Abstract: A plurality of genes modulated by estrogen or other agents, such as hormones or combinations of hormones, in various types of tissue is described. One embodiment of the disclosure relates to a plurality of genes, which demonstrates certain patterns of expression differing qualitatively or quantitatively, with and without exposure to estrogen and/or other hormone compositions. Methods of using these genes in identifying candidate agents that exert at least some of the biological effects of estrogen and/or other hormone, and pharmaceuticals and related therapies also is disclosed. The use of the plurality of genes in methods of monitoring, in gene chips and in kits also is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a number of gene markers whose expression is altered in various gliomas. In particular, by examining the expression these markers, one can accurately classify a glioma as glioblastoma multiforme (GM), anaplastic astrocytoma (AA), anaplastic oligodendroglioma (AO) or oligodendroglioma (OL). The diagnosis may be performed on nucleic acids, for example, using a DNA microarray, or on protein, for example, using immunologic means. Also disclosed are methods of therapy.

Abstract: A combinatorial library of fluorescent compounds useful as organelle-specific probes are produced by reacting an aldehyde with a 2- or 4-methylpyridinium salt.

Abstract: Methods for preparing a glycopeptide are disclosed. The methods comprise the steps of selecting a protected glycopeptide of the formula A1-A2-A3-A4-A5-A6-A7, wherein the groups A1 to A7 comprise the heptapeptide structure of naturally occurring vancomycin; at least A4 is linked to a glycosidic group which has a hexose residue linked to A4; and the protected glycopeptide has no free amino or carboxyl groups and has a free primary hydroxyl group only at the 6-position of said hexose residue. The protected glycopeptide is contacted with a compound of the formula ArSO2G where Ar is an aryl group and G is a leaving group under conditions effective to allow reaction of said free primary hydroxyl group to form a glycopeptide sulfonate ester; and the glycopeptide sulfonate ester is contacted with a nucleophile under conditions effective to allow displacement of a sulfonate group to produce a substituted glycopeptide.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to enzymes and intermediates of the non-mevalonate isoprenoid pathway downstream of 2C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclopyrophosphate and upstream of isopentenyl pyrophosphate or dimethylallyl pyrophosphate. These are used as a basis for a screening method for inhibitors of these enzymes, and a method for identifying inhibitor-resistant variants thereof. Further disclosures refer to DNA coding for said enzymes and for inhibitor-resistant variants thereof, vectors containing said DNA, cells containing said vector, and plant seeds comprising cells containing said vector. This invention is useful for the inhibition of the biosynthesis of isoprenoids in plants, bacteria and protozoa, for confering herbicide-resistance to plants, as well as for weed control in agriculture using a crop containing a herbicide-resistant gene and an effective amount of a suitable herbicide.