Abstract: A method and composition for treating a host infected with hepatitis C comprising administering an effective hepatitis C treatment amount of a described 1?, 2? or 3?-modified nucleoside or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, is provided.

Abstract: Aryl phosphate derivatives of d4T with para-bromo substitution on the aryl group show markedly increased potency as anti-HIV agents without undesirable levels of cytotoxic activity. In particular, these derivatives are potent inhibitors of HIV reverse transcriptase. In a preferred aspect of the present invention, the phosphorus of the aryl phosphate group is further substituted with an amino acid residue that may be esterified or substituted, such as a methoxy alaninyl group.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process of preparing a novel carboxylic acid derivative of dextran. In particular, in the present invention, carboxylated dextran containing at least one carboxylic acid is reduced to remove all or substantially all reducing groups.

Abstract: The present invention provides a low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose having a loose bulk density of not less than 0.40 g/mL and a tap bulk density of not less than 0.60 g/mL and a process for producing the same.

Abstract: A process for producing crystal 1-kestose wherein granular crystal 1-kestose in the form of large crystals can be produced at a high yield is disclosed. A highly pure solution of 1-kestose is concentrated to a Brix of 75 or higher; either seed crystals are added, or the solution is vacuum-concentrated to generate microcrystals for use as nuclei; then, a crystal growing step by vacuum-concentration and a microcrystal dissolving step for redissolving microcrystals which have formed in the concentrate are repeated at least twice each. Alternatively, a highly pure solution of 1-kestose is concentrated to a Brix of 80 or higher; either seed crystals are added, or the solution is allowed to initiate crystallization; after crystals are allowed to grow, a cooling step where the temperature is lowered by 5° C. to 20° C. from the previous step and a crystal growing step where the concentrate is maintained at the temperature to allow the crystals to grow are repeated at least twice each.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods for solid phase nucleotide synthesis utilizing substituted imidazole catalysts.

Abstract: A chemical fluidification process for a starchy material, which is carried out in a reactor suitable for continuous operation and with a humidity of the reaction mix (starch included) of less thank 25%, which consists in subjecting a starchy material to the hydrolyzing action of a chemical agent. The dwell time of the starchy material in the fluidification reactor is more than 5 minutes and less than 30 minutes. The temperature at the core of said reactor is more than 60° C. and less than 100° C. approximately, a conversion process comprising said chemical fluidification, and starchy materials obtainable by such processes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of stimulating cervical and vaginal secretions in a mammal by treatment with P2Y2 and/or P2Y4 purinergic receptor agonists. Treatment of vaginal dryness associated with menopause, chemotherapy, and various disease states as well as the treatment of vulvar pain is discussed. Suitable agonists such as UTP, CTP, ATP, dinucleotides and analogs thereof are disclosed.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for treatment of occlusive peripheral vascular disease and coronary disease are disclosed. The compositions and methods allow treatment of diseases associated with occlusion of coronary vessels, for example, by promoting growth of new blood vessels, i.e., angiogenesis and/or by recruitment of collaterals. The methods involve the co-administration of an adenosine A2 receptor agonist, e.g., adenosine, and heparin and/or a heparin-like substance over a period of several days. In particular, this invention is applicable to improving collateral coronary circulation in patients suffering from myocardial infarction.

Abstract: A preparative method of separating oligosaccharides from contaminants such as peptides and salts, comprising the steps of reacting a solution containing oligosaccharides and contaminants with a solid support comprising graphitized carbon such that the oligosaccharides substantially bind to the solid support; washing the support to remove any contaminants not bound to the solid support; and eluting the bound oligosaccharide from the support without eluting bound contaminants to obtain a solution of oligosaccharides substantially free of contaminants.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel methods for preparing oligonucleotide conjugates using a novel electrophilic haloacetyl linker. Novel compounds and intermediates are also disclosed.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for therapy of cystic fibrosis and other conditions are provided. The compositions comprise one or more compounds such as flavones and/or isoflavones capable of stimulating chloride transport in epithelial tissues. Therapeutic methods involve the administration (e.g., orally or via inhalation) of such compositions to a patient afflicted with cystic fibrosis and/or another condition responsive to stimulation of chloride transport.

Abstract: A process for preparing double metal cyanide catalysts, comprising combining an aqueous solution of a metal salt of the formula M1m(X)n, with an aqueous solution of a cyanometallic acid of the formula HaM2(CN)b(A)c, where one or both aqueous solutions may comprises at least one water-miscible organic ligand selected from the group consisting of alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, ethers, polyethers, esters, ureas, amides, nitrites or sulfides, if desired, combining the aqueous suspension thus obtained with at least one water-miscible organic ligand selected from the above-mentioned group, which ligand may be identical to or different from any previously added ligand, and separating the resulting two-metal cyanide complex from the suspension.

Abstract: A method for eliciting an &agr;v&bgr;5 or dual &agr;v&bgr;3/&agr;v&bgr;5 antagonizing effect in a mammal which comprises administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the formula which are useful for inhibiting restenosis, angiogenesis, atherosclerosis, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, inflammation or tumor growth.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions comprising acyl derivatives of cytidine and uridine. The invention also relates to methods of treating hepatopathies, diabetes, heart disease, cerebrovascular disorders, Parkinson's disease, infant respiratory distress syndrome and for enhancement of phospholipid biosynthesis comprising administering the acyl derivatives of the invention to an animal.

Abstract: Phenylacetic acid derivatives of the formula I where the substituents and the indexes have the meanings given in the specification, their salts, their preparation and their use.

Abstract: This invention discloses an improved method for the sequential solution phase synthesis of oligonucleotides. The method lends itself to automation and is ideally suited for large scale manufacture of oligonucleotides with high efficiency.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of general structure (I) or salts thereof, wherein B is a nucleobase, X and Z independently are oxygen or sulphur, Y is hydrogen or hydroxy, which optionally may be protected, R1 is hydrocarbyl, which optionally is substituted with a functional group, R2 is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl, which optionally is substituted with a functional group, A is an electron withdrawing or electron donating group capable of moderating the acetal stability of compound (I), L1 and L2 are hydrocarbon linkers, which may be the same or different, L2, when present, being either (i) connected to L1 via the group A, or (ii) directly connected to L1, the group A then being connected to one of linkers L1 and L2, F is a dye label, Q is a coupling group for F, and l, m and n independently are 0 or 1, with the proviso that l is 1 when m is 1, and l is 1 and m is 1 when n is 1. The compounds of formula (I) are useful as deactivatable chain extension terminators.

Abstract: A method for treating HIV infection in human beings comprising the step of measuring viremia, and if viremia is less than 50,000-100,00 copies per milliliter, administering a combination of compounds selected from the group consisting of hydroxyurea, and one or more reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

Abstract: A method for the treatment of a host, and in particular, a human, infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is provided that includes administering an effective amount of a nucleotide prodrug of &bgr;- L-2′, 3′-dideoxyadenosine, wherein the prodrug component of the nucleotide provides controlled delivery of the active species.