Abstract: An alcohol sensing device is provided for determining the alcohol content within an alcohol/gasoline fuel mixture provided to an internal combustion engine. The sensing device uses infrared spectrometry measuring techniques. The infrared sensing device determines the ratio of light absorption by the alcohol/gasoline mixture at two discrete wavelengths within the near-infrared spectrum. The two particular wavelengths of interest are preferably chosen so that at one of the infrared wavelengths, alcohol is strongly absorbing while the gasoline exhibits very little absorption, and at the second wavelength both the alcohol and the gasoline exhibit are essentially non-absorbing. A light beam is transmitted through the alcohol/gasoline fuel mixture such that the two discrete wavelengths traverse the same optical path. A first and second detector are adjacently disposed so as to receive the emitted light from each wavelength after their transmission through the alcohol/gasoline fuel mixture.

Abstract: An improved row electrode driving circuit can drive a matrix type display apparatus without necessitating digital signals transmitted between partial row electrode driving circuits. Each of the partial row electrode driving circuits is allocated with a number. In each of the partial row electrode driving circuits, shift register shifts a pulse signal to sequentially output it from a plurality of outputs. At each time when a predetermined number of clock pulses have been counted, a count signal is produced. When the shift direction is set to the upper direction, a signal indicating the allocated number is produced. When the shift direction is set to the lower direction, a signal indicating a number which is obtained by subtracting the allocated number from a specified number is produced. When this number and the clock pulse count number satisfy a predetermined relationship, the pulse signal is output.

Abstract: A double-layered type while/black super-twisted liquid crystal display device including a driving cell and a compensating cell in a layered structure wherein a substrate having no optical anisotropy is interposed between the driving cell and the compensating cell and a heater is arranged on the substrate is disclosed. The heater is composed of two electric conductive films, one of them being deposited on one surface of the substrate and the other one being deposited on the opposite surface of the same. In addition, a liquid crystal display device of the foregoing type wherein a heater comprising a single electric conductive thin film is interposed between the driving cell and the compensating cell is disclosed. Each thin film constituting the heater is deposited by employing a vaporizing process. Alternatively, each thin film constituting the heater may be deposited by employing a spattering process.

Abstract: A hand portable aid for use in the real time radiographic analysis of bones and comprising a substantially rigid sheet of x-ray pervious material at least as large as the bone and carrying a radio-opaque marker against which alignment of the bone may be checked.

Abstract: The system includes a frame provided with jaws (8, 9) for grasping the collimator. The collimator and the case include a system of retractable studs that co-operate with reaction members to retain the collimator (2) on the case (5). The jaws act on the studs (46) to detach the collimator from the case while simultaneously grasping the collimator. It is shown that by acting in this way, the collimator is permanently retained and simultaneously collimator installation and fixing operations are facilitated.

Abstract: Novel methods and devices are provided involving at least one chamber, at least one capillary, and at least one reagent involved in a system providing for a detectable signal. As appropriate, the devices provide for measuring a sample, mixing the sample with reagents, defining a flow path, and reading the result. Of particular interest is the use of combinations of specific binding pair members which result in agglutination information, where the resulting agglutination particles may provide for changes in flow rate, light patterns of a flowing medium, or light absorption or scattering. A fabrication technique particularly suited for forming internal chambers in plastic devices is also described along with various control devices for use with the basic device.

Abstract: A D-type, master/slave, flip-flop is described for use as a divide-by-2 frequency divider in which a frequency to be divided is input as a clock signal and the Q output is connected to the D input, and in which the master section and the slave section consist only of tracking means, latching being effected by using potentials established on tracking transistors of each section during the previous clock pulse.

Abstract: A method of aligning liquid crystal molecules in an active matrix liquid crystal display element having an active substrate (1) provided with a switching element in each pixel for driving a picture element in the pixel, an opposite substrate (2) provided opposite to the active substrate is disclosed. Aligning molecules at the side of the active substrate is performed in a supplementary alignment direction (22) and in a main alignment direction (23). Aligning molecules at the side of the opposite substrate is performed in a direction different from that of the main alignment direction, thereby reducing an influence of a shadow of a projection on the active substrate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a mammographic compression technique which permits the paddle to be aligned in any angular view with the cutout portion of the paddle positioned over the implant to reduce the amount of compression of the implant thereby lessening the blockage of the breast tissue. The invention comprises a compression paddle formed of x-ray transmissive material having sidewalls extending normally from a planar bottom surrounding the periphery which lays outside of the cutout portion.

Abstract: A sun monitoring device has a sensing sheet mounted in a housing to receive incident sunlight through a UV pass filter. The sheet contains a dye which luminesces in response to the incident light in a wavelength range within the UV range, and emits light within the sheet at longer wavelengths. The emitted light is internally reflected in the sheet and emerges at the edge of the sheet. A sensor is disposed to receive such light emerging from a portion of the sheet edge and generate signals in response thereto. Computing means is coupled to the sensor to determine from these signals the power of incident UV light on the sensing sheet in the selected wavelength range.

Abstract: A radiograph identification and filing apparatus and method for photographically imprinting information onto radiographic film and filing the radiographic film. The apparatus comprises an adhesive-backed label and a jacket for storing the film. When used with a darkroom radiograph imprinter, the label, the adhesive backing for the label, and the release liner are all photo-transparent. When used with a radiograph ID camera, the label is photo-opaque. The label is divided into a plurality of information fields which include print information material. In a label for use with an imprinter, the print information is photo-opaque. The jacket includes a pocket for receiving the film and exterior surfaces for receiving the label. For an imprinter, the method includes providing a label having an imprint field having substantially the same dimensions as the light window of the imprinter.

Abstract: An electron beam scanning system employing a relatively short housing chamber wherein an electron beam is produced includes an ion controlling electrode assembly. Located in the housing between the electron gun and system beam optics, the assembly includes a generally cone-shaped rotating field ion controlling electrode (or "RICE") unit comprising cylindrically symmetrical element pairs disposed on opposite sides of the housing Z-axis. Preferably equal and opposite potential sources coupled to elements comprising an element pair create a transverse electric field therebetween. The vector sum of the fields produced by all element pairs is the transverse field created by the RICE unit. The potentials are varied, rotating the overall RICE field to controllably remove most but not all positive ions. The remaining ions improve the electron beam space-charge density, resulting in a sharply focused scanning electron beam.

Abstract: Disclosed is a digital phase-locked loop circuit which provides a control signal for a delay circuit within the feedback path of the phase-locked loop. The circuit has a first series of delay circuits, which have an incremental control signal input, to delay an input clock signal to provide the D input to a D flip flop. The input clock signal is also connected to a second series of delay circuits. The output of this second series is connected to the clock input of the D flip flop. The voltage controlled delay signal input for the second series of delay circuits is supplied by a reference control signal. The output of the D flip flop is passed through a resistor-capacitor filtering circuit and fed back to the first series of delay circuits as the incremental control signal. The delay through the first series of circuits is incrementally larger than the delay through the second, reference, series of delay circuits.

Abstract: Apparatus for storage and retrieval of digital data includes a multidimensional holographic storage medium for storing phase holographic images representative of the digital data. Selected regions of the medium are independently addressable by a beam of light. The storage medium is a spectral hole burning material having absorption regions independently addressable by selected frequencies of light, and includes selectively bleached absorption structures forming frequency channels. An external electric field of selected voltage can be applied to the storage medium to induce Stark effect broadening of the spectral holes, so that at a given frequency of light, a different phase hologram can be stored for each of a plurality of voltages, whereby multiple phase holograms can be stored for each frequency of light. Alternatively, physical stress can be applied to the storage medium to induce a stress field and associated broadening.

Abstract: A known film becomes transparent when heated from a first temperature (for example, room temperature) to a second temperature and non-transparent when heated to a third temperature. These changes are reversible. A film of this type is to be used as a record carrier for optical information. The film (A) is passed continuously or stepwise past an erasing device (L), a cooling device (K), a preheating device (V) and a writing device (S). The film (A) can be made either transparent or non-transparent by heating it to different predetermined temperatures. The information can be recorded on the film in either its transparent form in non-transparent surroundings or in its non-transparent form in transparent surroundings. The device can be used together with the film to obtain a "paperless" office, because the recordings can be erased from the films, which can therefore be constantly re-used.

Abstract: The present invention provides an X ray film cassette with a permanent marking means for identifying the side of the radiographic film that faced the X ray tube during exposure. Such identification is achieved irrespective of whether the film is exposed through the cover or base of the cassette and does not require any separate action by the X ray technologist, eliminating the element of human error. In a preferred embodiment, the working means is comprised of chirally asymmetric X ray opaque and/or light-opaque letters or markings permanently mounted in the film cassette. A user friendly apparatus is described, for installing the light-opaque markers on the intensifying screens of the X ray film cassette.

Abstract: Stereostactic radiosurgery apparatus for eliminating misalignments due to mechanical inaccuracies and sag of a linear accelerator radiation-emitting head which is swung through an arc comprises a guiding and support structure with a first bearing system for accurately rotating a collimator through a precise arc in a vertical plane with respect to a predetermined center point in the plane corresponding to a treatment location, a second gimbal bearing system for coupling the collimator to the head so that the rotating head can drive the collimator through its arc while mechanically uncoupling the head from the collimator by eliminating torques and forces on the collimator which would be exerted by mechanical inaccuracies or sag of the head, and a third bearing system for rotatably supporting a stereotactic floorstand for rotation about a vertical axis which intersects the center point.

Abstract: A display unit including an indicator (1) for projecting a predetermined image, an image forming optical system (3) for forming a real image at a predetermined position according to the image projected by the indicator, and a transparent hologram screen (10) disposed at the image forming position of the image forming optical system to diffract the real image in a predetermined direction with a directivity.

Abstract: A zoom lens system comprises from the object side, a first lens unit of positive refractive power, a second lens unit of negative refractive power, a third lens unit of positive refractive power, a fourth lens unit of positive refractive power, and a fifth lens unit of negative refractive power. The first, third and fourth lens units move towards the object side in a zooming operation from the shortest focal length condition to the longest focal length condition. Further, the zoom lens system fulfills the following conditions:0.4<.vertline.f.sub.2 .vertline./f.sub.w <0.51.0<.vertline.f.sub.5 .vertline./f.sub.4 <5.02.5<e.sub.3T /e.sub.3W <4.5wherein f.sub.2 represents a focal length of the second lens unit, f.sub.w represents a focal length of the whole zoom lens system in the shortest focal length condition, f.sub.5 represents a focal length of the fifth lens unit, f.sub.4 represents a focal length of the fourth lens unit, e.sub.

Abstract: A digital glitch filter includes first and second NOR gates coupled with feedback to form a first sampling stage, third and fourth NOR gates coupled to the output of the first and second NOR gate, respectively, and fifth and sixth NOR gates coupled with feedback to form a second sampling stage and coupled to the output of the third and fourth NOR gate, respectively, as well as three AND gates. A clock pulse generator is used to generate the pulse signals required by the glitch filter. For multiple-signal applications, the glitch filter requires relatively few gates.