 1, and 90 to 20% by weight of at least one compound of the formula ##STR3## in which R.sub.f, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, Q, m and p are as defined above.