Abstract: A continuous, vapor phase method for purifying a crude mixture of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane and one or more unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds, the process comprising: a) providing a photochlorinator vessel comprising 1) a UV lamp unit comprising a UV lamp located in a transparent inner well, the transparent inner well being located within a transparent outer well, the outer well being provided with material for cooling walls of the inner and outer wells; the inner well and the outer well defining separate chambers isolated from each other; and 2) a reaction vessel into which the UV lamp unit has been inserted; b) introducing into the reaction vessel a gaseous mixture of Cl2 and a distillation inseparable mixture of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane and one or more unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds; c) reacting, in the gaseous state and in the presence of UV light from the photochlorinator, the mixture with Cl2 with the distillation inseparable mixture of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane and one or more u

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of di- and polyisocyanates of the diphenylmethane series and mixtures thereof, in which aniline and formaldehyde are reacted in the presence of an acid catalyst to form di- and polyamines of the diphenylmethane series; the di- and polyamines of the diphenylmethane series are phosgenated, optionally in the presence of a solvent, to obtain a crude di- and polyisocyanate; from the crude di- and polyisocyanate, at least one fraction containing at least 5 wt. % 3-ring and multi-ring MDI and at least one fraction containing at least 95 wt. % 2-ring MDI are separated by distillation, and the acidities of the fraction containing at least 5 wt. % 3-ring MDI and multi-ring MDI, and/or the fraction containing at least 95 wt. % 2-ring MDI are determined analytically; and an acidic compound is added to the fraction containing at least 5 wt. % 3-ring MDI and multi-ring MDI, and/or the fraction containing at least 95 wt.

Abstract: The invention relates to a scalable biocatalytic process for the preparation of S-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-propanol with a enantiomeric excess of >99% by asymmetric microbial reduction of 1,1,1-trifluoroacetone with Baker's yeast.

Abstract: A catalytic one-step process for the production of CF3I by reacting, in the presence of a source of oxygen, a source of iodine a reactant of the formula: CF3R where R is —COOH, —COX, —CHO, —COOR2 and —SO2X, where R2 is an alkyl group and X is selected from chlorine, bromine and iodine. The catalyst may be a metal salt such as salts of Cu, Hg, Pt, Pd, Co, Mn, Rh, Ni, V, Tl, Ba, Cs, Ca, K and Ge and mixtures thereof, preferably on a support, such as MgO, BaO and CaO, BaCO3, CsNO3, Ba (NO3)2, activated carbon, basic alumina, and ZrO2.

Abstract: This invention is directed to processes (i.e., methods) for making methanol compositions, and to processes (i.e., methods) of using the methanol compositions. The methanol compositions contain ethanol and are particularly suitable for contacting with an olefin forming catalyst to form an olefin stream.

Abstract: An aldehyde-containing oily solution and an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution are reacted in the presence of a catalyst comprising a polymer compound having a sulfonic acid group in a side chain thereof in a heterogeneous solution system. According to such a reaction process, carboxylic acid can be efficiently produced under mild conditions having very little influence and toxicity on the environment and a human body, with simple operations, without requiring the operation for removing a solvent after the completion of the reaction.

Abstract: Novel cyclic siloxane compounds have both an aliphatic unsaturation-containing organic group and fluorinated alkyl groups within the molecular structure. When used to form silicone fluids and rubbers, they are useful as a modifier for giving novel physical properties thereto and when used as polymerizable monomers, they are effective for improving the performance of polymers or forming polymers with novel physical properties.

Abstract: An effective catalyst includes an amorphous silica-alumina support having a bimodal pore size-distribution. The support may be prepared by a method that includes the physical mixing of two silica-alumina gels prepared so as to have two different average pore sizes. The catalyst has the advantage that both metal dispersion on the support and product diffusion in the pores are optimized. Further, the catalyst has improved performance in the production of hydrocarbons from synthesis gas.

Abstract: A method for selecting maximum and minimum catalyst particle sizes for use in a multiphase reactor that reflects optimum operating conditions of the reactor is based on a maximum Archimedes number for estimating the maximum particle size and a property of a separation system linked to the reactor to determine the minimum particle size. The maximum Archimedes number could be selected based on a maximum catalyst non-uniformity in the reactor. Additionally, a method for producing hydrocarbons from syngas in a slurry bubble column reactor comprises the use of a plurality of fresh catalyst particles with an optimum size distribution based on a range of Archimedes numbers between about 0.02 and 250 or alternatively based on an average Reynolds number less than about 0.1.

Abstract: What is described is a method and an installation for the simultaneous production of methanol synthesis gas, ammonia synthesis gas, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide from natural gas, in which several plant elements (or plant units) are serially arranged one by one in one single production chain, whereat these elements comprise: a first reactor A, in which the natural gas is transformed under oxygen supply into a synthesis gas mixture comprised of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and steam (water vapor), a second reactor B, which allows to control the transformation of carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide, optionally a compressor C for compressing the generated gases, an absorber D for the absorption of carbon dioxide and for obtaining the carbon monoxide-hydrogen mixture used for methanol synthesis, a low-temperature separator E, in which ammonia synthesis gas is obtained by introducing liquid nitrogen, and in which simultaneously carbon monoxide, argon and methane are removed.

Abstract: Process for the treatment of by-products from a reaction for the production of organic compounds comprising a stage of evaporation of a liquid phase comprising heavy by-products on a surface, in order to form a concentrated phase comprising the bulk of the heavy by-products and a vapor phase essentially devoid of heavy by-products, and a stage of recovery of the solid phase from the surface.

Abstract: A process for producing methanol is described in which a hydrocarbon is steam reformed in a reforming zone, and during the reforming stage, of a cyclic steam reformer having a reforming stage and a regeneration stage, the steam reforming being conducted under conditions effective to produce a first effluent stream containing synthesis gas. A fuel and an oxygen-containing gas are combusted in the regeneration stage of the reformer so as to reheat the reforming zone to a temperature sufficient for the reforming stage and generate a flue gas. At least part of the first effluent stream is contacted with a methanol synthesis catalyst under conditions effective to convert synthesis gas to methanol and form a methanol-containing stream and a tail gas stream comprising unreacted carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

Abstract: Production of methanol includes supplying into a reactor a hydrocarbon-containing gas, supplying into the reactor an oxygen-containing as gas, carrying out in the reactor an oxidation of the heated hydrocarbon-containing gas by oxygen of the oxygen-containing gas, and supplying into the reactor a cold hydrocarbon-containing gas to be mixed directly with a mixture of the heated hydrocarbon-containing gas and the oxygen-containing gas at a later stage of the reaction to produce also formaldehyde.

Abstract: A process for thermochemical conversion of heavy oil and petroleum coke to fluid fuels includes the steps of: providing a fossil fuel selected from the group consisting of heavy oil, petroleum coke and mixtures thereof; and exposing the fossil fuel to an external source of concentrated radiation so as to increase the temperature of the fossil fuel, supply high-temperature heat required for the desired endothermic conversion process, and convert the fossil fuel to a product selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, gaseous hydrocarbons and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to hexahydroindan acetal and ketal compounds and their use as fragrance chemicals suitable for incorporation in fine fragrances, cosmetics, toiletries and related applications.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a terphenyl dihalide monomer having sulfonate groups and a process for preparing the same. More particularly, the present invention relates to a terphenyl dihalide monomer having sulfonate groups prepared by a process comprising obtaining a terphenyl dihalide derivative by Suzuki cross-coupling of a tetrahalobenzene and phenylboronic acid and introducing sulfonate groups into the phenyl rings at each end of the terphenyl dihalide derivative, the resultant monomer capable of being prepared into a polymer electrolyte having superior ion conductivity through nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) polymerization due to the presence of two halogen atoms and two conducting sulfonate groups in the monomer molecule, and a process for preparing the same.

Abstract: A process for producing an acrylic ester compound includes reacting in the presence of alkene an alcohol represented by the formula (1), wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon group, a fluorine-containing alkyl group, or an aromatic or aliphatic ring and optionally contains oxygen, sulfur or a carbonyl bond, with an acid halide represented by the formula (2), wherein R2 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, or a fluorine-containing alkyl group, and X represents a halogen atom.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and apparatus for processing agricultural waste to make alcohol and/or biodiesel. The agricultural wastes are subjected to anaerobic digestion which produces a biogas stream containing methane, which is subsequently reformed to a syngas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The syngas is converted to an alcohol which may be stored, sold, used, or fed directly to a reactor for production of biodiesel. The solids effluent from the anaerobic digester can be further utilized as slow release, organic certified fertilizer. Additionally, the wastewater from the process is acceptable for immediate reuse in agricultural operations.

Abstract: A new compound derivative that can be used to form a unit molecular film as a rectifier in a molecular electronic device, a new rectifying compound (4,5,9,10-tetrahydro-pyren-2-yl)-carbamic acid 4-(2-methylsulfanyl-alkyl)-3,5-dinitro-benzyl ester and its derivative (4,5,9,10-Tetrahydro-pyren-2-yl)-carbamic acid 4-(2-methylsulfanyl-alkyl)-3,5-dinitro-benzyl ester, and methods of synthesizing the compounds are provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing a hydrogen-rich stream from a hydrogen-depleted stream. More particularly, the invention relates to a hydrocarbon synthesis process, by way of example, a Fischer Tropsch process, from which both hydrocarbons and high purity hydrogen are obtained. The process comprises contacting the hydrogen-depleted stream with a reverse-selective membrane to provide a CO2-enriched permeate and a hydrogen-containing retentate. The high purity hydrogen is produced from the hydrogen-containing retentate. The high purity hydrogen thus obtained may be used in a process selected from the group consisting of upgrading hydrocarbons produced from the hydrocarbon synthesis process, hydrotreating a natural gas stream, recycling to the hydrocarbon synthesis reaction unit, high purity hydrogen production, catalyst rejuvenation, and combinations thereof.