Abstract: A boiler for converting water to steam comprising a boiler enclosure having walls. An upper drum and a lower drum supported on the walls. First boiler tubes connected to the upper drum and to the lower drum. Second boiler tubes are connected to the upper drum and to the lower drum. The boiler tubes are bent in a serpentine shape having crests and bases. The crests of the first boiler tubes are spaced from the crests of the second boiler tubes. The bases of the first boiler tubes are disposed adjacent the bases of the second boiler tubes and form combustion chambers which receive cylindrical burners. A convection pass is formed between the boiler tubes and the sides, top and bottom of the enclosure. Heat absorbing tubes are located in the convection pass. Outer wall tubes are connected to the drums and supported on the inside of the enclosure walls. Heat transfer tubes are placed between the boiler tubes and the outer border tubes.

Abstract: An improved apparatus and process for removal of particulates entrained in a gas stream are provided. The removal process employs a pulse combustor to provide an acoustic pressure wave to acoustically enhance agglomeration of particulates which may be collected and removed using a conventional separation apparatus. The apparatus may be employed as a direct fired system for improved operation of gas-operated equipment such as a gas turbine, or may, alternatively, be employed as an add-on subsystem for combustion exhaust clean-up. Additionally, added particulates may include a sorbent for effecting sorption of other contaminants such as sulfur. Various other particulates for contaminant removal may also be introduced into the system as exemplified by alkali-gettering agents.

Abstract: An oven for cleaning parts by a pyrolytic burn-off process is fired by a primary burner which heats the oven chamber from the top downwardly and the combustion gases, along with pyrolized volatile constituents, are withdrawn from the lowermost portion of the chamber and into an afterburner for final decomposition and discharge into the atmosphere.

Abstract: Damper apparatus for air ports of a chemical recovery furnace is mounted on a removable windbox faceplate. Damper blades extend from cantilevered arms pivoted at the forward side of the faceplate, with the damper blades being otherwise unsupported, i.e., they are not confined to travel in tracks within the windbox. Rather, a spring or counterweight urges the damper blades against the air port opening whereby the whole mechanism is free for removal as a unit with the faceplate. Cooperatively operable air port cleaning apparatus is also mounted on the faceplate.

Abstract: A hydrated granular fly ash composition is disclosed. The granular fly ash may be transported with minimal dust problems while maintaining its capacity to act as a solidifying agent at a remote destination. The process for producing the fly ash involves evenly dispersing a pre-determined amount of water into the fly ash so that it is transformed into a granular form substantially eliminating dust production. An apparatus for processing the fly ash includes a hopper for receiving the fly ash, a conveyor and a modified conditioner in which the fly ash is hydrated.

Abstract: A pellet fuel burning heating unit having a firebox with a burner therein connected to a combustion air duct, an exhaust pipe to remove combustion gases from the firebox, a blower to provide combustion air and a pressure regulator and air splitter to divide the air flow from the blower into the combustion air duct and into the exhaust pipe. The air flow into the combustion air duct creates a positive pressure in the burner and the air flow into the exhaust pipe creates a suction of the exhaust gases in the firebox.

Abstract: An acoustic emission signal collector for monitoring leaks in furnace wall tubes employs a plurality of waveguides attached to the tubes and connected to a cross member. An acoustic emission sensor positioned on the cross member detects leaks which are propagated from the furnace wall tube to the cross member. An alternate embodiment includes tines or waveguides bent at an angle and attached to the furnace wall tubes.

Abstract: In a generally known cement kiln plant which incorporates a preheater (1), a calciner (2) having a separation cyclone (3), a rotary kiln (4) and a clinker cooler (5), a decomposition chamber (10) is additionally installed for incineration of waste. Waste is introduced into the chamber at a location (12) and decomposed in the chamber by the heat from calcined raw meal which is conveyed to the chamber from the separation cyclone (3) of the calciner via a splitting gate (13) and a pipeline (14). Gaseous products are conveyed to the calciner (2) and burned there, whereas noncombustible by-products are discharged via an outlet (15) of the chamber (10). By utilizing the heat from preheated or calcined raw meal instead of, for example, hot exhaust gases to incinerate waste, any disturbance of the draught conditions of the cement kiln plant can be avoided, and the overall control of the calcining process is improved.

Abstract: A fossil-fueled steam generator includes a vertical gas flue having a lower region being near a flame location, a region above the lower region being remote from the flame location, and an encompassing wall with tubes through which a medium can flow. The tubes are gas-tightly connected together in the lower region, and the tubes are disposed next to one another defining gaps between the tubes in the region above the lower region.

Abstract: A fluidized bed combustion system in which a separator receives a mixture of flue gases and entrained particulate material from a fluidized bed in a furnace. A pressure seal valve, in the form of two ducts, connects an outlet of the separator to the furnace for recycling the separated particulate material back to the furnace. A pressure head builds up in one of the ducts and air is introduced to the other duct to dampen pressure fluctuations in the furnace and promote the flow of the particulate material back to the furnace.

Abstract: A method and a device for preheating a particulate fluidized bed which is supplied with air for fluidization of bed material and for combustion of main fuel through gas paths that include fluidization members for injection and distribution of the air over the fluidized bed. The bed material is preheated to the ignition temperature for the main fuel used in the fluidized bed by members arranged in the gas paths for combustion of starting fuel. These members are designed and arranged so that the air is supplied to the fluidized bed along the same path through gas paths and fluidization members upon preheating with starting fuel as upon combustion of main fuel in the fluidized bed. The members for combustion of starting fuel are arranged in the fluidization members and comprise fuel injectors, fuel pipes, ignition members and control members.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for processing wastes containing a large amount of water and a method for processing leachate from industrial wastes. Specifically, the present invention provides a method which comprises maintaining reduced pressure in the dryer equipped with a stirring means, feeding wastes containing a large amount of water to the dryer, stirring the wastes while blowing refrigerated air at -20.degree. C..+-.5.degree. C. to the dryer, and drying the frozen moisture portion of the wastes by sublimation. Air heated at 80.degree. C.+10.degree. C. can be used instead of refrigerated air to dry water of the wastes by evaporation. The present invention also provides a method for processing leachate which comprises pooling leachate industrial wastes and burned ashes, and utilizing the leachate to absorb wet-type toxic gas, thereby confining the leachate within the waste treatment plant.

Abstract: The secondary water supply for a steam generator is provided by a toroidal or semitoroidal collector (38) placed in the bottom of the annular recirculation space (32) of the generator, in a larger diameter part (36) of the outer envelope. The collector (38) has holes (40) ensuring a vertical mean flow of the secondary water into the annular space (32). The cross-section of the holes is chosen in such a way as to trap in the collector the migrating bodies or members from the secondary water circuit and which could damage the steam generator tubes. At least one access orifice makes it possible to extract these migrating bodies from the collector during maintenance operations.

Abstract: An apparatus for recovering heat, and a flue gas recovery and/or recirculation and/or induced draft apparatus for boilers. The apparatus for recovering heat may be used in combination with the flue gas recovery and/or recirculation and/or induced draft apparatus for boilers. The flue gas recovery and/or recirculation and/or induced draft apparatus receives combustion gases from the apparatus for recovering heat and recirculates a portion of the combustion gases to a burner of a boiler and transmits the remaining portion of the combustion gases through a flue that communicates with the atmosphere.

Abstract: A water heater with reduced nitrogen oxides output utilizing NO.sub.x reducing water conduits to cool a laminar flame and thereby reduce production of nitrogen oxides, The water heater has a partially aerated burner using a partially premixed combustion method to produce the laminar flame wherein a plurality of NO.sub.x reducing water conduits are disposed above the partially aerated burner in such a manner that water is supplied from a cold water conduit or a hot water conduit of the water heater into the plurality of NO.sub.x reducing water conduits through a water introducing portion by means of branching or serial connections. The water absorbs heat while flowing through the plurality of NO.sub.x reducing water conduits and is returned to the cold water conduit or the hot water conduit through a water receiving portion by means of and branching or serial connections.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method of reducing polluting emissions from a circulating fluidized bed combustion installation including a furnace from which the dust is recovered at least in part by a cyclone, the partially dedusted gases output by the cyclone passing through a recovery boiler, and then into a dust filter, in which method a desulfurizing agent is inserted into the furnace. According to the invention, downstream from said recovery boiler, and upstream from said dust filter, the flue gases are desulfurized in semi-humid manner in a reaction enclosure provided with a water injection inlet. Downstream from said dust filter, the resulting desulfurization products are thermally oxidized.

Abstract: A circulating fluidized bed combustion process which uses a sorbent to react with sulfur oxides employs a process for fracturing the sorbent particles to expose unreacted sorbent in the core of the particles to increase the sorbent utilization. The particles within the circulating bed are fractured by injecting water either as a liquid or as steam.

Abstract: A CFB reactor or combustor having an internal impact type primary particle separator provides cavity means and particle return means in an upper portion of the reactor enclosure to obtain direct and internal return of all primary collected solids to a bottom portion of the reactor or combustor for subsequent recirculation without external and internal recycle conduits.

Abstract: A corn furnace comprises a hopper for storing corn to be burned, and a combustion chamber in which corn is burned in a pot of fire to produce heat. An endless screw, supplying corn from the dispensing bottom of the hopper to the combustion chamber, comprises a lower proximate end for receiving corn from the hopper, a higher distal end for discharging corn in the combustion chamber through an inclined conduit, an elongate tubular member extending from the proximate to the distal end, and a generally helicoid blade rotatively mounted in the tubular member for conveying corn through that tubular member. The rotative helicoid blade is formed with a sharpened distal outer helical edge section. An air blower system supplies air to the distal end of endless screw to produce in the tubular member a flow of air in a direction opposite to the movement of the corn to remove from this corn dust and other impurities.

Abstract: A heater for heating liquid by friction includes a rotor rotatable within a housing filled with liquid, the rotor having passages arranged to expel liquid through friction orifices by centrifugal force from a pair of inlet cavities on opposite sides of the rotor. The outlets of the passages lie in a common plane on the periphery of the rotor whereas the inlets of alternate passages open alternately into the respective inlet cavities. The housing has a plurality of outlets lying in the plane of the rotor outlets with one of the housing outlets leading to a heat utilization device while the other housing outlets are connected to by-pass passages leading back into the housing through the side or sides thereof. The constant in-flow from the by-pass passages virtually eliminates cavitation while the pre-heated liquid in the passages adds to the heat of the liquid in the housing otherwise frictionally heated by rotation of the rotor.