Abstract: A method of fuel treatment and distribution for an internal combustion engine including the sequence of steps as follows:(a) heating a catalyst bed reactor to a start-up temperature using exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine being operated on atomized alcohol; the catalyst bed reactor including a partial combustion catalyst and an alcohol dissociation catalyst;(b) vaporizing liquid alcohol to form alcohol vapor;(c) mixing the alcohol vapor with a fixed flow rate of air to form a partial combustion mixture, the flow rate being substantially fixed at about the flow rate required for adiabatic dissociation of the alcohol vapor at the flow rate of the alcohol vapor during idling of the internal combustion engine;(d) contacting the partial combustion mixture and the partial combustion catalyst and the dissociation catalyst to form a hydrogen-rich fuel;(e) mixing air and the hydrogen rich fuel to form a total combustion mixture;(f) burning the total combustion mixture in an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A lubricating system for crankcase compression two-cycle engines embodying a positively driven oil pump. The oil pump is driven from the crankshaft by means of gears and a portion of the lubricating oil is delivered to a cavity in which these gears are located for lubricating the gears.

Abstract: An apparatus for the catalytic transformation of fuel for use with an internal combustion engine is described. The apparatus comprises a catalytic reactor in the form of a chamber containing catalytic material, and through which liquid or vaporized fuel is passed, the reactor chamber being in close thermal communication with the exhaust gases leaving the internal combustion engine. Said reactor chamber is either placed within the exhaust gas chamber of the engine exhaust manifold, or in very close proximity thereto. In a preferred arrangement, there are two reactor chambers in series, one being formed within the exhaust manifold of the engine, and the other being mounted closely adjacent thereto.

Abstract: A system for delivering a catalyst into a forced draft entry port of a chemical reaction chamber, such as a fossil-fuel combustion chamber, includes a container having an aqueous solution of the catalyst. A suction line extends from an air space above the solution to the entry port. An intake line at atmospheric pressure enters the container and has an end submerged below the surface of the aqueous solution, the submerged end having a float for maintaining the end at a predetermined distance below the surface and thereby establishing a predetermined back pressure. A layer of oil floats on top of the aqueous solution and may contain a second dissolved catalyst. The air from the intake line bubbles up through the aqueous solution and the oil layer absorbing minute quantities of the catalysts which are carried by the air into the reaction chamber. Rhenium and manganese catalysts improve the efficiency of fossil-fuel combustion such as that of the home oil burner and the automotive engine.

Abstract: A fuel atomizer for use in an internal combustion engine is mounted on a bracket and suspended within the air intake passageway of an engine, between the carburetor and the intake manifold, to facilitate the thorough mixing of fuel and air before combustion. When air moves through the passageway, it causes the atomizer to spin, which breaks up fuel droplets and promotes efficient combustion. The atomizer has a cylindrical cage with blades disposed about and parallel to its axis of rotation and with two circular end pieces which abut the blades to form the ends of the cage. The cage is horizontally mounted on an axis of rotation by the bracket which suspends the atomizer in the air passageway.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improvement in internal combustion engines, by which cavities are provided communicating by way of a respective passage with the intake duct of each cylinder, in order to induce a turbulent movement in the mixture stream drawn in by the engine.

Abstract: A fluid lubricating circuit for an internal combustion engine which can effectively damp or reduce fluid pressure pulsation in the circuit. To this end, the circuit includes a pressure damper connected between a hydraulic pump and an oil cooler. The pressure damper has formed therein a pair of orifices disposed in a spaced relation from each other in a direction of fluid flow and a damping chamber between the orifices.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a diesel oil--heavy oil mixture for use as an engine fuel includes the steps combining the two oils proximate the engine, heating the mixture to obtain the required overall fuel viscosity and continuously supplying the heated mixture to the engine for injection into the cylinders. Unused, heated fuel is continuously recirculated to maintain the availability of fuel at the proper viscosity.

Abstract: This invention is a lubrication pumping means contained within one or more reciprocating rods to assure lubrication of the crankpin rod bearing and the wrist pin bearing during operation of a two-cycle internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A fuel economizer for fitting between the carburetor and inlet manifold of an internal combustion engine. The economizer consists of a plate having a restricted orifice, there being situated beneath the orifice a further plate having a plurality of teeth or protrusions extending into the fuel/air stream passing through the restricted orifice.

Abstract: An improved carburetion system for a V-type internal combustion engine including a first carburetor and a second carburetor disposed in a space between a first cylinder and a second cylinder arranged in the form of V-shape and adapted to supply an air-fuel mixture to the respective cylinders, said carburetors each having an intake barrel defining an intake passage leading to the associated cylinder respectively. A common intake box having at least an air inlet opening formed on the side walls thereof is provided between both the first and second cylinders in such a manner that the first and second carburetors are connected to said common intake box. Each of the intake barrels has an inlet port which is opened toward the interior of the common intake box and an air horn made of resilient material is connected to said inlet port so that said air horn extends into the interior of the common intake box.

Abstract: A lubrication apparatus for an internal combustion engine is provided which has a crank chamber with an oil pan detachably mounted on the lower surface of the crank chamber. An oil pump and an oil filter are coupled together by an oil passage in the crank chamber. A relief valve is provided in the oil passage, the relief valve being opened by an oil pressure above a predetermined value. The oil passage includes an opening directed towards the oil pan and the oil pan includes a rib formed on the upper surface thereof, wherein the relief valve is inserted in the opening and is supported therein by the rib.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprises a cylinder head (1), a camshaft (2) mounted thereon, a rocker cover (4) and a rotary vacuum pump (10) mounted on the cylinder head (1) within the rocker cover (4) and driven by the camshaft (2), providing compact packaging and low noise levels. The vacuum pump is lubricated from the camshaft via the pump exhaust port (30) discharging air into the rocker cover.

Abstract: Novel composite asymmetrical membranes, comprising a support membrane and a filtration membrane, and process for making the same. The novel membranes are formed by making a sequence of two-stage membranes, one formed upon the other. The process makes possible the formation of both a support membrane and filtration membrane from the same material rather than, as was necessary in the prior art, formation of a filtration membrane only from a different polymer soluble in solvent media which would have no substantial effect on the support membrane.

Abstract: A process for removing oil from oily waste water streams, particularly from aqueous refinery streams wherein the oil is present as a stable oil-in-water emulsion, which comprises passing the stream over a particulate bed of an unprocessed, vinyl chloride containing polymer including PVC and its copolymers.

Abstract: A process for the purification of waste water containing dissolved organic carbon contaminants which comprisesA. passing the waste water upwardly through a column of activated carbon particles,B. determining the total organic carbon content of the water before it enters the column and simultaneously at a location that is between 30 and 70% of the total height of the carbon particles in the column,C. continuously withdrawing the spent carbon particles from the bottom of the column at such a rate as to maintain an essentially constant preselected difference between the total organic carbon content of the water as it enters the column and at the preselected location that is between 30 and 70% of the height of the carbon particles in the column,D. continuously introducing fresh activated carbon particles or reactivated carbon particles at the top of the column at such a rate as to compensate for those withdrawn at the bottom of the column, andE. removing the purified water at the top of the column.

Abstract: Natural or industrial gas streams are dehydrated with liquid organic desiccants and the desiccants are treated in a thermal reconcentration zone to remove a major portion of the water contained therein followed by treatment in an isothermal azeotroping zone to remove substantially all the remaining water with low energy requirements.

Abstract: A cleansing liquid is conveyed along a first closed circuit which includes a scrubbing device. Here, the liquid comes into contact with and scrubs an impurity-containing gas so that the impurities in the gas are transferred to the liquid. When the concentration of impurities in the liquid has increased to a sufficient extent, the impurity-laden liquid is admitted into a second closed circuit which communicates with the first circuit. The second circuit includes an evaporator in which the impurities contained in the liquid are caused to evaporate from the latter. The purified liquid is recycled to the first circuit while the evaporated and highly concentrated impurities are admitted into a combustion chamber and burned.

Abstract: A process for purifying a fluid stream which includes an impurity and a product fluid comprising providing three adsorption zones, cycling each of the adsorption zones on stream for the adsorption of the impurity from the fluid stream in a predetermined sequence to provide a substantially uninterrupted flow of the product fluid from the adsorption zones, desorbing the impurity from each of the adsorption zones in a predetermined sequence by sequentially reducing the pressure within each of the adsorption zones sufficiently to desorb the impurity, and repressurizing each of the adsorption zones subsequent to the desorption of such adsorption zone to make such adsorption zone ready for subsequent use for on stream adsorption of the impurity. The duration of the period of desorption for each of the adsorption zones is at least as great as about the duration of the period of on stream adsorption of the impurity.

Abstract: An upflow filter adapted to be used with a home sewage treatment plant which includes a container which has a wall extending thereacross to divide the container into first and second filtering chambers. First and second gratings are located in the first and second chambers respectively and serve to divide each filtering chamber into top and bottom portions and each grating has filtering media covering the same. The container has an inlet and an outlet with the outlet located at a lower level from the inlet. .[.First liquid conduit means are connected to the wall and provides for fluid communication from the inlet to the bottom portions of each of the first and second filtering chambers. Second liquid.]. .Iadd.A vertical opening is cast into the dividing wall and has lateral exit portions that communicate with the bottom portions of the first and second filtering chambers. The liquid inlet communicates with this vertical opening. Liquid .Iaddend.