Abstract: Described herein are systems and methods for detecting a physiological response based on thermal measurements while accounting for consumption of a confounding substance such as a medication, alcohol, caffeine, or nicotine. In one embodiment, a system includes a computer and an inward-facing head-mounted thermal camera (CAM) that takes thermal measurements of a region of interest (THROI) on a user's face. The computer receives an indication indicative of the user consuming a confounding substance that affects THROI, and detects the physiological response while the consumed confounding substance affects THROI. The detection is based on THROI, the indication and a model. Optionally, the model was trained on: a first set of THROI taken while the confounding substance affected THROI, and a second set of THROI taken while the confounding substance did not affect THROI.

Abstract: Disclosed is a mobile robot having a reflector including: a reflector detachably provided at a side of a front surface of a body of the mobile robot; and an infrared sensor including: an infrared transmitter emitting infrared light to the reflector and an obstacle; and an infrared receiver receiving both the infrared light reflected from a line on a floor after being reflected from a wing of the reflector and the infrared light reflected from the obstacle.

Abstract: Thermal measurements of the forehead can be indicative of brain activity, and as such, may be useful for conducting brain-related treatments, such as neurofeedback. In one embodiment, a system for conducting a neurofeedback session includes an inward-facing head-mounted thermal camera (CAM) and a user interface. CAM takes thermal measurements of a region on the forehead (THF) of a user, and is located below the middle of the region. The user interface provides, based on THF, the neurofeedback session for the user. Optionally, a computer controls the neurofeedback session by providing the user feedback via the user interface. The computer may generate the feedback based on the similarity between a current THF pattern and a previous THF pattern of the user taken while the user was in a target state.

Abstract: Described herein are systems and methods for calculating respiratory parameters based on thermal measurements. In one embodiment, a system includes an inward-facing head-mounted thermal camera (CAM) and a computer. CAM takes thermal measurements of a region below the nostrils (THROI) of a user, and THROI are indicative of the exhale stream. Optionally, CAM is located above the user's upper lip and less than 15 cm from the user's face, and CAM does not occlude any of the user's mouth and nostrils. The computer generates feature values based on THROI and utilizes a model to calculate a respiratory parameter based on the feature values. The model was trained based on previous THROI of the user taken during different days. Optionally, the respiratory parameter is indicative of the user's breathing rate. Optionally, the computer detects whether the user breathed primarily through the mouth or through the nose.

Abstract: A measuring arrangement for radiometric density-or fill level measurement of a medium in a measuring tube in the field of automation technology. The measuring arrangement is composed of a radioactive radiation source, a detector unit and a clamping apparatus for the radiation source as well as the detector unit. The invention is distinguished by features including that the clamping apparatus has blocking elements, which make the radiation cone of the radioactive radiation source between the measuring tube and the clamping apparatus laterally inaccessible. In such case, the blocking elements are arranged in such a manner that the measuring arrangement is suitable for different diameters of the measuring tube, without the blocking elements losing their protective action.

Abstract: A vehicle-mounted sensor to be mounted on a vehicle includes: a light emission unit that emits infrared light of a first wavelength range and infrared light of a second wavelength range into space outside the vehicle, a water molecule having respective different light absorption factors to the infrared light of the first wavelength range and the infrared light of the second wavelength range; a light detection unit that detects the infrared light of the first wavelength range and the infrared light of the second wavelength range separately; and a water detection unit that detects water in the space outside the vehicle on the basis of a difference between a light amount of the infrared light of the first wavelength range and that of the infrared light of the second wavelength range detected by the light detection unit.

Abstract: A counting X-ray detector for converting X-ray radiation into electrical signal pulses is disclosed. The counting X-ray detector includes, in a stacked arrangement, an illumination layer, a converter element and an evaluation unit. The illumination layer is designed to illuminate the converter element. The evaluation unit includes a measuring device for ascertaining an electrical direct current component in the converter element and a counting device for ascertaining from the signal pulses a number or an energy of events. A measuring electrode is formed on the converter element and an electrically conducting connection is formed between the measuring electrode and the measuring device.

Abstract: Photoluminescence from a sample detector is detected using an array of photo-sensitive detectors. At least one first photo-sensitive detector of the array is provided with a first type of linear polarization filter and at least one second photo-sensitive detector is provided with a second type of linear polarization filter. The first type of linear polarization filter has a plane of polarization which is at angled with respect to a plane of polarization of said second type of polarization filter.

Abstract: A fast, high-resolution localization microscopy method for a specimen containing fluorescence emitters. In a bright state, emitters emit fluorescent radiation upon excitation irradiation, and in a dark state, the fluorescence emitters do not emit fluorescent radiation upon excitation irradiation. The emitters can be brought from the bright state into the dark state by irradiation, and the dark state has a lifetime after which the emitters return to the bright state spontaneously, such that the emitters blink at a blinking frequency. The blinking specimen is imaged with a spatial resolution and detected with a camera, the intensity of the radiation is set such that emitters are isolated in the individual images in terms of the spatial resolution, and the refresh rate at which the images are produced is not lower than the blinking frequency. Locations are determined for isolated emitters in the images with an accuracy that exceeds the spatial resolution.

Abstract: A chalcopyrite, colquiriite, neutron absorber loaded glass, or plastic scintillator based fiber optic plate for use in a neutron imaging system, including: a plurality of optical fiber segments disposed side-by-side adjacent to one another in a parallel array; and a binder material disposed between and coupling the plurality of optical fiber segments together. A diffuse reflective material is optically coupled to the plurality of first ends of the plurality of optical fiber segments. An optical detector device is optically coupled to the plurality of second ends of the plurality of optical fiber segments opposite the diffuse reflective material. Optionally, the fiber optic plate further includes a diffuse reflective material disposed one or more of on an exterior surface of each of the plurality of optical fiber segments and between the plurality of optical fiber segments.

Abstract: A receiving container for a detector which operates in an ultrahigh vacuum or in a protective gas atmosphere that consists of high-purity gas. The receiving container has a receiving portion which forms at least a portion of the receiving space for the detector, and a cover for hermetically sealing the receiving space. A first sealing surface is arranged at the receiving portion and a second sealing surface matching the first sealing surface is arranged at the cover. Between the sealing surfaces a gasket is arranged. A securing device presses the cover against the receiving portion to provide a defined contact pressure of the gasket.

Abstract: Systems and method are provided for producing portable, high power, broadband terahertz emitters based on arrayed terahertz photoconductive antennas. After such an arrayed structure is made, the phase of terahertz signals that are produced by each photoconductive antenna can be adjusted, and the terahertz signals can be added such that the signals are added constructively. Terahertz emitters based on terahertz photoconductive antenna arrays are advantageously small in size and scalable, allowing for terahertz power to be increased by adding more photoconductive antenna arrays.

Abstract: The three-dimensional (3D) shape of the exhale stream from a user's nostrils is often correlated with the user's state (e.g., an emotional state and/or a certain health condition). Thus, identifying the shape of a user's exhale stream can help determine the user's state. In one embodiment, a system that selects a state of a user includes at least one inward-facing head-mounted thermal camera that takes thermal measurements of at least three regions below the nostrils (THS). THS are indicative of shape of the exhale stream (SHAPE). The system also includes a computer that generates feature values based on THS, which are indicative of the SHAPE, and utilizes a model to select the state of the user, from among potential states of the user, based on the feature values. Optionally, the system includes a user interface that present the user's selected state.

Abstract: Described herein are systems and methods for selecting a trigger of an allergic reaction. In one embodiment, a system includes an inward-facing head-mounted thermal camera (CAM) and a computer. CAM takes thermal measurements of a region on the nose (THN) of the user. Optionally, CAM weighs below 10 g and is located less than 15 cm from the user's face. The computer detects extents of the allergic reaction based on THN, receives indications of potential triggers of the allergic reaction to which the user was exposed, and selects the trigger, from among the potential triggers, based on the extents and the indications. Optionally, during most of the time the user was affected by the trigger, an effect of the trigger, as manifested via changes to THN, was higher than effects of most of the potential triggers.

Abstract: A lithographic apparatus is a machine that applies a desired pattern onto a substrate, usually onto a target portion of the substrate. A lithographic apparatus can be used, for example, in the manufacture of integrated circuits (ICs). The lithographic apparatus has an inspection apparatus with an EUV radiation source. The radiation source emits a radiation beam that includes coherent radiation of a specific wavelength. The beam propagates to illumination optical system, which focuses the radiation beam into a focused beam of illuminating radiation. The illumination optical system illuminates a three-dimensional product structure on the substrate, which scatters the illuminating radiation. On the surface of a detector, the radiation scattered by the product structure forms a diffraction pattern that is used to reconstruct data describing the three-dimensional product structure.

Abstract: The present application relates to devices and methods for generating light sheets and thin light beams with high Rayleigh lengths by using at least two interconnected meso-optical elements.

Abstract: Described herein are systems and methods for providing a breathing biofeedback session utilizing thermal measurements. In one embodiment, a system includes at least one inward-facing head-mounted thermal camera (CAM) that takes thermal measurements of a region below the nostrils (THROI) of a user. THROI are indicative of the exhale stream. Optionally, each CAM is located less than 15 cm from the user's face and above the user's upper lip, and does not occlude any of the user's mouth and nostrils. Optionally, THROI include thermal measurements of at least first and second regions below right and left nostrils of the user. The system also includes a user interface configured to provide feedback, calculated based on THROI, as part of a breathing biofeedback session for the user. Optionally, the system includes a computer that calculates the feedback.

Abstract: Described herein are systems and methods for detecting a physiological response based on multispectral data. In one embodiment, a system includes an inward-facing head-mounted thermal camera (CAM) that takes thermal measurements of a first region of interest (THROI1) on a user's face, and an inward-facing head-mounted visible-light camera (VCAM) that takes images of a second region of interest (IMROI2) on the face. The first and second regions of interest overlap, and the system includes a computer that detects the physiological response based on THROI1, IMROI2, and a model. Optionally, the model was trained based on previous THROI1 and IMROI2 of the user taken during different days. Optionally, the physiological response is indicative of an occurrence of an emotional state of the user, such as joy, fear, sadness or anger.

Abstract: Described herein are systems and methods for detecting a physiological response based on thermal measurements while accounting for touching the face. In one embodiment, a system includes an inward-facing head-mounted thermal camera (CAM) that takes thermal measurements of a region of interest (THROI) on a user's face, and a sensor that provides measurements (M) indicative of times at which the user touches the region of interest (ROI). The system also includes a computer that detects the physiological response based on THROI and M. Optionally, the computer generates feature values based on THROI and M, and utilizes a model to detect, based on the feature values, the physiological response. Optionally, the model was trained based on samples, each including: (i) feature values generated based on previous THROI taken while M indicated touching the ROI, and (ii) a corresponding label indicative of an extent of the physiological response.

Abstract: A method is for simultaneously analyzing nutritional component content in a plurality of various foods or agricultural sources having different ingredients and forms, that is, different physicochemical properties and compositions distributed in Korea by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy. In particular, a method is for rapidly and accurately measuring nutritional component content in a plurality of various foods or agricultural sources having different ingredients and forms, that is, different physicochemical properties and compositions distributed in Korea by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy.