Abstract: A credential change management platform may, from a time period T1 to T2: deny access by remote client devices that submit credentials other than the prior or new credentials and, as a result of the denial, increment a lock-out counter, and allow access by devices that submit either the prior or new credential. From T2 to T3, the platform may: deny access by devices that submit credentials other than the prior or new credential and, as a result of the denial, increment the lock-out counter, deny access by devices that submit the prior credential without incrementing the lock-out counter, and allow access by devices that submit the new credential. After T3, the platform may: deny access by devices that submit credentials other than the new credential and, as a result of the denial, increment the lock-out counter, and allow access by devices that submit the new credential.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments of the present invention relate to a batch verification method for verifying a plurality of authentication data or digital signature values and an apparatus thereof. A batch verification method according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: rearranging N pairs of individual instances which compose a batch verification instance; selecting N?1 verification exponents from a verification exponent set E which is used for the batch verification; and performing the batch verification for the rearranged batch verification instance by using the selected verification exponents. Exemplary embodiments of the present invention can be suitable for digital signature and cryptographic confirmation. According to exemplary embodiments, verification computation amount of a plurality of authentication data or digital signature values can be significantly reduced.

Abstract: A method of optimizing a first set of graphical display elements on a client device. The method also includes coupling a first server to the client device by a first connection; coupling a second server to the client device by a second connection; and generating the first set of graphical display elements on a first server, wherein the first set of graphical display elements further comprises a first graphical display element and a second graphical display element. The method further includes generating a second set of graphical display elements on a second server; transmitting the first set of graphical display elements from the first server to the client device; and transmitting the second set of graphical display elements from the second server to the client device, wherein a third set of graphical display elements is created in a first window comprising the first set of graphical display elements and the second set of graphical display elements.