Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member that can not easily cause charging lines even where it is an electrophotographic photosensitive member employing as a conductive layer a layer containing metal oxide particles is disclosed. Also disclosed are a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus which have such an electrophotographic photosensitive member. The electrophotographic photosensitive member has a conductive layer which contains titanium oxide particles coated with tin oxide doped with phosphorus or tungsten.

Abstract: An object of the embodiments herein is to provide a toner having excellent visibility upon irradiation with UV light, a toner cartridge, and an image forming apparatus. According to one embodiment, a toner contains at least two or more fluorescent coloring agents selected from the group consisting of a first fluorescent coloring agent, a second fluorescent coloring agent, and a third fluorescent coloring agent, and a binder resin. The first fluorescent coloring agent has a fluorescence peak in a wavelength region of 400 nm or more and less than 500 nm. The second fluorescent coloring agent has a fluorescence peak in a wavelength region of 500 nm or more and less than 600 nm. The third fluorescent coloring agent has a fluorescence peak in a wavelength region of 600 nm or more and less than 650 nm.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a process including a first heating of a latomer mixture including at least one free radical polymerizable monomer, and at least one alkylene anhydride; a second heating of the latomer mixture to form polymeric particles; and combining the polymeric particles with at least one amine.

Abstract: Methods of preparing a liquid electrographic toner composition are provided, wherein a polymeric binder comprising at least one amphipathic copolymer comprising one or more S material portions and one or more D material portions is first prepared in a hydrocarbon reaction solvent, wherein the hydrocarbon reaction solvent comprises less than about 10% aromatic components by weight and has a Kauri-Butanol number less than about 30 mL. Toner particles are then formulated in the hydrocarbon reaction solvent and dried. The dried toner particles are then redispersed in a carrier liquid that is different from the reaction solvent, wherein the carrier liquid comprises less than about 10% aromatic components by weight and has a Kauri-Butanol number less than about 30 mL, to form a redispersed liquid electrographic toner composition. Preferred carrier liquids are silicone oils. Products and kits are also provided.

Abstract: A toner comprising a compound represented by the following formula: R1O(R2O)nH where R1 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 10 to 22 carbon atoms or a distyrene-substituted phenyl group; R2 is an alkylene group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms; and n is an integer of 1 to 15.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member includes a substrate, a charge generating layer, a charge transport layer, and an overcoating layer, the overcoating layer including a cured polyester polyol or cured acrylated polyol film forming resin and a charge transport material.

Abstract: An image forming method comprising the steps of; forming a latent image by exposing an organic photoreceptor to light, and developing the latent image by a developer containing a toner to form a toner image, wherein the organic photoreceptor has a surface layer comprising a binder and fluororesin fine particles having an average primary particle diameter of not less than 0.02 ?m and less than 0.20 ?m and a crystallinity of less than 90%, and has a contact angle for water of 90° or more; and toner particles of the toner has a particle diameter below 0.7×(Dp50) being 10 number percents, Dp50 being 50% number particle diameter. An embodiment may be an organic photoreceptor, which comprises a conductive support; a photosensitive layer provided on the conductive support; and a surface layer containing a binder and a fluorine-containing resin fine particle having a number average primary particle diameter between about 0.02 ?m and about 0.

Abstract: The present invention provides an image-forming method, including pseudo-halftone-processing an input signal corresponding to image information to generate an output signal; irradiating a radiation beam corresponding to the output signal onto a latent image-holding member to form a latent image; developing the latent image with a developer including a toner containing a binder resin and a colorant to form a toner image on the latent image-holding member; transferring the toner image onto a recording medium; and fixing the toner image on the recording medium to form an image, wherein: when a halftone image is formed as the image, the toner image formed on the latent image-holding member is composed of plural toner aggregates scattered like dots on the latent image-holding member; the diameter of the radiation beam irradiated onto the latent image-holding member is 35 ?m or more; the pseudo-halftone processing results in the toner aggregates, which have been transferred onto the recording medium, having uneven

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel photoactive compounds that can be used in formulating photoresist compositions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a toner having: a toner mother particle; a first external additive including a first inorganic fine particle having a primary particle size distribution of 200 to 750 nm and a work function approximately equivalent to that of the toner mother particle; a second external additive including a second inorganic fine particle having an mean particle size smaller than that of the first inorganic fine particle and a work function smaller than that of the toner particle, a stirring member of a developing device and/or an inner wall of the developing device; and 0.01% to 0.3% by weight of a metal soap having a work function approximately equivalent to that of the toner mother particle.

Abstract: A liquid developer that comprises a colorant and a liquid for dispersing the colorant and serves to develop the latent image by causing the colorant to adhere to the latent image on the latent image carrier. The liquid comprises a first liquid comprising a photocurable liquid and a second liquid that is not mutually soluble with the photocurable liquid and comprises a liquid with a specific resistance higher than that of the photocurable liquid.

Abstract: A toner for electrophotography, containing a low-softening point polyester-based resin having a softening point of from 80° to 120° C.; and a high-softening point polyester-based resin having a softening point of higher than 120° C. and 160° C. or lower, wherein the low-softening point polyester-based resin has a viscosity at 160° C. of from 500 to 10000 Pa·s, and a ratio of viscosity at 140° C. to viscosity at 180° C. is 10 or less, and wherein a weight ratio of the low-softening point polyester-based resin to the high-softening point polyester-based resin is from 20/80 to 90/10. The toner for electrophotography of the present invention is used for, for instance, developing electrostatic latent images formed in electrophotography, electrostatic recording method, electrostatic printing method, and the like.

Abstract: Improved organophotoreceptor comprises an electrically conductive substrate and a photoconductive element on the electrically conductive substrate, the photoconductive element comprising: (a) a polymeric charge transport material having the formula where n and m are each a distribution of integers, and the n units of R1—Si—X1—Ar1 and m units of R2—Si—X2—Ar2—X3-Z form either a random, an alternative, or a block copolymer; R1 and R2 comprise, each independently, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, a heterocyclic group, or an aromatic group; X1, X2, and X3 comprise, each independently, a bond or a linking group; A1 and A2 are each a terminal group; Ar1 and Ar2 comprise, each independently, an aromatic group; and Z comprises a functional group; and (b) a charge generating compound. Corresponding electrophotographic apparatuses, imaging methods, and methods of preparing the polymeric charge transport material are described.

Abstract: A toner composition is provider including a branched amorphous polyester resin and a crystalline polyester resin, wherein the toner possesses rheological properties yielding desired characteristics.

Abstract: To provide a developer composition for resists, capable of improving dimensional controllability of a resist pattern. The developer composition for resists comprises an organic quaternary ammonium base as a main component, said developer composition further comprising an anionic surfactant represented by the following general formula (I), and SO42?, the content of S42? being from 0.01 to 1% by mass. In the formula, at least one of R1 and R2 represents an alkyl or alkoxy group having 5 to 18 carbon atoms and the other one represents a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl or alkoxy group having 5 to 18 carbon atoms, and at least one of R3, R4 and R5 represents an ammonium sulfonate group or a sulfonic acid-substituted ammonium group and the others represent a hydrogen atom, an ammonium sulfonate group or a sulfonic acid-substituted ammonium group.

Abstract: A toner composition is provided which contains a polyester resin with hydrophilic groups and hydrophobic end groups and a colorant, wherein said polyester resin is of the formula: wherein R is an alkylene group; X is an aromatic hydrocarbon; Y is selected from the group consisting of an alkali and an alkaline earth metal salt of an arylenesulfonate or an alkylenesulfonate; R? is a hydrophobic group, and m and n represent the number of random segments of from about 50 to about 300 for n, and from about 20 to about 2,000 for m, and m is less than 20 times n.

Abstract: A method for carrying out positive tone lithography with a carbon dioxide development system is carried out by: (a) providing a substrate, the substrate having a polymer resist layer formed thereon, (b) exposing at least one portion of the polymer resist layer to radiant energy causing a chemical shift to take place in the exposed portion and thereby form at least one light field region in the polymer resist layer while concurrently maintaining at least one portion of the polymer layer unexposed to the radiant energy to thereby form at least one dark field region in the polymer resist layer; (c) optionally baking the polymer resist layer; (d) contacting the polymer resist layer to a carbon dioxide solvent system, the solvent system comprising a polar group, under conditions in which the at least one light field region is preferentially removed from the substrate by the carbon dioxide solvent system as compared to the at least one dark field region; wherein the carbon dioxide solvent system comprises a first p

Abstract: A dampening water composition for a lithographic printing comprising an adduct compound of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide to ethylenediamine, which compound has a weight-average molecular weight of from 500 to 1500. The dampening water composition can be used in printing job without requiring a high degree of skill, and is capable of replacing a conventional dampening water composition using isopropyl alcohol, in various continuous water supply-type printing machines.

Abstract: Improved organophotoreceptor comprises an electrically conductive substrate and a photoconductive element on the electrically conductive substrate, the photoconductive element comprising: (a) a polymeric charge transport material having the formula where n is a distribution of integers between 1 and 100,000 with an average value of greater than one; Y comprises an aromatic group; and X is a bond or a linking group; and (b) a charge generating compound. Corresponding electrophotographic apparatuses and imaging methods and methods of making the polymeric charge transport material are described.

Abstract: A positive working resist composition comprising (A1) a resin containing a repeating unit represented by formula (1) defined in the specification and a repeating unit represented by formula (2) defined in the specification and having a property of being insoluble or sparingly soluble in an alkali developing solution and becoming soluble in an alkali developing solution by the action of an acid, and (B) a compound capable of generating sulfonic acid upon irradiation with active rays or radiations in an amount of from 5 to 20% by weight based on the total solid content of the positive working resist composition.