Abstract: Reactor systems, reactor coolant systems, and associated processes for polymerizing polyolefins are described. The reactor systems generally include a reactor pipe and a coolant system, in which the coolant system includes a jacket pipe surrounding at least a portion of the reactor pipe to form an annulus therebetween, at least one spacer coupling the jacket to the reactor pipe, and a coolant which flows through the annulus to remove heat from the reactor pipe. At least one of the external surface of the reactor pipe, the internal surface of the jacket, and at least one spacer, are independently modified, for example by polishing, coating, or reshaping, to reduce the fluid resistance of the coolant flow through the annulus.

Abstract: A method of recovering a solvent including: supplying polymerization reactants including one or more monomers and a solvent to a reactor to obtain a polymer solution; supplying a stream including the polymer solution to a separator to separate an upper discharge stream including the solvent, wherein the solvent is in a gaseous phase, and a lower discharge stream including the polymer solution; heating a divergence stream including a part of the lower discharge stream from the separator by a heating device and refluxing the divergence stream to the separator; supplying a residue stream including a remainder of the lower discharge stream from the separator to a steam stripping process unit; and adjusting a vapor mass fraction of the divergence stream which is refluxed to the separator with a pressure adjustment valve after being heated by the heating device.

Abstract: A polymer capable of securing pattern uniformity in a photoresist pattern, the polymer containing a photoacid generator by including a structure unit represented by Chemical Formula 1a; and a structure unit represented by Chemical Formula 1b as shown in the specification.

Abstract: A method of preparing a carboxylic acid-modified nitrile-based copolymer latex is provided. The method of preparing a carboxylic acid-modified nitrile-based copolymer later includes emulsion-polymerizing a monomer mixture including a conjugated diene-based monomer, an ethylenically unsaturated nitrile-based monomer, and an ethylenically unsaturated acid monomer in the presence of a cross-linking agent including glyoxal.

Abstract: An ion exchange membrane containing a fluorinated polymer, wherein in a case where by Raman spectroscopy, polarized light orthogonal to the thickness direction of the ion exchange membrane is irradiated to obtain a spectrum chart, whereby the ratio of the peak area a2 of Raman shift 680 to 760 cm?1 to the peak area al of Raman shift 1,025 to 1,095 cm?1 is taken as A1, and by Raman spectroscopy, to a cross section in the thickness direction of the ion exchange membrane, polarized light parallel with the thickness direction is irradiated to obtain a spectrum chart, whereby the ratio of the peak area b2 of Raman shift 920 to 1,025 cm?1 to the peak area b1 of Raman shift 1,025 to 1,095 cm?1 is taken as B1, B1/A1 is at least 1.05.

Abstract: A resin composition including: at least one resin ingredient selected from the group made of a resin (A) having a side chain (a) containing a hydrogen-bonding cross-linking moiety with a carbonyl-containing group and/or a nitrogen-containing heterocycle and having a glass transition point of 25° C. or lower, and a resin (B) containing a hydrogen-bonding cross-linking moiety and a covalent-bonding cross-linking moiety in a side chain and having a glass transition point of 25° C. or lower, wherein both the resin (A) and the resin (B) are a reaction product of a cross-linking agent with a maleic anhydride-modified thermoplastic resin having a melting point of 68° C. to 134° C. and a maleation rate of 0.5 to 2.5% by mass.

Abstract: A method for monitoring polymerization processes can include reacting by polymerization a feedstock in the presence of a catalyst in a reactor to produce an effluent comprising a polymer and a solvent; measuring a density of the effluent; and calculating a monomer conversion rate and/or a polymerization rate for the polymerization based on the density of the effluent. A system for monitoring polymerization processes can include a reactor containing an effluent comprising a solvent, a polymer, and a monomer; a flash vessel fluidly coupled to the reactor to receive the effluent from the reactor; and an inline density meter fluidly coupled to the reactor, placed between the reactor and the flash vessel, and configured to measure a density of the effluent.

Abstract: A vinyl-containing copolymer is copolymerized from (a) first compound, (b) second compound, and (c) third compound. (a) First compound is an aromatic compound having a single vinyl group. (b) Second compound is polybutadiene or polybutadiene-styrene having side vinyl groups. (c) Third compound is an acrylate compound. The vinyl-containing copolymer includes 0.003 mol/g to 0.010 mol/g of benzene ring, 0.0005 mol/g to 0.008 mol/g of vinyl group, and 1.2*10?5 mol/g to 2.4*10?4 mol/g of ester group.

Abstract: Embodiments in accordance with the present invention encompass an organoruthenium compound of the formula I: (I) wherein X, Y, L1, L2, R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are as defined herein. Also disclosed herein are the use of organoruthenium compound of the formula I as (pre)catalysts for the olefin metathesis reactions, as well as to the process for carrying out the olefin metathesis reaction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a container (1) made of glass or stoneware for a beverage having surface irregularities in a chosen region, the irregularities forming nucleation sites inside the container, the nucleation sites favouring the formation of bubbles in contact with a carbonated beverage, comprising a layer of enamel (10) coating the chosen region, a plurality of enamel grains (12) arranged on the surface of said layer of enamel (10) and attached to said layer of enamel (10), and a hydrophobic compound (13) arranged on a portion of the surface of said enamel grains (12).

Abstract: A heterogeneous procatalyst includes a preformed heterogeneous procatalyst and a metal-ligand complex. The preformed heterogeneous procatalyst includes a titanium species and a magnesium chloride (MgCl2) support. The metal-ligand complex has a structural formula (L)aM(Y)m(XR2)b, where M is a metal cation; each L is a neutral ligand or (?O); each Y is a halide or (C1-C20)alkyl; each XR2 is an anionic ligand in which X is a heteroatom or a heteroatom-containing functional group and R2 is (C1-C20)hydrocarbyl or (C1-C20) heterohydrocarbyl; n is 0, 1, or 2; m is 0-4; and b is 1-6. The metal-ligand complex is overall charge neutral. The heterogeneous procatalyst exhibits improved average molecular weight capability. A catalyst system includes the heterogeneous procatalyst and a cocatalyst. Processes for producing the heterogeneous procatalyst and processes for producing ethylene-based polymers utilizing the heterogeneous procatalyst are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a hydrocarbon resin, in which method a monomer mixture which contains an aromatic component containing indene and/or C1-4 alkylindene and a cyclic diolefin component containing a cyclic diolefin compound is polymerized by heating to a polymerization temperature of at least 180° C. to obtain a product stream containing hydrocarbon resin, wherein oligomers which contain units originating from the cyclic diolefin compound and/or units originating from the aromatic component are separated from the product stream and returned to the monomer mixture, and wherein the hydrocarbon resin is heated in an annealing step to a temperature of 150° C. to 300° C. for a period of 15 minutes to 240 hours. The invention also relates to a hydrocarbon resin that is obtainable by the method, to a hydrogenated hydrocarbon resin, and to the use of the hydrocarbon resin and the hydrogenated hydrocarbon resin.

Abstract: A fire retardant material comprising a carbon fiber which tensile elasticity is 700 GPa or more, and a fire retardant resin such as polycarbonate.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an ionomer includes a neutralized blend of an ethylene acid copolymer. The ethylene acid copolymer comprises the polymerized reaction product of ethylene; from 2 to 20 wt. % of monocarboxylic acid monomer based on the total wt. % of the monomers present in the ethylene acid copolymer; from 2 to 15 wt. % of unsaturated dicarboxylic acid monomer based on the total wt. % of the monomers present in the ethylene acid copolymer. In the ionomer 10 to 60% of total acid units of the ethylene acid copolymer are neutralized by a magnesium cation.

Abstract: A polymer physical property prediction device includes a processor, and a memory storing program instructions that cause the processor to read a structural unit from a storage unit and use the structural unit to calculate numbers each indicating how many substructures are in a polymer, the polymer being formed of repetition of the structural unit, calculate a number indicating how many atoms are in the structural unit, calculate number densities of the substructures from the numbers of substructures and the number of atoms in the structural unit, construct a regression model that predicts a physical property value by using an experimental value of a physical property of the polymer and the number densities of the substructures, input a polymer structure of which the physical property value is to be predicted, and predict the physical property value corresponding to the input polymer structure by using the regression model.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a cellulose acetate composition with excellent biodegradability and water solubility, and excellent thermoformability. A cellulose acetate composition comprising: a cellulose acetate having a degree of acetyl substitution of 0.4 or greater and less than 1.4; and a citrate ester-based plasticizer, wherein a content of the citrate ester-based plasticizer is 3 parts by weight or greater per 100 parts by weight of the total amount of the cellulose acetate and the citrate ester-based plasticizer.

Abstract: A proton-exchange membrane includes a polymer matrix, polymer fibers, or a combination thereof. The proton-exchange membrane also includes a proton-conducting material distributed on the polymer matrix, on the polymer fibers, in the polymer fibers, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A method that includes (a) providing a stream containing ethane and oxygen to an ODH reactor; (b) converting a portion of the ethane to ethylene and acetic acid in the ODH reactor to provide a stream containing ethane, ethylene, acetic acid, oxygen and carbon monoxide; (c) separating a portion of the acetic acid from the stream to provide an acetic acid stream and a stream containing ethane, ethylene, oxygen and carbon monoxide; (d) providing the stream to a CO Oxidation Reactor containing a catalyst that includes a group 11 metal to convert carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide and reacting acetylene to produce a stream containing ethane, ethylene and carbon dioxide; and (e) providing a portion of the stream and a portion of the acetic acid stream to a third reactor containing a catalyst that includes a metal selected from group 10 and group 11 metals to produce vinyl acetate.

Abstract: A thermoplastic polymer composition comprises a polyethylene polymer composition and a salt of bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid. The polyethylene polymer composition can have a Melt Relaxation Product of 50,000 or less. A method for producing an injection molded article comprises the steps of (a) providing a thermoplastic polymer composition as described above, (b) melting the thermoplastic polymer composition, (c) injecting the molten thermoplastic polymer composition into a mold cavity, (d) cooling the molten thermoplastic polymer composition, and (e) ejecting the injection molded article from the mold cavity. A method for producing a film comprises the steps of (a) providing a thermoplastic polymer composition as described above, (b) melting the thermoplastic polymer composition, (c) extruding the molten thermoplastic polymer composition through a slot-shaped die orifice to form a film, (d) cooling the film, and (e) collecting the film.

Abstract: A resin composition for a medical device to be subjected to gas low-temperature sterilization includes a resin and an ion exchanger.