Abstract: The fabrication and characterization of large scale inverted organic solar array fabricated using all-spray process is disclosed. Solar illumination has been demonstrated to improve transparent solar photovoltaic devices. The technology using SAM has potential to revolute current silicon-based photovoltaic technology by providing a complete solution processable manufacturing process. The semi-transparent property of the solar module allows for applications on windows and windshields. The inventive modules are more efficient than silicon solar cells in artificial light environments. This significantly expands their use in indoor applications. Additionally, these modules can be integrated into soft fabric substances such as tents, military back-packs or combat uniforms, providing a highly portable renewable power supply for deployed military forces.

Abstract: Paste compositions, methods of making a paste composition, photovoltaic cells, and methods of making a photovoltaic cell contact are disclosed. The paste composition can include a conductive metal component such as aluminum, phosphate glass, phosphorus compounds such as alky! phosphate, and a vehicle. The contact can be formed on a passivation layer on a silicon wafer by applying the paste on the passivation layer and firing the paste. During firing, the metal component can fire through the passivation layer, thereby electrically contacting the silicon substrate.

Abstract: A bifacial solar cell module includes solar cells that are protected by front side packaging components and backside packaging components. The front side packaging components include a transparent top cover on a front portion of the solar cell module. The backside packaging components have a transparent portion that allows light coming from a back portion of the solar cell module to reach the solar cells, and a reflective portion that reflects light coming from the front portion of the solar cell module. The transparent and reflective portions may be integrated with a backsheet, e.g., by printing colored pigments on the backsheet. The reflective portion may also be on a reflective component that is separate from the backsheet. In that case, the reflective component may be placed over a clear backsheet before or after packaging.

Abstract: Photovoltaic energy generation device, characterized in that it comprises at least one brick (120) comprising a lower terminal and an upper terminal, between which are arranged two cells (111), each comprising a photovoltaic cell (7), comprising one or more elementary photovoltaic cell(s), and a storage element (8) connected to the terminals of the photovoltaic cell, and at least three cell switchs (113), so as to be able to dispose the said two cells (111) in series or in parallel.

Abstract: Virus multilayers can be used as templates for growth of inorganic nanomaterials. For example, layer-by-layer construction of virus multilayers on functionalized surfaces form nanoporous structures onto which metal particles or metal oxide nanoparticles can be nucleated to result in an interconnected network of nanowires.

Abstract: An electrode active material comprising in major proportions a monoclinic titanium-niobium composite oxide represented by the formula TiNbxO(2+5x/2), wherein X is from 1.90 or more to less than 2.00.

Abstract: According to one embodiment of the present invention, a lithium ion battery having desirable safety performance is provided. The lithium ion battery includes a battery housing, a battery cover assembled to the battery housing, a pressure relief valve coupled to the battery housing and/or battery cover, and a safety device formed on the housing and/or battery cover and fixed to the pressure relief valve. The safety device includes a shielding plate facing the pressure relief valve, a side wall and an air flow channel structure. The side wall extends from the shielding plate and connects with the battery housing or the battery cover. The air flow channel structure is defined in the side wall.

Abstract: A solar cell is discussed. The solar cell according to an embodiment includes a photoelectric conversion unit including a first conductive type region and a second conductive type region formed on the same side of the photoelectric conversion unit; and an electrode formed on the photoelectric conversion unit and including an adhesive layer formed on the photoelectric conversion unit and an electrode layer formed on the adhesive layer, wherein the adhesive layer has a coefficient of thermal expansion that is greater than a coefficient of thermal expansion of the photoelectric conversion unit and is less than a coefficient of thermal expansion of the electrode layer.

Abstract: An apparatus, a method, and a computer program product are provided. The apparatus may be an electronic component. The electronic component includes at least one energy harvester coupled between at least one pair of hot and cold regions of the electronic component and configured to convert thermal energy to electrical energy in order to provide power to at least the electronic component, the at least one energy harvester including a radiative thermal channel or a conductive thermal channel. A first end of the conductive thermal channel is coupled to a first semiconductor material and a second end of the conductive thermal channel is coupled to a second semiconductor material, the first semiconductor material being coupled to the hot region and isolated from the cold region and the second semiconductor material being coupled to the cold region and isolated from the hot region.

Abstract: A light control film includes a plurality of spaced apart substantially parallel first light absorbing regions arranged along a first direction, each first light absorbing region having a width and a height, the plurality of first light absorbing regions including nonoverlapping first and second sub-pluralities of the plurality of first light absorbing regions, the first sub-plurality of the plurality of first light absorbing regions having a first viewing angle, the second sub-plurality of the plurality of first light absorbing regions having a different second viewing angle.

Abstract: A thermoelectric conversion element that can efficiently make a temperature difference across a thermoelectric conversion material is provided. In the thermoelectric conversion element, on a first surface of a thermoelectric conversion module comprising a P-type thermoelectric element, an N-type thermoelectric element, and an electrode, a thermally conductive resin layer A and a thermally conductive resin layer B having a lower thermal conductivity than the thermally conductive resin layer A are provided in an alternating manner so as to be in direct contact with the first surface, and on a second surface on the opposite side of the first surface of the thermoelectric conversion module, a thermally conductive resin layer a and a thermally conductive resin layer b having a lower thermal conductivity than the thermally conductive resin layer a are provided in an alternating manner so as to be in direct contact with the second surface.

Abstract: Disclosed is a solar cell including a first electrode, a second electrode, and a first conversion layer disposed therebetween. The first electrode is closer to a light incident side than the second electrode. The first conversion layer is a composition-gradient perovskite. A part of the first conversion layer adjacent to the first electrode has an energy gap less than that of a part of the first conversion layer adjacent to the second electrode.

Abstract: A light control film includes a plurality of spaced apart substantially parallel first light absorbing regions arranged along a first direction, each first light absorbing region having a width and a height, the plurality of first light absorbing regions including nonoverlapping first and second sub-pluralities of the plurality of first light absorbing regions, the first sub-plurality of the plurality of first light absorbing regions having a first viewing angle, the second sub-plurality of the plurality of first light absorbing regions having a different second viewing angle.

Abstract: Disclosed is an insulating bonding part for bonding to a solid electrolyte including beta-alumina, the insulating bonding part comprising a plurality of layers which have different mixing ratios of the alpha-alumina and CaO, wherein the layer closer to the solid electrolyte including the beta-alumina has a higher ratio of the CaO, and wherein the layer farther from the solid electrolyte including the beta-alumina has a higher ratio of the alpha-alumina.

Abstract: Provided are flexible photovoltaic modules having flexible module connectors that allow their connector bodies to move with respect to other parts of the modules in one or more directions. This flexibility may be used to align connector bodies during installation. Further, flexibility may help to overcome the thermal expansion differences of various modules and supporting structure components during operation. Flexible arms may be used to support connector bodies with respect to module sealing sheets to provide the necessary flexibility. Such modules may also include various touch safety features to keep conductive elements of the module connectors disconnected from the photovoltaic cells prior to installation of the module and during initial installation operations. Also provided are flexible photovoltaic assemblies, each including multiple modules electrically interconnected with each other and sealed at their interfaces.

Abstract: Designs of extremely high efficiency solar cells are described. A novel alternating bias scheme enhances the photovoltaic power extraction capability above the cell band-gap by enabling the extraction of hot carriers. When applied in conventional solar cells, this alternating bias scheme has the potential of more than doubling their yielded net efficiency. When applied in conjunction with solar cells incorporating quantum wells (QWs) or quantum dots (QDs) based solar cells, the described alternating bias scheme has the potential of extending such solar cell power extraction coverage, possibly across the entire solar spectrum, thus enabling unprecedented solar power extraction efficiency. Within such cells, a novel alternating bias scheme extends the cell energy conversion capability above the cell material band-gap while the quantum confinement structures are used to extend the cell energy conversion capability below the cell band-gap.

Abstract: A solar cell apparatus includes a substrate having a transmission area and a non-transmission area adjacent to the transmission area, a solar cell disposed at the non-transmission area on the substrate, and a lattice pattern disposed at the transmission area on the substrate.

Abstract: Provided herein is a floating photovoltaic solar device designed to reduce the effect of wind forces without the use of external control or power. The device includes a floating anchored frame with a means for connecting an internal corded lattice; a corded lattice suspended within the floating frame and forming a set of polygonal cells in which independently floating solar photovoltaic modules are positioned. Access for scheduled and unscheduled maintenance may be provided by a floating service gantry. The system is modular and several devices may be connected in a honeycomb-like structure.

Abstract: An objective is to reduce the sheet resistance and gas evolution in a battery electrode comprising a conductive intermediate layer capable of reducing or shutting off a current when overcharged. A battery electrode (12) comprises a conductive intermediate layer (123) being placed between a current collector (122) and an active layer (124) while comprising conductive particles (50) and a binder (60). The mass proportion of conductive particles (50) is equal to or larger than the mass proportion of the binder (60). Conductive particles (50) has a size distribution that exhibits a first peak with the maximum at a first particle diameter value and a second peak with the maximum at a second particle diameter value larger than the first particle diameter value. The intermediate layer (123) contains 10% to 60% by mass of conductive particles (52) having particle diameters that belong to the second peak.

Abstract: Disclosed is a secondary battery module including: a plurality of unit cells, at least one or more unit cells among the plurality of unit cells being stacked so as to be in surface contact with each other; and an adhesive pad disposed between contact surfaces of the stacked unit cells. The adhesive pad enhances adhesion between the unit cells to prevent electrical sparks or short-circuiting. Therefore, the secondary battery module is stable and reliable in operation performance and electrical properties.