Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for reducing naphthenic acid content of crude oils and its fractions in the presence of an aqueous base selected from Group IA and IIA hydroxides and ammonium hydroxide and mixtures thereof, a phase transfer agent at a temperature and pressure effective to produce a treated petroleum feed having a decreased naphthenic acid content and an aqueous phase containing naphthenate salts, phase transfer agent and base.

Abstract: During the hydrotreating process, hydrogen sulfide and short chain hydrocarbons such as methane, ethane, propane, butane and pentane are formed. The separation of gas from hydrotreated liquid hydrocarbons is achieved using a stripper and a flash drum. High pressure steam or nitrogen is contacted with the hydrotreated liquid hydrocarbon material. This high pressure steam strips the volatiles, i.e., hydrogen, the volatile hydrocarbons, hydrogen sulfide, and the like, from the oil. The gaseous stream is then separated and cooled to remove condensables, including primarily water, short chain hydrocarbons, and hydrogen sulfide in the water. The condensables are advantageously sent to the gasifier, where the hydrocarbons are gasified, the water moderates the gasifier temperature and increases the yield of hydrogen, and where hydrogen sulfide is routed with the produced synthesis gas to the acid gas removal process.

Abstract: In a method of removing acidic compounds, color, and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, and for removing or converting hydrocarbons containing heteroatoms from used oil distillate, phase transfer catalysts are employed to facilitate the transfer of inorganic or organic bases to the substrate of the oil distillate. An inorganic or organic base, a phase transfer catalyst selected from the group including quaternary ammonium salts, polyol ethers and crown ethers, and used oil distillate are mixed and heated. Thereafter, contaminants are removed from the used oil distillate through distillation.

Abstract: Bromine reactive hydrocarbon contaminants are removed from aromatic streams by first providing an aromatic feedstream having a negligible diene level. The feedstream is contacted with an acid active catalyst composition under conditions sufficient to remove mono-olefins. An aromatic stream may be pretreated to remove dienes by contacting the stream with clay, hydrogenation or hydrotreating catalyst under conditions sufficient to substantially remove dienes but not mono-olefins.

Abstract: Disclosed are an integrated process and plant for slurrying and gasification or combustion of a petroleum resid such as asphaltenes from to make a synthesis gas or steam and/or power. The resid is prilled into a gaseous medium as a liquid with a rotating prilling head to form particles which form into a spherical shape. The liquid particles are directly quenched with a water spray to form a slurry of resid particles in water. The slurry comprises a solids loading of 50 to 80 percent and can also include a minor amount of a dispersant.

Abstract: A process for recovery of hydrocarbon diluent from tailings produced in a bitumen froth treatment plant comprises introducing the tailings into a vacuum flash vessel maintained at a sufficiently low sub-atmospheric pressure to vaporize the major portion of the contained diluent and some water. The residual then pool near the bottom of the flash vessel. Steam is then introduced into the tailings pool for vaporizing residual diluent and some water.

Abstract: A method for recovery of hydrocarbon diluent from tailings produced in a bitumen froth treatment plant comprises introducing the tailings into a steam stripping vessel maintained at near atmospheric pressure, said vessel having a plurality of interior, vertically spaced shed decks, and distributing the tailings over said shed decks. Steam is introduced below the shed decks for vaporizing the major portion of the contained diluent and some water.

Abstract: An improved process and process train for catalytic reforming of hydrocarbons. In its most simple form, the invention includes four unit operations or steps: the reforming itself usually carried out in a series of reactors; one or more steps to separate the reformate liquid product from overhead gases, predominantly C1-C6 hydrocarbons and hydrogen; one or more treatment steps to recover hydrogen from the overhead gases, and one or more treatment steps, including a membrane gas separation step, for the waste gas from the hydrogen recovery step. The process provides improved recovery of hydrogen and LPG, and reduces the amount of gas sent to the fuel line.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the hydrotreatment of feedstocks for fluidic cat crackers comprising reacting such feedstocks over high-conversion catalyst contain grate nickel-tungsten.

Abstract: There are disclosed a process for hydrogenating treating crude oil in the presence of a catalyst which comprises subjecting crude oil to consecutive hydrogenation demetalling treatment, hydrocracking treatment and hydrodesulfurization treatment to carry out hydrogenation treatment, subsequently carrying out gas-liquid separation in a gas-liquid separation step, and hydroreforming the resultant gas-phase fluid; and reformed crude oil or reformed topped crude oil which is produced by mixing the liquid-phase fluid produced from the gas-liquid separation step and the hydroreformed gas-phase fluid. The process markedly improves the qualities of kerosene and gas oil fractions in the product oil, which are expected to clear the prospectively intensified worldwide regulations on sulfur contents, aromatic components and the like.

Abstract: A hydrotreating process is presented for both dewaxing the diesel fraction and reducing the aromatic content of kerosene fraction of a distillate boiling range feed stream. The feed stream is flashed to generate vapor and liquid phase streams. The portion which comprises most of the heavy diesel is passed into a dewaxing zone. The vapor-phase stream, preferably rich in kerosene and light diesel, is used to quench the effluent of the dewaxing zone before it is passed into a downstream aromatics hydrogenation zone. Depending on the composition of the feed to the process, a second flashing step performed in the presence of added hydrogen may be employed to produce the feed to the dewaxing zone. PNA's may be hydrogenated prior to recycling to a hydrocracking zone.

Abstract: A novel liquid collector assembly has been developed for a reactor used in the sweetening of sour hydrocarbons (e.g. sour gasoline). This refinery process normally involves contacting a reaction liquid, comprising both aqueous (caustic solution) and organic (hydrocarbon) phases, with a fixed bed of oxidation catalyst. The collector assembly design, comprising a piping manifold and a plurality of dependent, vertically aligned, and perforated conduits, allows for improved separation of the reaction products into essentially pure treated hydrocarbon and spent alkaline reagent streams. If sodium hydroxide is used as caustic solution, for example, the treated hydrocarbon product will normally contain less than 1 ppm by weight of sodium.

Abstract: A process for isomerising aromatic compounds containing eight carbon atoms is described in which the catalyst used contains at least one zeolite with structure type EUO and a group VIII element. In FIG. 1, the feed to be isomerised is introduced into reactor R via line 1. This fresh feed is enriched via lines 6 and 11 with a mixture containing at least one compound selected from the group formed by paraffins containing eight carbon atoms, benzene, toluene and naphthenes containing eight carbon atoms. Hydrogen is added via line 15.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and apparatus for making substantially spherical, homogenous petroleum resid pellets having a size range between 0.1 and 10 mm, a penetration of essentially 0, a softening point temperature from about 200° to about 400° F., a residual water content of from 0.1 to 10 weight percent, and a sulfur content less than 10 weight percent. The process includes feeding the material in a molten state to a rotating prilling head to discharge the material into free space at an upper end of a pelletizing vessel having a diameter larger than a throw-away diameter of the discharged material, allowing the discharged material to break apart, form into substantially spherical liquid pellets, and fall downwardly into a liquid spray and/or bath to solidify the pellets.

Abstract: A catalytic hydrocracking process wherein a first hydrocarbonaceous feedstock is contacted with a hydrogen and a metal promoted hydrocracking catalyst in a hydrocracking reaction zone at elevated temperature and pressure to obtain conversion to lower boiling hydrocarbons. The resulting hot, uncooled effluent from the hydrocracking reaction zone is hot hydrogen stripped in a stripping zone maintained at essentially the same pressure as the hydrocracking zone to produce a first gaseous hydrocarbonaceous stream and a first liquid hydrocarbonaceous stream. At least a portion of the first liquid hydrocarbonaceous stream is preferably recycled to the hydrocracking reaction zone. A second hydrocarbonaceous feedstock having a boiling temperature range lower than that of the first hydrocarbonaceous feedstock is introduced into an upper end of the stripper to serve as reflux.

Abstract: A process for producing a high VI/low volatility lubricating oil basestock and a lubricating oil basestock prepared by said process. The process comprises subjecting the raffinate from a solvent extraction step to a two step, single stage hydroconversion process wherein the first step involves severe hydroconversion of the raffinate followed by a cold hydrofinishing step.

Abstract: A catalyst carrier composed of a refractory inorganic oxide has a rotationally symmetrical shape having a hollow portion, such as a doughnut shape. An outer peripheral surface and the inner peripheral surface separating the hollow portion are linked by curved surfaces, and the height h of the carrier along the rotational symmetry axis is less than the outer diameter Do of the carrier. Using a catalyst having this carrier shape for a fixed bed makes it possible to prevent granular substances from causing catalyst plugging, and catalyst life can be extended because the catalyst-induced differential pressure increase is low even when granular substances accumulate on the catalyst. It is also possible to prevent the reaction fluid from undergoing channeling. Also provided is a hydrogenation reactor whose fixed bed is packed with the catalyst.

Abstract: A process for producing a lubricating oil basestock having at least 90 wt. % saturates and a VI of at least 105 by selectively hydroconverting a raffinate from a solvent extraction zone in a two step hydroconversion zone followed by a hydrofinishing zone, and a lubricating oil basestock produced by said process.

Abstract: In a method of removing acidic compounds, color, and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, and for removing or converting hydrocarbons containing heteroatoms from petroleum distillates, phase transfer catalyst is employed to facilitate the transfer of inorganic or organic bases to the substrate of the distillate. An inorganic or organic base, a phase transfer catalyst selected from the group including quaternary ammonium salts, polyol ethers and crown ethers, and used oil distillate are mixed and heated. Thereafter, contaminants are removed from the used oil distillate through distillation. A solvent is then mixed with the resulting distillate to extract contaminants therefrom. The solvent is recovered and distilled to separate the contaminants therefrom, and is then reused. The petroleum distillate having the contaminants separated therefrom is also distilled to remove any remaining solvent therefrom, with the recovered solvent being reused.

Abstract: A feed stream is processed in a hydrotreating reaction zone and then the hydrotreating effluent is separated into two fractions in a first high pressure separator. The vapor fraction is passed into a second high pressure separator. A controlled portion of the liquid fraction from the first high pressure separator and the liquid from the second high pressure separator are passed into a hydrocracking zone. The remaining portion of the liquid from the first high pressure separator is passed into the product recovery zone.