Abstract: An electromagnetic casting system for casting materials comprising the apparatus and process for electromagnetically containing and forming molten material during a casting run into a desired shape. During the casting run, a liquid-solid interface defines molten material head and solid material portions of the casting. The electromagnetic containing and forming device includes an inductor applying a magnetic field to the molten material. The magnetic field defines a containment zone for the molten material. An alternating current is applied to the inductor to generate the magnetic field. The improvement comprises controlling the location of the liquid-solid interface in the containment zone. The location of the liquid-solid interface along the periphery of the casting is monitored.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for adjusting the inclination of the small sides in a mold for continuous casting, selectively in response to any variations of the mold sides as such, and in response to any variation of the gap between the casting emerging from the mold and the lower end thereof. A feedback loop operating in response to mold side inclination should be responsive to command input which are dependent upon the casting speed.

Abstract: A continuous metal casting machine having a starter bar handling apparatus which includes a first pivoting arm member generally suspended over the downwardly oriented, generally arcuate strand conveying structure and a second pivoting arm member generally suspended over the upwardly oriented, generally arcuate starter bar receiving structure. Releaseable starter bar engagement means are mounted on the terminal ends of these pivoting arms so that as the first arm pivots downwardly through a vertical arc generally coplanar with the strand conveying structure, the starter bar is moved from the mold to the straightener apparatus. A guide structure or other such control means is mounted in the path of the first arm member so that its terminal engagement means will release the starter bar as it is engaged by the straightener apparatus.

Abstract: A match plate mold-producing apparatus is provided with a flask assembly which has a pair of molding flasks movable toward and away from one another along a fixed guide means, and a flask mover mechanically interconnecting between the pair of molding flasks and actuating movement of the molding flasks, the flask mover per se being arranged so as to be movable with the pair of molding flasks.

Abstract: An improved method of continuously casting nickel containing steel wherein the formation of surface cracks is prevented. The molten steel which is cast contains less than 0.0020% S, less than 0.0045% N, Ca in an amount of from 0.0020 to 0.0070%, Ni in an amount from 5.5 to 10%, the remainder being Fe and unavoidable impurities.

Abstract: An electromagnetic stirrer for use on a continuous steel casting apparatus, the stirrer employing a coil assembly including a pair of exciting cage coils energized by dual-phase alternate current, each having a hollow conductor interiorly defining a cooling water passage and which are folded and arranged in a compact form.

Abstract: A method of making filamentary reinforced metallic structures is disclosed. The method uses a stack of workpieces having two principal opposed surfaces. At least one of the outer workpieces comprises at least one inner sheet made of a metal matrix material reinforced with filamentary material and two cover sheets which sandwich the inner sheets and which extend beyond the periphery of the at least one inner sheet. Selected area of the workpieces are treated to prevent bonding at those areas. The workpieces are stacked and positioned between shaping members such that they enclose at least one chamber of at least one of the shaping members.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for measuring the displacement and velocity of metal ingots, such as aluminum ingots, during direct chill casting thereof. A tube rests on the table carrying the ingot and travels with this table. Attached to this tube is a cable, forming a part of a linear velocity transducer, which transducer senses movement in the cable and correlates this movement to the velocity and displacement of the mold.

Abstract: Disclosed is a two-step process of joining a lead wire to a 2.times.10.sup.-6 m thick platinum alloy film which rests upon an equally thin alumina insulating layer which is adhered to a metal substrate. Typically the platinum alloy film forms part of a thermocouple for measuring the surface temperature of a gas turbine airfoil. In the first step the lead wire is deformed 30-60% at room temperature while the characteristic 10.sup.6 ohm resistance of the alumina insulating layer is monitored for degradation. In the second step the cold pressed assembly is heated at 865.degree.-1025.degree. C. for 4-75 hr in air. During the heating step any degradation of insulating layer resistance may be reversed, provided the resistance was not decreased below 100 ohm in the cold pressing.

Abstract: A protection arrangement for a casting jet emerging from a metallurgical vessel includes a protective tube enveloping the casting jet and fastened to an articulation-rod assembly that is pivotable into any space direction. In order to be able to follow any desired position of the casting jet with the protective tube, the articulation-rod assembly includes a first, vertically extending, four-bar linkage parallelogram which is mounted with its vertically arranged web so as to be rotatable about a vertical axis. To its coupler, an extension arm carrying the protective tube is hinged, forming the oscillating crank of a second four-bar linkage. The web of the second four-bar linkage is formed by an oscillating crank of the first four-bar linkage parallelogram.

Abstract: A non-contact, optical method is provided for controlling a gap between a crucible orifice and a rapidly moving chill surface during casting of metal strip. The method comprises setting a desired value for the gap; measuring the gap by continually scanning it with a light beam; generating a deviation signal that indicates whether there is a difference between the measured and desired values; and using the deviation signal to adjust the crucible position so as to minimize the difference. In a preferred embodiment, the light beam is provided by a laser.

Abstract: In a method for producing a mold for metal casting capable of being easily disintegrated by water which comprises the steps of kneading alumina sand with hydrous sodium aluminate as a binder, forming the kneaded mixture into the desired mold shape and then passing carbon dioxide gas through the mold to decompose sodium aluminate and harden it; the improvement wherein the kneading of alumina sand with the binder before mold formation is carried out in an atmosphere of carbon dioxide gas to decompose 50 to 80% of the sodium aluminate in advance.

Abstract: An apparatus for continuously casting strip material is disclosed comprising a tundish having an internal cavity for receiving and holding molten metal and an orifice passage through which the molten metal is delivered from the cavity to a casting surface located within about 0.120 inch of the orifice passage and movable past the orifice passage at a speed of from 200 to 10,000 linear surface feet per minute. The tundish has at least one molten metal resistant upper block and at least one molten metal resistant lower block vertically aligned and secured sufficiently to prevent molten metal in the cavity from passing through the interface of the secured blocks. The orifice passage has a substantially uniform width dimension, of at least about 0.010 inch, throughout the longitudinal extent thereof.

Abstract: Process for making a multiple unit fixed prosthesis. A conventionally prepared wax bridge is separated into a plurality of segments, a plurality of brace members are partially interconnected between the segments, and an anchoring member having the general configuration of the wax bridge is prepared for attachment to the segmented bridge by first securing a different support member to each pontic and coping of the bridge and by temporarily securing the anchoring member to a preselected one of the pontics or copings. All of the support members are then permanently secured to the anchoring member by an adhesive that does not introduce distortion into the bridge as it hardens.

Abstract: Molten material is fed into an elongated outwardly open mold, moving in a predetermined path, and is thereafter conveyed by the mold movement at least partway through a region of such path over which a closure for the outward opening of the mold moves along therewith, the material concurrently being cooled to become solidified. The movements of such mold and closure cause the solidified material to be extruded through stationary die means disposed in such region. Such material may solder metal formed into a tube into which is inserted rosin, the same heat exchange medium being used both to cool the metal prior to its extrusion and to keep the rosin molten prior to such insertion thereof.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for controlling the level of a molten metal surface in a continuous casting mould uses a probe located either in the molten or above the surface of the molten metal. The probe is connected to a high-frequency transmitter which is arranged to induce voltages in each of two secondary receiver-coils, the receiver-coils being in coupling relationship with a compensating coil and a further coil connected to the probe. The receiver-coils are connected in opposition to one another so that a difference voltage of zero is arranged to be produced when the molten metal surface is at the required level but that the difference voltage is used, when departing from zero, for control purposes of the height of the molten metal surface.

Abstract: Articles of jewelry with gems set in precious metal are cast by a modified lost wax method whereby each gem is retained in position in the investment mold after removal of the wax enabling the setting of the gem to be simultaneous with the casting of the precious metal. The wax model of the article of jewelry is molded with undercut grooves in the sidewall of the gem seat located to engage portions of the girdle of the gem for retention thereof in set position in the finished article. The wax for the model is formulated to provide resiliency to permit the gem to be snapped into position in the wax model prior to embedding the model with the gem set therein in investment material in the conventional flask. Curing time is reduced to approximately one half the conventional fourteen hours by precise control of predetermined time and temperature which also prevents marring of the gems during the curing of the investment and the casting of the precious metal.

Abstract: Aluminum pellets are ejected from the nozzle of an elongated tube into a stream of liquid steel flowing from a tundish into a continuous casting mold. Protective gas is utilized to propel the pellets of aluminum from the elongated tube into the molten stream. A special nozzle structure for the elongated tube insures that the aluminum pellets will properly impinge upon and mix with the molten stream. The elongated tube is retained within a larger cylindrical tube that directs low velocity, protective gas at the molten stream. The protective gas, such as nitrogen or argon, provides essentially nonreactive atmosphere that envelops the molten stream of steel.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for producing one or more hollow sand cores suitable for casting moulds using a bipartite core box defining a mould cavity into which sand and a catalyst or a curing agent are introduced. The method includes the steps of establishing a pressure gradient which decreases from the interior to the exterior of a non-heated core box of porous material; introducing sand and a catalyst or a curing agent into the mould cavity defined by the non-heated core box; and directing the introduced sand and catalyst or curing agent against the interior surface of the non-heated core box, which step of directing, at least in part, is obtained by the pressure gradient established between the interior and exterior of the non-heated core box. The apparatus provides structure for accomplishing the above described method.

Abstract: A process is described in which a weld is produced without residual stresses; or with residual stresses reduced to a low value. Stress cycles of low value at low frequency are applied in the longitudinal direction of the weld by means of an air operated vibrator during welding. Application of stress cycles may be continued after welding, during or after reheating which may be applied to the solidified weld. Stress cycles are applied at high temperature when the weld metal is in a molten state, semi-solid state and solidified state, and thus brings about reduction in dislocation density in solidified crystals. Stress exists at each dislocation and since the dislocation density is reduced, reduction in residual stress takes place thereby eliminating the need for additional stress relieving operations. Since stress cycles are applied during welding, gases in molten metal are driven out and porosity in the solidified weld is reduced.