Abstract: An array of high fill factor mirrors has each mirror be coupled across two deformable spring bars that are deformed using a drive. The two deformable springs are parallel to each other, and coupled together, e.g., by a cross bar. A support is coupled at one end to the cross bar and at its opposite end to the mirror. Coupled across the deformable spring bars on the opposite side thereof from the mirror support, is at least one moveable drive plate. Motion by the moveable drive plate causes the deformable spring bars to torque, e.g., in the local vicinity of the connection of the drive plate to the deformable spring bars. The torque causes the deformable spring bars to move downward, e.g., near their centers. As a result, cross bar, and hence the mirror, move downward.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods and systems for testing the electrical characteristics of reflective displays, including interferometric modulator displays. In one embodiment, a controlled voltage is applied to conductive leads in the display and the resulting current is measured. The voltage may be controlled so as to ensure that interferometric modulators do not actuate during the resistance measurements. Also disclosed are methods for conditioning interferometric modulator display by applying a voltage waveform that causes actuation of interferometric modulators in the display.

Abstract: To provide a lens array sheet capable of efficiently condensing diffuse light such as the light from a LED light source or EL light source. The lens array sheet comprises a transparent base material, a plurality of light-receiving sections each consisting of a transparent right frustum which is provided on the surface of the base material and is tapered outwardly from the base material, and a plurality of condensing lenses disposed on the back of the base material so as to face the respective light-receiving sections. The side face of the right frustum forms a taper angle larger than 0° and less than 15° with the central axial line of the right frustum, and an aspect ratio (H/D) which is a proportion of the height (H) of the right frustum to the minimum length (D) of the cut surface of the right frustum is larger than 0, and no more than 10.

Abstract: An image display device, in which image display media are sealed between opposed substrates, at least one of two substrates being transparent, and in which the image display media, to which an electrostatic field is applied, are made to move so as to display an image. A construction of particles used as the image display media is improved (the first, second, fourth, fifth, sixth, eighth and ninth aspects of the invention), and a material of the particles used as the image display media is improved (the third, seventh and tenth aspects of the invention). Whiteness of the particles and a liquid powder using the particles is improved, particle agglutination is prevented, and the charge property is controlled. Moreover, durability is improved such that a contrast of the image display during a repetition display is not decreased. As a result, an excellent image display can be achieved.

Abstract: A manually adjustable apparatus for a zoom lens includes a body, a lens set, a sliding base, a rack sliding base, and a transmission gear. The lens set is installed at the body. There is an outer gear located at the rear end of the lens cone of the lens set. The sliding base is fastened at the body. On the bottom surface of the rack sliding base, there is a rack. The transmission gear is pivoted on the body and is interlocked with the rack and the outer gear. The present invention turns the rack sliding base manually to make the lens cone rotate and move via the rack, the transmission gear, and the outer gear for controlling and zooming the lens set. No power is needed so that the power loading of the still camera is reduced, and the cost of the still camera is reduced.

Abstract: The invention relates to a micro light modulator arrangement (10) comprising at least one light transmission path (23) and at least one controllable shutter (11, 16) arranged for modulation of light transmitted via said at least one light transmission path (23), said at least a part of said light transmission path comprising a translucent solid material, and said at least a part of said light transmission path being an integral part of a substrate to which said at least one controllable shutter (11, 16) is anchored.

Abstract: Provided are a lens and a lens unit, whereby even in the case of a small-diameter lens, manufacturing can easily be performed, and a sufficient strength of adhesion to a lens holder can be obtained. The lens includes an effective portion; a peripheral edge portion provided around a periphery of the effective portion, wherein at least one of a front and a rear faces is a planar face intersecting an axial direction; and a rib portion that is provided around a periphery of the peripheral edge portion, that has a front and a rear faces wherein one of the front and the rear faces is a planar face intersecting the axial direction, and that has a thickness reduced to be thinner toward an outer side. The lens unit of the present invention is configured such that the lens is arranged at an end of a lens system, and the lens system is together assembled into a lens holder.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a diffusion lens for diffusing LED light. The diffusion lens of the present invention includes a bottom surface, a conic first lens surface, a second lens surface, and a third lens surfaces. According to the present invention, it is easy to manufacture a mold required to manufacture a diffusion lens for diffusing LED light, and to eject the diffusion lens after molding has been performed, and it can uniformly diffuse LED light in the central direction, the diagonal direction and the lateral direction of the lens.

Abstract: A manufacturing process of an electro-optical apparatus substrate is provided wherein a substrate is coated with a photosensitive resin. A first exposure process is executed with a first reticle to form an uneven portion on the substrate. Subsequently, a second exposure process is executed with a second reticle to remove all the photosensitive resin on portions other than the uneven portion. After the second exposure process, the substrate is developed so as to form an underlying film having an uneven portion.

Abstract: A video connection is established using cameras which are able to be remotely controlled by a distant viewer. A local radio link is established between a telephony device such as a cellular telephone or other wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU). A distant viewer connected through a telephone link can use a video image screen to view the camera image and can use the telephone link to control the operation of the camera.

Abstract: Methods and devices for detecting eye disease and for assessing the clinical stage of an eye disease in an individual. The methods include projecting test patterns onto the retina of a tested eye and subjecting the individual to a competing sensory stimuli. The competing stimuli may be of various different sensory modalities including visual, auditory, or other sensory modalities. If the individual perceives a difference in at least one localized part of the perceived image of a test pattern as compared to a predefined reference pattern, the individual provides a response indicative of the difference or differences. The responses are processed to assess the severity of eye disease if a disease is detected, or to determine the clinical stage of a detected eye disease.

Abstract: A lens barrel including a telescopic cylinder accommodated within a fixed cylinder and lenses, the lens barrel having lens retaining frames and a lens driving device which drives the telescopic cylinder between a collapsed position and an extended position, wherein the lens barrel further includes a retractable lens that is retracted into the fixed cylinder through an opening in a wall of the fixed cylinder when the telescopic cylinder is in the extended position, a retractable lens retaining frame therefor and an impact preventing member, and wherein if the lenses are in the extended position and an external impact is received by the lens barrel, the impact preventing member abuts against one of the lens retaining frames to prevent the lens retaining frames from moving to the collapsed state.

Abstract: A method for increasing the resonant frequency of a torsional hinged device having a reduced attaching area between the torsional hinges and the supporting anchors. The resonant frequency is increased by adding a material over the reduced area to stiffen the connection between the torsional hinges and the support anchors.

Abstract: An image pickup lens for forming a subject image on an photoelectric converter of a solid-sate image pickup element, includes: an aperture stop; a first lens having a positive refractive power; a second lens having a negative refractive power; a third lens having a positive refractive power; and a fourth lens having a negative refractive power. The aperture stop and the first to fourth lenses are arranged in this order from an object side of the image pickup lens, and the image pickup lens satisfies predefined condition.

Abstract: To provide an ophthalmic image pickup apparatus capable of setting a fixation target in a position suitable for image pickup in accordance with a selection of an image pickup purpose (group medical examination such as an adult disease examination or a glaucomatous examination). In addition, it can be determined whether operation of the fixation target is inhibited or allowed in accordance with the selected image pickup purpose.

Abstract: Designs of multiplexing/demultiplexing modules configured for N channels are disclosed. One of the features in the designs is to provide at least one concave mirror for compenstating filter tilting errors. The concave mirrors is placed where an incident traveling distance of a light beam is substantially similar or equal to the reflected traveling distance of the beam such that the filter tilting errors successively introduced over a number of optical filters can be successively reduced, compensated or removed over a subsequent number of optical filters as the light beams travels.

Abstract: An optical device includes a polymer film having first and second surfaces. A first electrode is mapped on the first surface and a second electrode is mapped on the second surface. A deformable optical element is mapped on the first electrode or on the first surface.

Abstract: An apparatus having a plurality of arrayed MEMS devices, each device having a parallel-plate actuator and a reflective plate, both of which are mechanically coupled to a flexible beam attached between two anchors. Advantageously, the use of parallel-plate actuators in the apparatus alleviates stringent requirements for the alignment of lithographic masks employed in the fabrication process. In one embodiment, each flexible beam has a relatively small thickness and a relatively large length to effect a relatively large displacement range for the corresponding reflective plate. Movable electrodes of different parallel-plate actuators are configured to act as an electrical shield for the flexible beams, which reduces inter-device crosstalk in the apparatus. Reflective plates of different MEMS devices form a segmented mirror, which is suitable for adaptive-optics and/or maskless lithography applications.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an electrical connection for a spatial light modulator includes providing a first substrate including a plurality of bias electrodes and a plurality of dielectric bond pads. The method also includes providing a second substrate of a predetermined thickness, the second substrate including a plurality of recessed regions within the predetermined thickness and arranged in a spatial manner as a second array, each of the recessed regions being bordered by a standoff region, and joining the dielectric bond pads of the first substrate to the standoff region of the second substrate. The method further includes forming mirror structures from a first portion of the second substrate, exposing a portion of the upper surface of the plurality of bias electrodes, and depositing a conductive layer on the mirror structures and the exposed portion of the upper surface of the plurality of bias electrodes.

Abstract: An electrophoretic display sheet, includes: a substrate; and an electrophoretic layer made into a film on the substrate, including a plurality of microcapsules, in which an electrophoretic disperse medium containing at least one kind of electrophoretic particle is sealed, and a binder coupling the microcapsules to one another, wherein a degree of affinity of the substrate, the microcapsule, and the binder is respectively formed such as to increase in order of the microcapsule, the binder and the substrate.