Abstract: Provided is a toner, including: a toner particle; and an organic-inorganic composite fine particle on a surface of the toner particle, in which the organic-inorganic composite fine particle includes: a resin fine particle; and an inorganic fine particle embedded in the resin fine particle, and part of which is exposed to a surface of the composite fine particle, and in which the composite fine particle satisfies the following relationships: (i) in viscoelasticity measurement of the composite fine particle, when the loss elastic modulus thereof at a temperature T (° C.) is represented by G?T [dN/m2], a change ratio d(Log(G?T))/dT of a common logarithm of the loss elastic modulus has a minimum in a temperature range of from 60° C. to 150° C., and the minimum is less than ?0.10; and (ii) the loss elastic modulus (G?180) thereof at a temperature of 180° C. is 1.0×104 dN/m2 or more and 1.0×107 dN/m2 or less.

Abstract: An electrostatic latent image developing toner includes a plurality of toner particles containing a binder resin. The binder resin has an amide bond and an ester bond. An area ratio of a peak originated from C?O stretching of the amide bond to a peak originated from C?O stretching of the ester bond is at least 0.00010 and no greater than 0.02000 in a FT-IR spectrum of the toner obtained by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. The toner has a storage elastic modulus at 80° C. of at least 3.5×104 Pa and no greater than 5.0×104 Pa. The toner has a storage elastic modulus at 120° C. of at least 1.0×103 Pa and no greater than 10×104 Pa. The toner has a storage elastic modulus at 150° C. of at least 1.0×103 Pa and no greater than 10×104 Pa.

Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle including a resin component, wherein the resin component includes an olefin resin and an olefin copolymer including a hydroxyl group, the olefin resin has a specific monomer unit Y1, the olefin copolymer including a hydroxyl group has a specific monomer unit Z1 and Z2, a hydroxyl value of the olefin resin is not more than 10 mg KOH/g, a hydroxyl value of the olefin copolymer including a hydroxyl group is at least 20 mg KOH/g and not more than 250 mg KOH/g, and a content of the olefin resin in the resin component is more than 50 mass % with respect to a total mass of the resin component.

Abstract: A method for producing a carboxylic acid anhydride includes heating a composition containing a specific compound in a solvent to yield the carboxylic acid anhydride. The solvent is an aprotic polar solvent having a boiling point of 50° C. or more.

Abstract: An electrostatic charge image developing white toner according to the present invention includes toner base particles including rutile type titanium oxide particles as colorant and a binder resin. The rutile type titanium oxide particles are composed of two groups Ga and Gb of rutile type titanium oxide particles have different volume particle size distribution. A volume particle size distribution curve of the rutile type titanium oxide particles represents diameter on a horizontal axis and volume ratio on a vertical axis and has two main peaks. Diameters Da and Db of peak top positions of the two main peaks are respectively within a range of 100 to 500 nm, and satisfy following Relational expressions: (Relational expression 1):??25 nm?Db?Da?200 nm (Relational expression 2):??(mass of Ga):(mass of Gb)=5:95 to 30:70.

Abstract: A toner includes first toner particles and second toner particles. Each of the first toner particles includes a plate-like colorant particle covered with binder resin particles, and a volume average size of the plate-like colorant particle is equal to or greater than 6 ?m. Each of the second toner particles includes at least one of a binder resin and a releasing agent and not including a colorant, an aspect ratio of the second toner particles is equal to or smaller than 3, and a content ratio of the releasing agents with respect to the second toner particles is equal to or greater than 4 wt % and equal to or smaller than 24 wt %. A content ratio of the second toner particles with respect to the first toner particles is greater than 1 wt % and equal to or smaller than 75 wt %.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for aging spirits using a novel wooden medallion, where the method requires selecting a type of wood, washing the wood, roasting the wood, and contacting the wood with an ethyl or ethanol alcohol based liquid product.

Abstract: According to the present invention, increase in a dynamic friction force can be suppressed and cleaning performance of a cleaning member can be improved under any operating environment without additionally providing a special mechanism. An intermediate transfer member includes a substrate layer and a surface layer, the surface layer contains a cured product of a polymerizable monomer, and the monomer contains a compound represented by the following formula (1): A-[(L-B)k-D]m(D)l??(1) wherein A represents a tetra- or higher-valent organic group, B independently represents an alkylene oxide group having 4 to 15 carbon atoms, D independently represents a (meth)acryloyl group, L independently represents —(CO)— or a single bond, k independently represents an integer of 1 or more, l represents an integer of 0 to 3, m represents an integer of 2 or more, and a sum of l and m represents an integer of 3 or more.

Abstract: An electrostatic charge image developing toner includes toner particles containing a binder resin and a white pigment, wherein, in a particle size distribution of a maximum Feret diameter of particles of the white pigment present in the toner particle, a ratio of particles of the white pigment having a maximum Feret diameter of 200 nm or more and less than 400 nm is 50% by number or more with respect to the entire particles of the white pigment, and a maximum value of a frequency with respect to particles of the white pigment having a maximum Feret diameter of 650 nm or more and less than 1,000 nm is larger than a minimum value of a frequency with respect to particles of the white pigment having a maximum Feret diameter of 500 nm or more and less than 650 nm.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support and a photosensitive layer in this order. The photosensitive layer contains a chlorogallium phthalocyanine crystal obtained by mixing a hydroxygallium phthalocyanine crystal and an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution.

Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle containing a binder resin, a colorant, an amorphous polyester, and a crystalline polyester, wherein the binder resin contains a vinyl resin; the amorphous polyester has a monomer unit derived from a linear aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having 6 to 12 carbons, and a monomer unit derived from a dialcohol; the content of the monomer unit derived from a linear aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having 6 to 12 carbons is 10 to 50 mol % with reference to the total monomer units derived from a carboxylic acid in the amorphous polyester; and in a cross section of the toner particle, the vinyl resin constitutes a matrix and the amorphous polyester constitutes domains, and the crystalline polyester is present in the interior of the domains.

Abstract: A carrier for developing electrostatic latent images is provided. The carrier includes a magnetic core particle and a resin layer coating a surface of the magnetic core particle. The resin layer includes a particulate material A having a volume average particle diameter (a) and a particulate material B having a volume average particle diameter (b). The volume average particle diameter (a) of the particulate material A is the largest among volume average particle diameters of all particulate materials included in the resin layer, and an inequation 100?(a)/(b)?5 is satisfied. The particulate material A is barium sulfate.

Abstract: A toner comprising a binder resin and a release agent, wherein the toner has a difference of 30 or less between a maximum value and a minimum value among peak intensities in a range of Molecular weight M±300 where Molecular weight M is a molecular weight selected from a range of from 300 through 5,000 in a molecular weight distribution of tetrahydrofuran (THF)-soluble components in the toner as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and wherein the peak intensities are defined as relative values assuming a maximum peak value in molecular weights of 20,000 or less is 100, in a molecular weight distribution curve taking an intensity as a vertical axis and a molecular weight as a horizontal axis as measured by GPC.

Abstract: Methacrylate resins of at least one bio-based methacrylate monomer, where the monomer includes a rosin or isosorbide moiety obtained from natural sources, can be used in toner, carrier coating or both.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a toner for development of electrostatic images (hereinafter referred to as toner) which, while preventing dust during fixation, secures improved hot offset resistance and is excellent in providing good image quality. The invention relates to the toner that comprises a binder resin, a colorant and a wax, wherein the wax has, while in a state of being contained in the toner, a melting point of from 55° C. to 90° C., and the value Dt of the toner satisfies a specific formula.

Abstract: The present invention is an instant (agglomerated particle) scoopable protein food supplement powder composition containing at least 70%, more preferably 80%, and most preferably 85-90% animal protein or molecules derived therefrom, carbohydrate less than 10% and preferably undetectable, sodium less than 5% and preferably less than 200 mg per serving, ideally approximately 150 mg per serving. The powder is preferably in the particle size range of about 30-100 mesh, more preferably about 40-80 mesh.

Abstract: An instant beverage tablet in the form of multilayer tablet for producing a layered beverage having one or more cream layer(s), coffee and/or cocoa layer(s) and optionally a foam upon reconstitution in a liquid comprising a dark component having sugar, coffee and/or cocoa particles for producing a dark layer; a white component having creamer and sugar for producing white layer; wherein the dark component has a density in the range of 0.5 to 0.7 g/cm3 and wherein the white component has a density in the range of 0.74 to 0.9 g/cm3 and wherein the dark component is compressed with a compaction pressure of at least 250 kPa and wherein the white component is compressed with a compaction pressure of at least 1250 kPa.

Abstract: Disclosed are toner compositions that contain a core of at least one bio-based amorphous polyester resin, at least one of a crystalline polyester resin, an optional colorant, and an optional wax, and where the core is coated with a polymeric shell.

Abstract: A wax dispersant for a toner including a polymer obtained by graft polymerization of a styrene-acrylic resin onto a hydrocarbon compound, wherein the styrene-acrylic resin has a structural segment derived from a saturated alicyclic compound, and a toner including a toner particle that contains a binder resin, a wax, and a polymer obtained by graft polymerization of a styrene-acrylic resin onto a hydrocarbon compound, wherein the styrene-acrylic resin has a structural segment derived from a saturated alicyclic compound.

Abstract: A magnetic toner containing a magnetic toner particle having a binder resin and a magnetic body, and inorganic fine particles, wherein when the inorganic fine particles are classified as first inorganic fine particles, second inorganic fine particles, and third inorganic fine particles in accordance with fixing strength thereof to the magnetic toner particle and in the sequence of the weakness of the fixing strength, the content of the first inorganic fine particles, the ratio of the second inorganic fine particles to the first inorganic fine particles, and the coverage ratio X of coverage of the magnetic toner surface by the third inorganic fine particles are in prescribed ranges.