Abstract: The sliding member according to the present invention includes: a base material; and a sliding film that covers a surface of the base material and constitutes a sliding surface, and is used under a wet condition where lubricant oil exists. The sliding film according to the present invention is a laminated film that includes: an underlying layer formed on the surface of the base material; and an outermost layer formed at least on a part of the underlying layer. This outermost layer is characterized by including specific boron-containing amorphous carbon (specific B-DLC) that contains 4-50% B and 5-50% H when the outermost layer as a whole is 100 at %. This specific B-DLC itself wears away during the sliding to smooth the sliding surface, and an excellent low friction property is exhibited. The underlying layer of the specific B-DLC contributes to improvement in the wear resistance property of the sliding film.

Abstract: Disclosed is a renewable composition derived from the conversion of biomass at an elevated temperature, with conversion optionally in the presence of a catalyst, which is capable of reducing, and thereby improving, a low temperature property of a distillate. A process is also disclosed for mixing such renewable composition with the distillate.

Abstract: A coal deactivation treatment device for deactivating of coal by means of a treatment gas that is a mixture of air and nitrogen gas is provided with, among other things: a treatment column inside of which coal flows from the top to the bottom; treatment gas feed means, and the like, for feeding treatment gas to the inside of the treatment column; humidifying heaters for heating and humidifying the treatment gas such that the treatment gas fed to the inside of the treatment column can maintain a relative humidity of 35% or greater, even at 95° C.; a temperature sensor and a control device for adjusting the temperature inside the treatment column such that the inside of the treatment column is maintained at a relative humidity of 35% or greater and a temperature of 95° C. or lower.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a transmission lubricant comprising at least 30% by weight of polyalkyl (meth)acrylate. The present invention further describes polyalkyl (meth)acrylates for use in lubricants and also processes for preparing them and their use. The present lubricants can be used particularly in wind turbine transmissions.

Abstract: A lubricant comprising (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity; (b) a polyether of number average molecular weight 1000 to 10,000; said polyether comprising alkylene oxide monomer units, where the alkylene group contains 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and ethylene oxide monomer units; and (c) one or more anti-foam agents, where the lubricant has a sulfated ash content of less than about 0.7 percent, is useful for lubricating a stationary gas engine where the engine drives a compressor and where both the engine and the compressor are lubricated with the same lubricant.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention may provide textured surfaces to be lubricated, the texturing to enhance the effectiveness of the intended nano-lubrication. The texturing may make asperities and depressions in the surface to be lubricated. This texturing may be executed, for example, by chemical etching, laser etching, or other techniques. This texturing may create locations in the lubricated surface to hold or anchor the intended nano-lubricants, to facilitate the creation of a tribo-film on the surface when the lubricated surface is used under pressure, and resulting in delivery of multiple chemistries from the nano-lubricant.

Abstract: A lubricating formulation prepared from a blend of components comprised of 35-55% of a first base oil; 30-50% of a second base oil; 0.5-5% of a hydrophobic fumed silica; and 1-10% of a hydrophilic fumed silica, wherein the hydrophobic fumed silica and the hydrophilic fumed silica are introduced during formulation so that the hydrophobic famed silica and the hydrophilic fumed silica are pulverized, discharged and dissolved under a surface the blend during formulation.

Abstract: Fine coal particles are dewatered by mechanically removing water from the coal particles by vibration assisted vacuum dewatering to form a coal particle filter cake. The filter cake typically has a water content less than 35% by weight, suitable for extrusion to form discrete, non-tacky pellets. The vibration assisted vacuum dewatering may operate at a vibration frequency in the range from about 1 Hz to about 500 Hz. The vibration frequency may be adjusted during the dewatering process. In some embodiments, the vibration frequency is increased as the moisture content of the coal particle filter cake is decreased. Washing the filter cake during dewatering removes soluble contaminants. Various vibration assisted vacuum dewatering devices may be used, including a vibration assisted rotary vacuum dewatering drum, a vibration assisted vacuum disk filter, and a vibration assisted vacuum conveyor system.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing a branched ester, comprising reacting a branched primary alcohol composition, having from 8 to 28 carbon atoms and an average number of branches per molecule of from 0.7 to 3.0, said branching comprising methyl and ethyl branches, with an acid. In another aspect, the invention provides a process for preparing a branched ester, pour point depressants for use in fuels, and the use of a branched primary alcohol composition.

Abstract: A liquid fuel composition comprising a base fuel suitable for use in an internal combustion engine; one or more organic UV filter compounds; and one or more ester co-additive compounds provides improvements in terms of stability properties in an additive blend containing said one or more organic UV filter compounds and said one or more ester co-additive compounds, particularly at low temperatures, such as temperatures of 5° C. or lower.

Abstract: A processing fluid that is free of boron and secondary amines includes a petroleum-based or non-petroleum-based oil; water; and an additive composition comprising a long chain primary amine; an tertiary cycloalkylamine; and an amino acid.

Abstract: A crude oil friction reducer is disclosed. The friction reducer includes water soluble anionic surfactants as active components and non-aromatic solvents. The water soluble anionic surfactants include anionic sulfonate surfactant and an anionic sulfate surfactant, such as anionic sodium sulfate surfactant, dissolved in an aqueous chelating solution. The friction reducer may also include a pH adjuster. The friction reducer is used with heavy and extra heavy crude oil.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of torrefaction of an optionally predried biomass in a torrefaction reactor such that torrefied biomass and torrefaction gases are obtained, and wherein an oxygen-containing gas is supplied to the torrefaction reactor at a first position in the reactor such that oxygen reacts with components of the torrefaction gases under the formation of heat and wherein torrefaction gases are withdrawn from the torrefaction reactor at a second position of the torrefaction reactor and wherein the first position is located downstream of the second position in relation to a biomass transport direction in the torrefaction reactor such that the torrefaction gases moves through the torrefaction reactor countercurrent with the biomass transport and wherein the optionally predried biomass has a temperature of between 30° C. and 230° C., preferably between 50° C. and 200° C., most preferably between 60° C. and 180° C. when entering the torrefaction rector.

Abstract: A composition contains an additive for assisting with the regeneration of the PF in the form of an organic dispersion of iron particles and a detergent including a polyester quaternary ammonium salt.

Abstract: A method for hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass, wherein the biomass supplied by pumps from a tank is provided to a reactor, in which the biomass is heated to obtain reactor products in the form of volatile, liquid and solid fractions, which are separated in a separator. The biomass supplied from the tank is pressurized in pumps, after which it is preliminarily heated in a heat exchanger. The preheated biomass is reheated in the reactor using microwave radiation. The temperature of the biomass inside the reactor is measured using temperature sensors and a controller, and based on the measurements of the temperature sensors and reflectometers, the power of radiation is adjusted to retain the biomass inside the reactor at the temperature of 374° C. to 400° C.

Abstract: There is disclosed a biodegradable fuel additive composition derived from at least one animal or plant source, and a fuel composition containing a biodegradable fuel additive composition derived from at least one animal or plant source useful for reducing the formation of engine deposits and for improving fuel economy of a vehicle combusting the fuel composition.

Abstract: Provided are polyalkoxylates that are prepared by alkoxylating polytetrahydrofurane with butylene oxide for use in lubricant compositions and/or for reducing friction in a driveline.

Abstract: A method for reducing aqueous phase separation of an emulsion comprising ethanol-based fuel and a lubricating oil comprising molybdenum ester amide complex, comprising the step of adding to the lubricating oil a dispersant polyalkyl (meth) acrylate (DPMA) in an amount from about 0.01 to about 0.5% by weight of the lubricating oil, such that the weight ratio of molybdenum to DPMA is about 2.05 or less.

Abstract: A sulphurised calcium phenate detergent is made by (i) reacting hydrogenated distlled CNSL with a calcium salt and sulphur in the presence of a promoter and process solvent; (ii) reacting the product of (i) with additional calcium salt and promoter, and with a co-surfactant, and then carbonating; and optionally (iii) further carbonating the reaction mixture to obtain overbased sulphurised calcium phenate.

Abstract: A solid firelighter is provided, which comprises a carboxylic acid and/or an alkyl ester derivative thereof and a curable resin. The firelighter specifically comprise methyl, ethyl, propyl, or buthanoyl esters of a C6-C10 carboxylic acid or mixtures thereof in an amount of at least 20% by weight. Moreover, a method of manufacturing said firelighter is provided, as well as compositions for use in the manufacture of said firelighter.