Abstract: Quaterrylenetetracarboxylic diimides I ##STR1## where R is hydrogen;C.sub.1 -C.sub.30 -alkyl whose carbon chain may be interrupted by one or e of --O--, --S--, --NR.sup.1 --, --CO-- and/or --SO.sub.2 -- and which may be monosubstituted or polysubstituted by cyano, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkoxy or a 5-, 6- or 7-membered heterocyclic radical which is attached via a nitrogen atom and which may contain further heteroatoms and may be aromatic, whereR.sup.1 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl;C.sub.5 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl whose carbon skeleton may be interrupted by one or more of --O--, --S-- and/or --NR.sup.1 --;aryl or hetaryl, which may each be monosubstituted or poly-substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkoxy, cyano, --CONHR.sup.2, --NHCOR.sup.2 and/or aryl- or hetaryl-azo, which may each be substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkoxy or cyano, whereR.sup.2 is hydrogen; C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 -alkyl; aryl or hetaryl, which may each be substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: The present invention discloses peptide aldehydes having a lactam group as part of the peptide backbone and having an original mimic group such as an amidinopiperidine or amidinophengyl tail. These compounds are potent and specific inhibitors of thrombin, their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutically acceptable compositions thereof, and methods of using them as therapeutic agents for disease states in mammals characterized by abnormal thrombosis.

Abstract: Processes for efficiently producing .alpha.-halo ketones, .alpha.-halohydrins and epoxides on an industrial scale. The prosesses include one for producing an .alpha.-halo ketone of general formula (3) by decarboxylating a product of reaction between a carboxilic acid derivative of general formula (1) and a metal enolate prepared from an .alpha.-haloacetic acid of general formula (2) or an acceptable salt thereof, one for producing an by reducing the .alpha.-halo ketone (3), and one for producing an epoxide (13) by treating the .alpha.-halohydrin (11) with a base to effect ring closure. The above prosesses are particularly suitable for producing optically active .alpha.-halo ketones, .alpha.-halohydrins and epoxides from the corresponding .alpha.-amino acid derivatives.

Abstract: There is provided a process of effectively separating pentafluorethane (HFC-125) out of a mixture of HFC and chloropentafluoroethane (CFC-115). When the mixture of HFC-125 and CFC-115 is subjected to extractive distillation so as to obtain concentrated HFC-125, methanol, ethanol, butanol, propyl alcohol, pentafluoropropanol, tetrafluoropropanol or acetone is used as an extractant, whereby CFC-115 is obtained as a distillate product and a mixture of HFC-125 and the extractant is separated from HFC-125 by distilling the mixture and re-used in the extractive distillation.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are H, halogen, an aliphatic radical or an aromatic radical, X is O, S or optionally substituted imino, Y is a bond or a bivalent optionally substituted hydrocarbon radical and Z is optionally substituted cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl. The invention furthermore relates to processes for their preparation and their use as pesticides, in particular as insecticides, acaricides and fungicides.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for synthesizing very large collections of diverse diverse tetramic acids, tetronic acids, pentamic acids, pentonic acids, and derivatives thereof and synthetic compound libraries comprising compounds prepared by such methods.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new N-substituted cis-N-propenyl-acetamides of the general formula (I) ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 represents in each case optionally substituted alkyl, -C(alkyl).sub.2 -alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aralkyl or hetarylalkyl;a process for their preparation, and their use for the preparation of 2-chloro-5-methyl-pyridine.

Abstract: The novel optically active 1,1'-biphenanthryl-2,2'-diol is disclosed, which is obtained by preparing N((S)-1-phenylethyl)-1,1'-biphenanthryl-2,2'-diylthiophosphorylamide by using optically active phenylethylamine, recrystallizing the compound into an optically active compound, followed by reduction with a reducing agent. The diol compound according to the present invention is useful as a resolving reagent, a starting material of an optically active phosphine compound or a ligand in asymmetric synthesis, forming a complex with a transition metal or a rare earth element to provide a useful catalyst.

Abstract: A vic-dichloro-fluorinated alkene of the formula: R.sup.1 --CCl.dbd.CCl--R.sup.2, and a fluorinated alkane of the formula: R.sup.1 --CR.sup.3 R.sup.4 --CR.sup.5 R.sup.6 --R.sup.2, wherein each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently represents a perfluoroalkyl group or both of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 form together a perfluoroalkylene group, and R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 independently represent hydrogen or fluorine, are produced from an inexpensive raw material. More specifically, hexachlorocyclopentadiene is reacted with gaseous chlorine using an antimony catalyst, and then the reaction product is reacted with hydrogen fluoride to give 1,2-dichlorohexafluorocyclopentene. Thus-obtained compound is either (i) hydrogenated, or (ii) treated with a fluorinating agent to substitute the chlorine atoms by fluorine atoms, and then hydrogenated, to give the intended fluorinated alkane.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of photochromic material, in particular of photochromic compounds and matrices suitable for use in optical memory systems, including three dimensional optical memory systems for computers, multimedia applications and the like. The photochromic compounds have the following formula: ##STR1## wherein the substituents are defined in the specification.

Abstract: An aldolisation process is disclosed for converting an aldehyde or mixture of aldehydes, such as iso-butyraldehyde and formaldehyde, to a desired polyhydroxy alcohol or glycol, such as neopentyl glycol. Aldolisation is effected in a stirred tank reactor using an alkali catalyst, such as sodium hydroxide. An aldolisation intermediate product is converted to the desired polyhydroxy alcohol or glycol by a hydrogenation or cross-Cannizzaro reaction step. The product is recovered and an aqueous catalyst-containing phase is recycled to the aldolisation zone. At least a portion of this catalyst recycle stream is purged to control the build up of cross-Cannizzaro products in the recycle stream. The purge stream is treated electrolytically to obtain an aqueous catalyst-containing solution for recycle to the aldolisation zone and an effluent stream comprising volatile organic materials and being substantially free from alkali catalyst.

Abstract: An alkanediol such as 1,3-propanediol is prepared in a process which involves reacting an alkylene oxide with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in an essentially non-water-miscible solvent in the presence of a non-phosphine-ligated cobalt catalyst and a lipophilic ruthenium promoter to produce an intermediate product mixture containing a hydroxyalkanal in an amount less than 15 wt %; extracting the hydroxyalkanal from the intermediate product mixture into an aqueous liquid at a temperature less than about 100.degree. C. and separating the aqueous phase containing hydroxyalkanal from the organic phase containing cobalt catalyst; hydrogenating the hydroxyalkanal in the aqueous phase to an alkanediol; and recovering the alkanediol.The process enables the production of an alkanediol such as 1,3-propanediol in high yields and selectivity without the use of a phosphine ligand-modified cobalt catalyst.

Abstract: A powerful new anti-convulsant and anti-ischemic pharmaceutical, 5-aminocarbonyl-5H-dibenzo?a,d!cycloheptene-5,10-imine is prepared according to a novel synthesis which converts the starting material, commercially available dibenzosubernone to ADCI without the use of chromatographic purification, hazardous reagents or extreme conditions. The starting material is converted to the corresponding imine through ammonia exposure, and directly converted with acetone cyanohydrin in the presence of sodium cyanide to a 5-amino, 5-cyanocycloheptene intermediate. The intermediate is cyclized using bromine, followed by a reduction of the bromine-carbon bond using sodium cyanoborohydride. The target compound is obtained through selective hydrolysis. An overall yield of 46 percent or better is obtained.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 1-hydroxy-2-pyridones is described in which a pyrone is reacted with a hydroxyl-ammonium salt in the presence of basic compounds, solvents and organic acids or salts thereof.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for ethylene oxide production. A membrane unit containing a membrane selectively permeable to ethylene over argon is used to recover ethylene from the argon purge stream.

Abstract: A mixture containing two different compounds of the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein n is an integer from 2 to 22 and R is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, --O.multidot., --OH, --NO, --CH.sub.2 CN, C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkoxy, C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 cycloalkoxy, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 alkenyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 alkynyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 acyl or C.sub.7 -C.sub.9 phenylalkyl unsubstituted or substituted on the phenyl by 1, 2 or 3 C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; the weight ratio of the two compounds being 1:20 to 20:1, is useful as stabilizer for organic materials against degradation induced by light, heat or oxidation.

Abstract: A process for the continuous production of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane (HFC-236fa) and/or 1-chloro-1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HCFC-235fa) in the liquid phase wherein the HFC-235fa and/or HFC-236fa serve as solvents for the reaction. When the reaction is conducted in the presence of a catalyst of SbF.sub.3, SbF.sub.5 or a mixture of SbF.sub.5 and HSO.sub.3 F, the reaction mass is unexpectedly less corrosive to the reaction vessel used.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is methoxy and R.sup.2 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl; and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of such compounds.These compounds are substance P antagonists and useful in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, inflammatory disorders, central nervous system disorders and pain.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of 1-alkyl-3-methylpiperidone-2 and 1-alkyl-5-methylpiperidone-2 from 2-methylglutaronitrile wherein the selectivity of the process to bis-1,5-(methylamido)-3-methylpentane is less than 8%.

Abstract: Piperidine compounds having the general formula (I), ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is (a) a group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, phenyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkenyalkyl, phenylalkyl or diphenylalkyl linked to the piperidyl N-atom through an at least 2-membered spacer group; or (b) a group having general formula (II), ##STR2## wherein X is CHR.sup.10, O, S, SO, SO.sub.2 or NR.sup.10, Z.sup.1 is CH.sub.2, O, or S; Z.sup.2 and Z.sup.3 are independently (CH.sub.2).sub.n, n being 0 or 1, O or S or Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 may together represent a group --CH.dbd.CH--; or when Z.sup.3 is (CH.sub.2).sub.n wherein n is 0, Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 may together represent a 3-membered divalent group; show potent sigma receptor activity. Furthermore they show effect in animal models indicative of anxiolytic properties.