Abstract: A process for solvent extraction of oil from oil bearing diatomite ore and an apparatus for use therewith, wherein the ore is extracted by countercurrent decantation with a hydrocarbon solvent, solvent is recovered from the extract by multiple effect evaporation followed by stripping, and the spent diatomite is contacted with water to displace a major portion of the solvent therefrom, and solvent is recovered from the aqueous slurry of the spent diatomite by stripping with steam at superatmospheric pressure.

Abstract: A sequential twin tower fractionation arrangement for separating crude oil is described which is particularly concerned with lowering fractionation heat requirements in conjunction with reducing steam utilization in the combination operation.

Abstract: A process for effecting a deep cut in a heavy hydrocarbon material without a decrease in the quality of the extracted oil caused by the presence of undesirable entrained resinous bodies. The heavy hydrocarbon material is admixed with a solvent and introduced into a first separation zone maintained at an elevated temperature and pressure to effect a separation of the feed into a first light phase and a first heavy phase comprising asphaltenes and some solvent. The first light phase is introduced into a second separation zone maintained at an elevated temperature and pressure to effect a separation of the first light phase into a second light phase comprising oils and solvent and a second heavy phase comprising resins and some solvent. A portion of the first heavy phase is withdrawn and introduced into an upper portion of the second separation zone to contact the second light phase after which it separates therefrom.

Abstract: A process for recovering oil from oil shale containing kerogen which comprises bringing a mixture of oil shale and solvent to a temperature in the range of about 385.degree. to about 440.degree. C. in a time period of less than about 10 minutes, maintaining said mixture at a temperature in the range of about 385.degree. to about 440.degree. C. and a pressure in the range of about 250 to about 2000 pounds per square inch gauge (about 1.72 MPa to about 13.8 MPa) for a period of about 20 minutes to about two hours and thereafter recovering the resulting oil.

Abstract: A high viscosity index mineral lubricating oil is produced by processing a heavy hydrocarbon feedstock, e.g., a deasphalted residiuum in two (2) catalytic steps. The feedstock is first catalytically hydrocracked, hydrotreated then catalytically hydrogenated and can be fractionated and dewaxed to provide a finished product. Improved step (1) catalysts comprise at least one Group VIB metal, Group VIII metal and mixtures thereof on a support involving both silica-alumina and alumina.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for separation of straight chain paraffins from a mixture of paraffinic hydrocarbons by selective adsorption on a molecular sieve followed by desorption of the straight chain paraffins with gaseous hydrogen.

Abstract: Oil sand is mixed with steam and water in a tumbler to produce a slurry. The slurry is then transferred to the immersed portion of an apertured inclined surface in a water bath. The inclined surface may be in the form of a rotating drum, a tilted rotating dish or an inclined moving endless conveyor belt. The sand particles drop through the apertures and are collected from the base of the bath and discarded. The bitumen moves to the submerged portion of the oleophilic inclined surface and attempts to pass through the apertures; it touches the surface and adheres thereto. The adhering bitumen is collected when the coated surface emerges from the slurry. The process gives a good recovery of a bitumen product which has acceptable quantities of solid and water contamination. The temperature of separation, the need for reagents, and water requirements are reduced in comparison to the prior art. The process can generally be used for separating oleophilic materials from hydrophilic materials.

Abstract: A low metals coke is produced in a two-stage coking process in which the first coking stage is once-through fluid coking, and the heavy oil separated from the fluid coking zone effluent is coked in a second coking stage, which is delayed coking.

Abstract: A process for the multistage condensation of an overhead fraction is disclosed. The process employs a single accumulation zone for at least two stages of the condensation, the accumulation zone being characterized by separate accumulation sections formed by a barrier which provides, at or near its bottom, limited liquid flow between the sections.

Abstract: The process relates to the production of olefins by thermal cracking, in the absence of a catalyst, of a fuel value residual hydrocarbon feedstock which, prior to cracking, is extracted with a paraffinic solvent which is selective for the saturated hydrocarbon material present in the feedstock. Preferred extraction conditions include the use of supercritical temperatures and pressures. The solvent is separated from the extracted hydrocarbon material and the latter is then cracked.

Abstract: A petroleum refinery residual oil derived from a naphthenic crude oil is catalytically demetalized, catalytically desulfurized and then fed to a delayed coker to produce premium delayed coke.

Abstract: An improved fluid catalytic cracking process providing improved product yield and selectivity which employs a split flow of recycled, regenerated catalyst to the reactor riser. Process operating temperatures control the flow rates of the recycled, regeneration catalyst.

Abstract: In the production of lubricating oil blend stocks obtained by the distillation, extraction, dewaxing and clay contacting of atmospheric crude distillation column residue, the improvement comprising using a hydrogenated gas oil to supplement the atmospheric crude distillation column residue feedstock.

Abstract: For refining spent motor oils in order to recover lubricating bases to be reused, the stock to be refined is first stripped of water and light hydrocarbons, then a first extraction with a solvent (preferably a lower paraffin), heating the oil stripped of the solvent, distilling it under vacuum to separate light, medium and heavy lubricating bases, heating the heavier lubricating base and then extracting it with the same solvent as aforesaid, and sending the lubricating bases, separately and individually, to a hydrofinishing stage. The recycle to solvent extraction of the heavy bases affords the advantage of important heat savings and the possibility of adopting blander working conditions in the hydrofinishing of the heavier lubricating bases.

Abstract: A process for suppressing the coking tendency of heavy crudes and resids in visbreaking operations comprising treating the charge stock with an inorganic sulfide.

Abstract: A combination of a retorting process with a granular filtration zone whereby finely divided solids are removed from hydrocarbonaceous vapors. Raw hydrocarbon-containing particles such as shale are retorted by contacting them with heat carrier particles, and the resulting hydrocarbonaceous vapors withdrawn from the retort are contaminated with entrained, finely divided solids. These solids are removed from the hydrocarbonaceous vapors by passing the contaminated vapors at substantially the retorting temperature transversely through a downwardly moving bed of solid contact material maintained at approximately retorting temperature. The solid contact material is selected from retorted solids, heat carrier particles and mixtures of them. The mixture of finely divided solids and contact material withdrawn from the granular filtration may be returned to the process.

Abstract: A high pressure fluid hydrocoking process is provided in which certain metal compounds which act as coke forming inhibitors are dispersed in the coker chargestock. Preferred compounds are molybdenum compounds, for example, molybdenum naphthenate. The hydrogen-containing fluidizing gas may also comprise hydrogen sulfide.

Abstract: A process for producing unsaturated hydrocarbons which comprises contacting a paraffin, monoolefin and/or alkylaromatic compounds with a catalyst at a temperature within the range of from 400.degree. to 700.degree. C. in the presence of an inert gas and/or steam. The catalyst comprises a carrier having deposited thereonto an oxide of molybdenum in an amount of from 5 to 35% by weight of the catalyst. As the carrier, use is made of a granulated porous crystalline silica modified with magnesia in an amount of from 1 to 20% by weight of the carrier; a granulated magnesium-titanium carrier consisting of 50 to 95% by weight of MgO and 50 to 5% by weight of TiO.sub.2, or a granulated magnesium-aluminum carrier consisting of 70 to 95% by weight of MgO and 5 to 30% by weight of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3. Through the spent catalyst an oxygen-containing gas is passed at a temperature within the range of from 400.degree. to 700.degree. until catalytic activity is restored to the catalyst.

Abstract: A process for catalytic reforming of hydrocarbons which comprises contacting aliphatic hydrocarbons with steam and a dehydrocyclization catalyst under dehydrocyclization conditions to form a vapor stream containing aromatics and nonaromatics, separating at least a portion of the vapor stream which is compressed, heated, and recycled to the dehydrocyclization reaction to minimize steam diluent requirements for the process.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for separating ethylene in admixture with light olefins by contacting said olefinic mixture under very critical reaction conditions over a special catalyst, such as a zeolite of the ZSM-5 type so as to selectively react the C.sub.3 and higher olefins and convert the same to both gasoline and fuel oil.