Abstract: A process and apparatus for producing calcium sulfide is provided comprising a container housing one or more drums, each drum having a substantially horizontal longitudinal center axis and containing one or more screw conveyors therein. Multiple drums are connected by passageways, and passages are provided for passing material into and out of the container and the drum(s). A heater is provided for supplying heat to the material within the drum(s). The process comprises passing the reactants, gypsum and charcoal, into the container and drum(s), heating the reactants within the drum(s) thereby initiating a chemical reaction converting reactants to products (including calcium sulfide), moving the reactants and products substantially horizontally in the drum(s) through the use of the screw conveyor(s) contained therein, and passing the products out of the drum(s) and the container.

Abstract: A novel injector/reactor apparatus and an efficient process for the partial oxidation of light hydrocarbon gases, such as methane, to convert such gases to useful synthesis gas for recovery and/or subsequent hydrocarbon synthesis. Sources of a light hydrocarbon gas, such as methane, and oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas are preheated and pressurized and injected through an injector means at high velocity into admixture with each other in the desired relative proportions, at a plurality of mixing nozzles which are open to the catalytic partial oxidation reaction zone and are uniformly-spaced over the face of the injector means, to form a reactant gaseous premix having a pressure drop equal to at least about 3% of the lowest upstream pressure of either of said gases.

Abstract: A solution mining process for recovering sodium values from an underground deposit of a sodium bicarbonate containing ore is disclosed. The process involves contacting the ore with an aqueous sodium carbonate-containing solution to produce a dilute brine which is stripped with steam to reduce the bicarbonate content and increase the carbonate content. The dilute carbonate/bicarbonate solution from the stripper is fed to a sodium carbonate decahydrate crystallizer to produce pure sodium carbonate decahydrate crystals and a mother liquor containing less than about 4% sodium bicarbonate.

Abstract: Compost of the present invention has a weight ratio (C/N) of carbon (C) to nitrogen (N) of 9.5 or less on completion of a compost treatment. Further, a method of the present invention for producing the compost comprises the steps of providing a compost material having the weight ratio (C/N) of carbon (C) to nitrogen (N) of 10.5 or less, and carrying out the compost treatment of the compost material by maintaining water content thereof substantially at 30-60%. Thus, the present invention provides the compost excellent in fertilizing activity and the production method thereof.

Abstract: A process for continuous dry granulation of powdered carbon black. Granulation is performed with the assistance of a granulator. As a result, for comparable sized equipment, the carbon black throughput can be increased several times as compared with pelletizing drums used in the conventional manner.

Abstract: A wet flue gas desulfurization process for removing sulfur dioxide from flue gases. The process utilizes an ammonium sulfate scrubbing solution containing free dissolved ammonia as the reagent for the desulfurization process to produce ammonium sulfate as a valuable byproduct. The scrubbing solution contacts the flue gases and absorbs sulfur dioxide within an absorber of a flue gas scrubbing apparatus, and is then accumulated in a tank where the absorbed sulfur dioxide is reacted with oxygen and ammonia to produce ammonium sulfate. The scrubbing solution has a concentration of greater than 46% ammonium sulfate so as to have suspended solids of ammonium sulfate precipitate, preferably 1% to 20% suspended solids.

Abstract: The present invention is a process wherein a process gas comprising at least SO2 and H2S is reacted across a stage of SO2 reducing catalyst, thereby obtaining high conversion of at least the SO2 to elemental sulfur.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for treating the atmosphere to lower the concentration of pollutants therein in which ambient air is passed into operative contact with a stationary substrate having at least one ambient air contacting surface having a pollutant treating material thereon.

Abstract: A honeycomb regenerator is constructed by (a) honeycomb structural bodies arranged in a high temperature portion, in which a temperature is over 1250° C. during a normal operation, made of aluminum-titanate or a combination of aluminum-titanate and mullite, and (b) honeycomb structural bodies arranged in a low temperature portion, made of cordierite and/or mullite, or by (a) honeycomb structural bodies arranged in a high temperature portion, to which an exhaust gas having a high temperature is contacted, made of aluminum-titanate or a combination of aluminum-titanate and mullite, (b) honeycomb structural bodies arranged in a middle temperature portion made of alumina and (c) honeycomb structural bodies arranged in a low temperature portion made of one material or a combination of materials selected from a group of cordierite, mullite and a porcelain.

Abstract: There is provided an animal litter composition of agglomerated or compacted calcined calcium sulfate absorbent. The animal litter is screened to a particle size between 6 mesh and about 100 mesh. In another aspect of the invention, an effective amount of a binder such as a clay, lignin or starch is added to the calcium sulfate to assist the calcium sulfate to pelletize. The pelletized calcium sulfate is sized and calcined. The litter compositions are effective in absorbing urine, clumping and are easily disposed of. There is also disclosed processes for making the animal litter compositions.

Abstract: The current invention provides methods for stabilizing wastes, preparing construction materials and stabilizing soils using compositions including hexametaphosphate, with or without other additives. More particularly, one method of the invention discloses a process for treating a variety of materials including solid and liquid-containing wastes, including for example, common debris or hazardous, radioactive or toxic waste. This method involves combining a waste material with hexametaphosphate, and in some cases other additives. The resulting amended waste may also be compacted. Another method involves use of hexametaphosphate compositions to prepare construction materials. This method involves combining hexametaphosphate with a starting material such as soil, soil-containing compositions, mine tailings, mill tailings and combinations thereof. The resulting mixture is then compacted.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for treating the atmosphere to lower the concentration of pollutants therein in which ambient air is passed into operative contact with a stationary substrate such as an automobile at rest, a billboard, an air conditioning unit, a transportation tunnel and the like, the stationary substrate having at least one ambient air contacting surface having a pollutant treating composition thereon.

Abstract: In order to produce aluminium oxide beads, an acid aluminium oxide sol or an acid aluminium oxide suspension is converted into droplets by a vibrating nozzle plate and pre-solidified after the formation of a bead shape by laterally blowing gaseous ammonia and then coagulated in an ammonia solution.

Abstract: A novel method is described whereby chlorine and sodium sulfate waste by-products from chemical by-products are recycled to form useful chemicals. Sodium sulfate is first reacted to form a metal sulfate and sodium chloride. The sodium chloride may be used as a chemical feed in chlor-alkali plants. The metal sulfate is then reacted to form an ammonium sulfate or bisulfate which in turn is reacted with chlorine to form sulfuric acid. The sulfuric acid may be used a chemical feed in chlorine dioxide plants and in various other chemical processes.

Abstract: Method for treating atmospheric pollutants by contacting the atmosphere with a catalyst composition or adsorptive material coated on the surface of a substrate in which the catalyst composition or adsorptive material is protected from degradation by harmful contaminants contained in the atmosphere by a coating of at least one porous protective material and a device useful therefor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of SnS2 and comprises reacting SnSO4, tin(II) formate or tin(II) oxalate with sulfur under a standard atmosphere or under protective gas without addition of halide-containing substances.

Abstract: Mineral wool plant substrate formed of a coherent matrix of mineral wool having 99.9 to 75 wt % mineral wool and 0.1 to 25 wt % of an organic substance. Clay may be included in the matrix. The matrix may be in the form of a pellet.

Abstract: A process for the removal of thiosulphate from spent Stretford solution, The process comprises adjusting the spent Stretford solution to an acidic pH, preferably in the range of 1 to 3, and adding a peroxygen compound. The process allows the user to recycle spent Stretford solution in a cost effective manner by taking advantage of previously unknown buffering properties in the solution.

Abstract: In wet oxidizing process of an aqueous alkali waste which contains absorbed hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide, a convenient method for improving the safety in oxidizing operation and the efficiency in oxidation reaction.

Abstract: An article of relatively pure silica, and a furnace and method of producing the article. The article is produced by collecting molten silica particles (24) in a refractory furnace in which at least a portion of the refractory has been exposed to a halogen-containing gas to react with contaminating metal ions in the refractory.