Abstract: A prefabricated form for molding a footing of a settable structural material at the bottom end of a tubular form for a structural pillar is disclosed. The form is preferably constructed from a thermoplastic such as a high density polyethylene or ABS and is molded as a single disposable unit. The form is bell-shaped and has a sidewall which is inclined at an angle of about 45.degree. to about 65.degree. with respect to the bottom edge. A top flange of the form is preferably adapted to accommodate two or more different diameters of the tubular form for the structural pillar. The sidewall may include integral ribs which open inwardly to facilitate evacuation of air as the form is filled and to lend rigidity to the sidewall to ensure that it will not collapse if earth is backfilled around the form before the form is filled with settable material.

Abstract: A dynamic shoreline erosion control system includes a plurality of large rotatable hollow spheres spaced along a line at a distance from the shoreline. The spheres are held together by a heavy duty strong flexible netting which permits movement of the spheres with the incoming and outgoing waves. Openings in the spheres permit the sea water to pass through. A plurality of smaller air-filled balls are disposed within the spheres to likewise rotate under the influence of water flow and provide buoyancy. A group of spheres within a common netting is tied to a pair of pilings at the ends of the netting to limit the extent of movement. Narrower sections of the netting between spheres provide a link and spacing for adjacent elements. Like groups of spheres in nettings can be disposed in parallel pairs with staggered spacing and an array of spaced groups in various geometric arrangements can extend along a large shore area.

Abstract: A pull cap is positioned about the exposed end of a probe rod and engages a pulling device to remove the probe rod from the ground. The pull cap has a first body section with a first concave surface disposed adjacent one end of the first section and for engaging the exposed end of the rod. The first body section also has a first channel on its outer surface adjacent the other end of the first section. A second body section has a second concave surface disposed adjacent one end of the second section and for engaging the exposed end of the rod. The second body section also has a second channel on its outer surface adjacent the other end of the second section. A hinge arrangement is disposed on both the first and second sections adjacent the other ends of the first and second sections. The hinge arrangement hinges the first and second sections together so that the pull cap has an open position and a closed position.