Abstract: A process for treating an exhaust stream which includes high levels of noxious compounds containing chemically bound nitrogen, to produce an effluent stream that is extremely low in oxides of nitrogen and environmentally safe for discharge into the atmosphere. A source of oxygen and fuel is added to the exhaust stream to create a fuel-rich mixture, the quantity of fuel being sufficient to react with the available oxygen. The fuel-enriched stream is provided to a thermal reactor and reacted to provide a heated oxygen-depleted stream which includes quantities of by-product NO.sub.x, which stream is then cooled to 800.degree. to 1000.degree. F. Conversion oxygen is added to the cooled stream which is then passed over a first catalyst bed under overall reducing conditions, the quantity of conversion oxygen added being in stoichiometric excess of the amount of NO.sub.x in the stream, but less than the amount of combustibles, whereby the NO.sub.x is first oxidized to NO.sub.2, and then the NO.sub.

Abstract: Urea increases the solute content of a fertilizer comprising water and at least two different nitrate-containing compounds selected from the group consisting of ammonium nitrate, alkali metal nitrates, and alkaline earth metal nitrates. In addition, urea enhances plant uptake of alkaline earth metals. Particularly favored are quaternary aqueous solutions containing urea, calcium nitrate, and ammonium nitrate.

Abstract: Solid compound fertilizers for dissolving into stock solutions advantageously employing urea phosphate as a phosphorous source. The use of urea phosphate makes it possible to have calcium present as well as nonchelated trace metals without precipitation.

Abstract: A growth promoter for aquatic plants, which increases the carbonate concentration in water to promote the growth of aquatic plants and contains phosphate as an active component, and a method for applying said growth promoter, which comprises placing an aqueous solution or dispersion of the growth promoter in a container of which one end is narrowly opened and placing the container in water in a water tank thereby to allow the growth promoter to ooze through the narrowly opened end.

Abstract: A body made of activated carbon particles bonded together with a clay binder which can be attapulgite and/or sepiolite, and a plasticizing organic binder. The organic binder is more typically cellulose ether and/or cellulose ether derivative at a level of about 2 to 12 wt. % and the clay about 2% to about 30 wt % based on the carbon and clay. A method for making the body involves forming an aqueous mixture composed of the clay, organic binder and carbon, forming the mixture into a body, and drying the formed body.

Abstract: A flue gas desulfurization process and system employing a clear scrubbing liquor and an organic acid buffer conducted under forced oxidation conditions to produce a usable gypsum by-product without scrubber scaling and abrasion is provided. Calcium ion concentration and chloride concentration are suppressed to improve limestone utilization, reduce the consumption of organic acids and improve crystal growth. The FGD system includes a limestone reactor for precipitating gypsum separate from the scrubber system which allows the recovery of pure carbon dioxide and a clarifier/softener tank which allows the production of gypsum-free clear scrubbing liquor and a drier gypsum filter cake.

Abstract: A flexible metal-film laminate can comprise a layered film structure having a metal layer securely bonded to a film layer. The laminate contains a unique metal-oxide attachment structure between the film and metal layer comprising randomly distributed regions of metal-oxide. The peel strength of such a laminate is significantly improved over prior laminates and is resistant to peel strength reduction due to environmental stress. The preferred metal-film laminates made with polyester or polyimide can be used in the manufacture of high-quality, low cost, flexible printed circuit boards.

Abstract: The nitrogen in amides of aldonic and aldaric acids having 5 or 6 carbon atoms in the carbohydrate residue is available to support plant growth, i.e. the materials act as nitrogen fertilizers.

Abstract: Improved release profiles which can, for the first time, be customized to match requirements of systems including crop nutrient uptake are realized by providing a plurality of heterogeneous particles comprised of water-soluble constituents set in a matrix of water-insoluble materials, and further providing a continuous homogeneous barrier of same, or a different water-insoluble material, juxtaposed the peripheral surface of each such heterogeneous particle. A first alternate embodiment includes forming in situ reaction products to reduce the specific gravity of such heterogeneous particles. In a second alternate embodiment, there is substituted for all, or a portion of such water-soluble material, organic media comprised primarily of composted poultry litter wherein soluble iron values remain available for substantial periods of time without incorporating or utilizing expensive conventional synthetic chelating agents.

Abstract: A fertilizer composition is provided which is characterized by high mechanical resistance, anti-caking properties, and a substantially white color, and which fertilizer includes urea and a hydrosoluble additive selected from the group consisting of phosphoric acid, solutions of phosphoric acid in water, and phosphoric acid containing compositions, the additive containing P.sub.2 O.sub.5 in an amount sufficient to provide the fertilizer composition with a content of P.sub.2 O.sub.5 by weight of the fertilizer composition of between about 0.2% to about 7.0% such that the fertilizer composition possesses high mechanical resistance and a low tendency to lumping while maintaining a substantially white color and without affecting the capacity of dissolution thereof.

Abstract: Anticlumping composition intended for fertilizers comprising an aqueous solution of at least one surfactive agent and at least one high molecular weight polymer soluble in the said aqueous solution, wherein the surfactive agent is consisting of a phosphoric ester acid salt.

Abstract: The invention relates to a improved process for the biological transformation of phosphorus and nitrogen containing animal waste excrement into ecologically manageable materials by a process wherein solids in an aqueous slurry of the excrement are precipitated in a solids ecoreactor, the treated slurry is passed to a bioreactor zone where it is soluble phosphorus is precipitated with metallic salts, the slurry is aerobically and anaerobically treated to form an active biomass that actively bioconverts remaining soluble phosphorus and the aqueous slurry containing bioconverted phosphorus is passed to a polishing ecoreactor zone wherein the at least a portion of slurry is bioconverted to a beneficial humus material.

Abstract: Composite structures having a higher density, stronger reinforcing niobium based alloy embedded within a lower density, lower strength niobium based alloy are provided. The matrix is preferably an alloy having a niobium and titanium base according to the expressions:Nb.sub.balance -Ti.sub.27-40.5 -Al.sub.4.5-10.5 -Hf.sub.1.5-5.5 -Cr.sub.4.5-7.9 -V.sub.0-6,orNb.sub.balance -Ti.sub.27-40.5 -Al.sub.4.5-10.5 -Hf.sub.1.5-5.5 -Cr.sub.4.5-7.9 -V.sub.0-6 -Zr.sub.0-1 C.sub.0-0.5.The reinforcement may be in the form of strands of the higher strength, higher temperature niobium based alloy. The same crystal form is present in both the matrix and the reinforcement and is specifically body centered cubic crystal form.

Abstract: A method for producing liquid fertilizer is characterized in that raw material made of human waste consisting of feces and urine is made to come into contact with heated animal oil, plant oil, mineral oil or a mixture of these oils under a reduced pressure, and water contained in the raw material is evaporated from the raw material and moisture made of evaporated water is collected, cooled and liquefied to produce liquid fertilizer.

Abstract: To make an artificial topsoil combine by hand or in a blending machine, by volume, either dredged river silt, sand or basalt, and cellulose from recycled paper or yard waste, with composted animal or human waste for general reclamation and cereal crops, or vegetable or fruit residuals for gardens or potting soil, and then add calcium in the form of calcium silicate as slag or lime and ammonium nitrate or sulfate mixed with water, and then charcoal or equivalent amount of phosphorus, sodium, and sulfur as are present in charcoal. This combination of material replicates the calcium base, decaying cellulose, silt and animal or vegetable waste structure of natural soils.Various soil types can be duplicated by adjusting the base content of sand, silt, or basalt and rearranging the nutrient and mineral content to compensate for differing levels of each, for example: calcium and organic percentages should be increased to maximum when using sand as a base.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for purification a gaseous organometallic compound containing impurities by bringing the compound into contact with a catalyst comprising a copper or nickel component as the essential ingredient to remove oxygen contained in the compound. The above-mentioned process is capable removal of oxygen in an organometallic compound as low as 0.1 ppm and further to a ultralow concentration of 0.01 ppm, which removal has heretofore been impossible, and thereby the production of a ultrapure organometallic compound has been made possible.

Abstract: This agricultural field utilization of tonnage quantities of a composite powder of coal combustion fly ash containing desulfurization residue prevents the escape of fugitive dust from the powder and effectively manages any cementitious tendencies of the powder, while raising the pH of the soil and adding plant nutrient elements to the soil. The powder is added to water at a weight ratio of 10:8-20 in an enclosed tank having a capacity of at least about 2,000 gallons. Mixing is conducted for at least about 5 minutes to form a soil treatment slurry composition easily flowable through a pipe of about 1-inch diameter. The treatment composition is applied on the agricultural soil before the composition hardens to a cementitious state, preferably by spraying directly from the mixing tank. The coating thickness is sufficient to amend just the top portion of the agricultural soil that supports plant growth, to elevate the pH above about 6.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a fertilizer and a process for producing the same which incorporates flyash, which is a by-product from the coal fired utility industry, with an organic fertilizing component comprising manure. The flyash and manure are mixed with the resulting mixture compressed by passing the mixture through a roller press thereby forming a sheet and then fracturing the sheet into chips or other particulate form. The water content of the mixture is controlled in an effort to produce particulates having high dry strength.

Abstract: Polymer topcoated sulfur coated fertilizer compositions are provided which exhibit slow release characteristics and are abrasion resistant, free flowing, non-smearing and essentially dustless products.

Abstract: The levels of hydrogen sulfide and organic sulfides present in gaseous or liquid hydrocarbon streams or mixtures thereof are reduced by contacting the streams with a composition comprising the reaction product of aminoethylpiperazine, an alkanolamine, an etheramine, a polyalkyleneamine, or a polyoxyalkyleneamine with a C1 to C4 aldehyde, including monoaldehydes and dialdehydes, such as ethandial. The solubility of polyamine/aldehyde reaction products is increased by the presence of an enchancing amine/aldehyde reaction product. The enhancing amines include alkanolamines, etheramines, and mixtures thereof.