Abstract: The present disclosure provides a beam synthesis method for measuring an array antenna. The method includes: obtaining a phase, an amplitude, and related distance values of each antenna unit, where the related distance values include a first distance value and a second distance value; calculating a phase directivity pattern of each antenna unit, and compensating the phase directivity pattern of each antenna unit based on the phase and the first distance value of each antenna unit, to obtain a phase error value of each antenna unit; and synthesizing radio frequency signals of a plurality of antenna units based on the phase, the amplitude, the second distance value, and the phase error value of each antenna unit, to obtain an antenna beam.

Abstract: A resource-efficient modulation scheme includes both conventional and zero-amplitude states. The conventional states in 5G/6G are amplitude- or phase-modulated, or both, whereas the zero-amplitude states have zero or substantially zero amplitude. By including modulation states with zero amplitude in the modulation scheme, transmitters can transmit a message more compactly, and using less time or bandwidth, and with a substantial decrease in emitted energy. For example, in a phase-modulation scheme such as BPSK or QPSK, a zero state represents an additional modulation state with zero transmitted amplitude. In a modulation scheme with I and Q branches in quadrature, each branch is separately amplitude modulated, plus additional states with zero amplitude in one or both branches, for different effects. For example, 16QAM with nine additional zero-amplitude states totals 25 available modulation states, resulting in 36% reduction in message size and 44% reduction in transmitted energy.

Abstract: Upon receiving a corrupted message in 5G or 6G, a receiver generally rejects the message or ignores it entirely, because determining which message elements are faulted is difficult and complex. AI-based procedures are provided for localizing faults in specific message elements, and for determining the corrected values when possible. AI inputs may include the amplitude or phase modulation quality of each message element, the measured SNR of each message element, the modulation quality of a preceding demodulation reference, and current backgrounds, among other factors. After training (adjusting according to measured network data), the AI model may then determine the most likely faulted message elements, and may also direct the search for the most likely corrected values. By recovering the original corrected message without an unnecessary retransmission, the system can save time, reduce transmission energy, and avoid generating backgrounds. Many additional aspects are disclosed.

Abstract: This application provides a communication method and a communications apparatus and system, to help improve transmission reliability. One method includes: obtaining, by a terminal device, a configuration parameter comprising a channel state information (CSI) process feature; and in response to determining that the CSI process feature indicates that further enhancements to coordinated multi-point (FeCoMP) CSI is enabled, sending, by the terminal device uplink control information on a physical uplink channel without sending uplink data on the physical uplink channel.

Abstract: A radar system includes an antenna array including a plurality of antenna elements; and a transmitter portion coupled to the antenna array, the transmitter portion being configured to sequentially transmit a first transmit beam and a second transmit beam from a single pulse, the first transmit beam and second transmit beam being formed using the same aperture of the antenna array, wherein a skew angle of the first transmit beam is distinct from a skew angle of the second beam. Such radar system alternatively transmitting through subarrays and receiving each via the entire array and combining the signals such that the transmit and receive parts of one of two 2-way beams point in the same direction and the transmit and receive parts of the second 2-way beam point in the same direction and these directions are within a standard beamwidth of each other.

Abstract: A MIMO communication system is provided. The system may include a first antenna comprising a first cavity, a first plurality of RF ports for generating a feed wave within the first cavity, and a first plurality of sub-wavelength artificially structured material elements as arranged on a surface of the first cavity as RF radiators. The first antenna is configured to generate a plurality of radiation patterns respectively corresponding to the first plurality of ports. The system may also include a second antenna comprising a second cavity and a second plurality of sub-wavelength artificially structured material elements arranged on a surface of the second cavity.

Abstract: A repeater for transmitting millimeter wave signals. A transceiver communicates with a plurality of remote locations over millimeter wave communications links. The of transceiver comprises a patch antenna array including a plurality of patch antennas. The plurality of patch antennas include a transmitter array portion in a first orientation for transmitting signals and a receiver array portion in a second orientation for receiving signals. The receiver array portion is vertically separated from the transmitter array portion by a predetermined distance. The first and second orientations and the predetermined distance vertically separating the transmitter array portion from the receiver array portion limit interference between the transmitted signals and the received signals.

Abstract: A classification apparatus is configured to perform a classification using a neural network with at least one hidden layer and an output layer, wherein the classification apparatus comprises a coarse training unit configured to train the neural network on a subset of neurons of a last hidden layer and a set of neurons of the output layer; and a fine training unit configured to train the neural network on a set of the last hidden layer and a subset of neurons of the output layer. By executing the classification apparatus, training of a classification model can be improved by reducing the computational burden of the classification, speeding up the training time of a classification model, and speeding up the inference time during application of the classification model.

Abstract: Apparatuses, methods, and systems are disclosed for selective retransmission of groupcast data. One apparatus includes a transceiver that transmits groupcast data via sidelink communication to a set of UEs and receives negative acknowledgement feedback via sidelink communication from at least one UE of the set, the negative acknowledgement feedback indicating unsuccessful reception of the groupcast data. The apparatus includes a processor that determines a retransmission mode based on a number of UEs sending negative acknowledgement feedback and controls the transceiver to send selectively beamformed retransmission of the groupcast data according to the determined retransmission mode.

Abstract: Technologies directed to sectorized analog beam searching are described. One method includes a first wireless device receiving a first destination address of a second wireless device, a first angle value corresponding to a first direction, and a second angle value corresponding to a second direction. The first wireless device generates a first signal beam transmitted in the first direction and spanning a first geographic region and receives an RSSI value corresponding to the first signal beam. The first wireless generates a second signal beam transmitted in the second direction and spanning a second geographic region and receives a second RSSI value corresponding to the second signal beam. The first wireless device determines that the first RSSI value is greater than the second RSSI value. The first wireless device determines, using a third signal beam a third angle value corresponding to a third direction located within the first geographic region.

Abstract: A broadcasting system for broadcasting and/or streaming of data includes a gateway and at least one transmitter. The gateway is configured to forward digital content received to the transmitter. The transmitter is configured to transmit the digital content over-the-air. The broadcasting system includes channel coding circuitry that is separately formed with respect to the transmitter. The channel coding circuitry is configured to perform the channel coding of the digital content at least partly which is to be transmitted over-the-air by the transmitter. Furthermore, a method of processing data to be transmitted over-the-air is described.

Abstract: A receiver for detecting and recovering payload data from a received signal is provided. The receiver includes a detector, a frequency synchronizer, and a demodulator. The receiver is configured to detect the received signal. The received signal includes the payload data and signalling data for use in detecting and recovering the payload data. The frequency synchronizer is configured to process the received signal so as to compensate for a frequency offset in the received signal. The demodulator is configured to detect the one or more first symbols and the one or more second symbols, to recover the signalling data from the one or more first symbols, and to use the signalling data to recover the payload data from the one or more second symbols. The sequence is a signature sequence associated with a transmitter of the received signal.

Abstract: Modulation schemes are disclosed that include one or more zero-power modulation states, in which the transmitter briefly emits zero or very low signal for one resource element of a message in 5G or 6G networking. In phase-modulated examples such as QPSK, an additional zero-power state can provide higher information density and shorter message sizes. In pulse-amplitude modulated schemes, the additional states can have zero power in one or both branches, thereby providing multiple additional modulation options. The receiver can readily detect and interpret the zero-power modulation states. Messages transmitted including the zero-power modulation states are generally shorter (in time or in bandwidth) due to the higher information density, and involve substantially lower energy expenditure because the message size is smaller, and because some of the states have zero or very low transmission power. Receivers also can benefit from the smaller size messages.

Abstract: Methods, systems and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for training an action selection neural network. One of the methods includes receiving an observation characterizing a current state of the environment; determining a target network output for the observation by performing a look ahead search of possible future states of the environment starting from the current state until the environment reaches a possible future state that satisfies one or more termination criteria, wherein the look ahead search is guided by the neural network in accordance with current values of the network parameters; selecting an action to be performed by the agent in response to the observation using the target network output generated by performing the look ahead search; and storing, in an exploration history data store, the target network output in association with the observation for use in updating the current values of the network parameters.

Abstract: Disclosed are a communication scheme and a system thereof for converging IoT technology and a 5G communication system for supporting a high data transmission rate beyond that of a 4G system. The disclosure can be applied to intelligent services (for example, services related to a smart home, smart building, smart city, smart car, connected car, health care, digital education, retail business, security, and safety) based on the 5G communication technology and the IoT-related technology. A decoding method includes: performing decoding through an inner code; detecting an error through an outer code; determining a re-encoding method; and performing re-encoding. A method for processing a signal includes decoding a first layer signal to determine first LDPC information bits, encoding the first LDPC information bits and a first parity bits to determine second parity bits; identifying a part of the first LDPC information bits, and decoding a second layer signal.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to cellular technology applications of beamforming performed in the digital domain. In one aspect, an RF system for performing digital beamforming on a per-carrier basis is disclosed, where different phase and/or amplitude adjustments are applied to signals of different frequency ranges (i.e., to different carrier signals). In another aspect, an RF system for performing digital beamforming on a per-antenna basis is disclosed, where different phase and/or amplitude adjustments are applied to signals transmitted from or received by different antennas. In some embodiments, an RF system may be configured to implement both digital beamforming on a per-carrier basis and digital beamforming on a per-antenna basis. The RF systems disclosed herein allow implementing programmable beamforming in the digital domain in a manner that is significantly less complex than conventional implementations.

Abstract: Transmitting a data signal by generating a first symbol in response to the data signal and a first synchronization sequence and a second symbol in response to the data signal and a second synchronization sequence, applying a distributed coding matrix to the first symbol and the second symbol to generate a first transmission signal and a second transmission signal, transmitting the first transmission signal and the second transmission signal to the far field, isolating the first transmission signal by applying the first synchronization sequence to the far field, isolating the second transmission signal by applying the second synchronization sequence to the far field, applying the distributed coding matrix to the first transmission signal to extract the first symbol, applying the distributed coding matrix to the second transmission signal to extract the second symbol and estimating the data signal in response to the first symbol and the second symbol.

Abstract: System and techniques are provided for preconfigured antenna beamforming. A device having a first antenna system for communicating over a first wireless link and a second antenna system for communicating over a second wireless link may be provided. For different transmit power levels of the first and/or second wireless links, an antenna coupling factor between the first antenna system and the second antenna system may be measured for different beamforming configurations of the first antenna system, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) of the first and/or second wireless link may be measured for the different beamforming configurations of the first antenna system, and a beamforming configuration at each of the different transmit power levels with the measured antenna coupling factor and the measured RSSI may be stored in a memory as a predefined beamforming configuration.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A base station may transmit, to a channel engineering device, a configuration for performing a downlink beam refinement procedure with a user equipment (UE). The channel engineering device may transmit one or more reference signals (e.g., one or more channel state information reference signals) to the UE. For instance, the channel engineering device may transmit the one or more reference signals to the UE over resources configured by the base station or may deflect (e.g., reflect, refract, or both) reference signals transmitted to the channel engineering device by the base station. After receiving the one or more reference signals, the UE may transmit a report to the channel engineering device that the channel engineering device may use to update a channel configuration of the channel engineering device (e.g., updating a downlink beam or angle of deflection at the channel engineering device).

Abstract: The present application is related to a method and apparatus of using redundant bits in semi-statically configured HARQ-ACK feedback. A method of receiving information according to one embodiment comprises receiving a first number of code block groups from a base unit, wherein each code block within a code block group is independently decodable; determining a (HARQ-ACK) codebook size corresponding to the first number of code block groups; and transmitting a HARQ-ACK codebook to the base unit, wherein the HARQ-ACK codebook comprises the first number of HARQ-ACK bits with each bit corresponding to one code block group and a second number of padded bits. The first number plus the second number is equal to the determined HARQ-ACK codebook size. The present application enhances the downlink (DL) transmission performance and the uplink (UL) HARQ-ACK transmission reliability.