Abstract: An ionized gas plasma is established in an electrical field in contact with a non-vapor volume of monomer (liquid and/or solid). The plasma creates active polymerization sites in the monomer volume to initiate propagation of polymerization therein. After initiation, the partially-polymerized monomer volume is postpolymerized in the absence of the ionized gas plasma to yield a very high molecular weight polymer which may be essentially free of cross-linking in desirable forms including commercial quantities of bulk self-supporting polymer or a coating. Suitable monomers include liquid vinyl monomers (e.g., methyl, methacrylate) and solid crystalline monomers (e.g., 1,3,5-trioxane).

Abstract: The gold-plating electrolyte of the present invention contains the components in the following proportions, g/l:hexapotassium .mu.-ethylenediaminotetracetate bis(aurous sulphite):10.5-123.0a salt of an alkali metal of ethylenediaminotetracetic acid: 17.8-140.0potassium sulphate:12.6-11.0potassium hydrogen phosphate:4.7-40.0water:the balanceThe gold-plating electrolyte of this invention is useful in the preparation of gold reactants for electronics, watch-making, jewelry, radio-engineering.

Abstract: A process for making dimensionally-stable composite materials comprising adsorbents and magnetic particles embedded in a porous matrix of organic polymeric materials. The magnetic particles enable the composites to be easily and rapidly removed from treated solutions after the adsorption stage is complete.

Abstract: A halogen such as chlorine is produced by the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of a hydrogen halide such as hydrochloric acid in an electrolysis cell having anolyte and catholyte chambers separated by a solid polymer electrolyte in the form of a stable, selectively permeable, hydrated ion exchange membrane. Catalytic electrodes in the form of fluorocarbon bonded, thermally stabilized, reduced oxides of platinum group metals are bonded to at least one surface of the membrane and an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution is brought in contact with the bonded anode to generate chlorine at the anode and hydrogen at the cathode.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell having anode and cathode chambers separated by a cation exchange membrane comprising a fluorocarbon polymer containing pendant carboxylic acid or salt groups of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is a group containing perfluoroalkyl or perfluoroalkoxy having 1 to 5 carbon atoms and M is hydrogen, an alkali or alkaline earth metal or ammonium as a surface stratum on the cathode side of the membrane.

Abstract: Metal-complex compounds suitable for use in the electroless deposition of said metal are formed in aqueous solution by a method which comprises providing an aqueous solution of the complexing agent, immersing in the solution at least one anode comprising the metal to be deposited and at least one cathode, the anode and cathode being connected to an adjustable current source, applying a current to the anode and cathode to create a voltage difference therebetween which is sufficient to dissolve metal from the anode into the aqueous solution of the complexing agent and thereby form a compound of the metal and complexing agent, and depositing a lesser amount of metal from solution onto the cathode to enrich the solution in the metal-complex compound. In other embodiments of the invention, devices for carrying out the process are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention has for its object to eliminate the expense of the installation and maintenance of a continuous lighting system for roadways, staircases, doorways and the like by using the light remanence obtained from a photo-luminescent material covering the obstacles or structures to be lighted. The invention provides a material having permanent physical, mechanical and chemical properties which cannot be changed by rubbing or wear; in the textile field, the material may constitute the fabric fibres or a standard fabric can be coated with the material. The material products are photo-luminsecent in their mass and are of the type comprising a synthetic binding agent having a spectral response from the U.V. to close to the I.R.

Abstract: An improvement in an electrolytic hydrodimerization process for hydrodimerizing an olefinic compound such as acrylonitrile to form a dimerized product such as adiponitrile in which an aqueous electrolyte solution comprised of the olefinic compound, a directive salt (providing quaternary ammonium cations) and a conductive salt is electrolyzed in a reaction cell, the aqueous solution is purged from the reaction cell, and subjected to a series of steps involving the recovery of the product, the directive salt and the conductive salt, the recovered salts being used to reconstitute the aqueous solution, the improvement being a functionally coordinated evaporation step which permits a higher rate and more efficient recovery of product and salts, a higher purge rate and a substantially higher yield of the dimerized product. The invention also constitutes an improved electrolyte recovery process.

Abstract: A diagraphm for use in the electrolysis of aqueous solutions of ionizable compounds in electrolytic diaphragm cells is comprised of a support fabric impregnated with particles of a siliceous composition having the formula:(X).sub.m (Si).sub.p (O).sub.q (H).sub.r .multidot.nH.sub.2 OwhereinX is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ti, Zr, Al, Zn and mixtures thereof;p is a number from 1 to about 16;m is zero to about p;q is a number from 2 to about 5p+r;r is zero to about 4p; andn is zero to about 30.The siliceous compositions are capable of undergoing hydration when in contact with at least one of the ionizable compounds in the electrolytic cell.The diaphragms are physically and chemically stable, provide reduced cell voltages during operation of the cell and have increased operational life.

Abstract: A diaphragm for use in the electrolysis of aqueous solutions of ionizable compounds in electrolytic diaphragm cells is comprised of a support fabric impregnated with particles of a siliceous composition having the formula:(X).sub.m (Si).sub.p (O).sub.q (H).sub.r.nH.sub.2 OwhereinX is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ti, Zr, Al, Zn and mixtures thereof;p is a number from 1 to about 16;m is zero to about p;q is a number from 2 to about 5p+r;r is zero to about 4p; andn is zero to about 30.The siliceous compositions are capable of undergoing hydration when in contact with at least one of the ionizable compounds in the electrolytic cell. The support fabric has an electroconductive zone along one side.The diaphragms are physically and chemically stable, provide reduced cell voltages during operation of the cell and have increased operational life.

Abstract: Phosgene, COCl.sub.2, an impurity in BCl.sub.3 is removed by exposing a BCl.sub.3 mixture containing the impurity to an electrical discharge (i.e., electrical excitation energy level) directed through the mixture. The BCl.sub.3 gas with COCl.sub.2 impurity can be flowing or stationary as desired for a particular process.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell comprises an electrolyzing chamber having a pair of terminal electrodes located therein and adapted to be connected to the poles of a D.C. source. A plurality of bipolar electrodes in the form of parallel flat annular discs are located in the chamber between the terminal electrodes and are rotatable about a common central axis through their centers. An electrolyte inlet is located radially outwardly of the bipolar electrodes. In order to provide vigorous scouring of the bipolar electrodes with relative low fluid flows to the cell, the electrolyte inlet comprises one or more elongate slots formed in the cylindrical wall of the chamber and extending in a direction generally perpendicular to the planes containing the bipolar disc electrodes.

Abstract: p-Benzoquinone-diketals of the formual I ##STR1## in which R is H, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkyl or halogen, and R.sup.1 is (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkyl, are prepared by anodic oxidation of benzene or an alkoxybenzene of the formulae ##STR2## in which R and R.sup.1 are as defined for formula I, in methanol containing less than about 5% by weight of water, in th presence of at least one alkali metal fluoride, ammonium fluoride and/or phosphonium fluoride as supporting electrolyte the pH being maintained below 7 by addition of HF.It is especially advantageous to carry out the anodic oxidation in a continuous-flow cell with the use of bipolar electrodes of glass-like carbon wherein the cathode surface is coated with a material reducing the hydrogen overvoltage, preferably titanium carbide.

Abstract: Mill scales formed on the surface of a steel wire are continuously removed by causing the wire to pass through a plurality of pairs of electrodes which are connected to an electric power source and arranged in series in an electrolytic cell without contacting the electrodes. This apparatus is applicable in a continuous stretching equipment.

Abstract: Matrix-bonded permanent magnet comprising anisotropic magnet particles which have an alignment exceeding 90%. The binder is a mixture of an amorphous hot-melt polyamide resin and a processing additive which is a cyclic nitrile derivative of a saturated fatty acid dimer.

Abstract: Ferrite particles having a plurality of distinct Curie temperatures are encapsulated within a polymer matrix to provide tagging material especially useful in identifying explosive materials even after detonation. In one embodiment, phosphor is dispersed within the polymer matrix to facilitate collection of tag particles following detonation. The tags are also usable in tagging other articles, especially where harsh environmental conditions are likely to be encountered.

Abstract: Disclosed is apparatus for subjecting a workpiece to a controlled temperature comprising a light-weight muffle of high diffusivity material having an interior high emissivity surface, an air cooled envelope surrounding the muffle having an infrared reflective interior surface, and a housing which maintains a vacuum in the space outside of the muffle. Heaters and temperature sensors are spaced about the muffle. The heaters are controlled by an electronic feedback control system which actuates the heaters in response to signals received from the temperature sensors. The apparatus is ideally suited for use in the controlled diffusion processing techniques employed in the fabrication of electronic devices because it applies on the order of 90% of the generated heat to the workpiece, can be rapidly heated up and cooled, and can maintain a selected temperature within narrow limits.

Abstract: A method for electrochemically alkanoyloxylation of beta-ionone to alkanoyloxy-beta-ionone, an intermediate for canthaxanthin.

Abstract: Agent for the preparation of the baths for brightening the color of and removing the greyness from white and pastel colored textiles which are made from synthetic fibers or which are provided with an easy-care finish and are made from cotton or blends thereof with synthetic fibers, which consists essentially of an organic polymer which is soluble or emulsifiable in water and is a homopolymer of acrylic or methacrylic acid or an ester or amide thereof, a copolymer of acrylic or methacrylic acid or an ester of amide thereof with acrylic or methacrylic acid alkylpolyalkylene glycol ester, a polyvinyl acetate or a water-soluble starch derivative, and a mixture thereof, and a fluorescent brightener which is soluble or dispersible in water.

Abstract: Corona induced chemical reactions are conducted in a corona discharge zone in which narrow high voltage pulses are applied along with a relatively low voltage bias potential. It is found that for many corona discharge reactions, such as the conversion of oxygen to ozone, the present method increases the electrical efficiency of the reaction.