Abstract: A write laser power setting device for setting a write laser power for writing data on a recording medium, includes first and second oscillators and for producing carrier signals having high frequencies f1 and f2. The carrier signals are added with each other to produce a sum signal which is applied to a laser driver for producing a laser drive signal. The power of the laser drive signal is changed to various levels. Using the laser drive signal, the write/read head writes test signals at preselected areas on the recording medium such that different writing power levels are applied to different preselected areas, respectively. After writing the test signals, the write/read head reads the recorded test signals. From the read signal, an unwanted signal having a frequency f1-f2 is filtered, and the level of the unwanted signal is detected and stored. A minimum level of the stored levels is selected, and a preselected area at which the minimum level reading is obtained is detected.

Abstract: An ion confinement, i.e., trap, apparatus comprises electrically conductive members, including concentric, coplanar rings or parallel sheets separated by dielectric spacers disposed on the outer edges of the sheets, each of the sheets having a circular hole, the circular holes being symmetrically aligned substantially along a common axis. The trap apparatus further has means for applying an RF potential to the conductive members, such that the resulting electric field being generated in the space defined by the conductive members has a characteristic of a substantially quadrupole field. A charged particle, being injected into the space, is confined in the field, maintaining a dynamic equilibrium condition.

Abstract: A light detection apparatus includes at least one re-imaging lens that re-images a light beam reflected from an optical storage medium, to form an image of a light spot formed by the light beam on the storage medium. At least one detector detects a selected portion of the image The selected portion of the image contains only such information as is encoded on a region of the optical data storage medium that is illuminated by a corresponding portion of the light spot.

Abstract: An optical or magneto-optical disk storage which automatically adjusts a recording/reproducing level of a number of kinds of optical or magneto-optical disks having different recording/reproducing levels to an optimum recording/reproducing level. The optical or magneto-optical disk storage has an attenuator which applies a predetermined attenuation amount to a reproduced signal reproduced from an optical or magneto-optical disk so as to attenuate the reproduced signal, or intensity adjusting means for adjusting the intensity of a laser beam used for recording and/or reproducing. The optical or magneto-optical disk storage detects an amplitude of the reproduced signal and feed-back-controls the attenuation amount or intensity of the laser beam in accordance with the detected amplitude.

Abstract: An article for protection of gonadal areas, of a human body, against radiation, is disclosed. The article comprises (a) an elongated sheet of fabric material with a first end and a second end and having a width of 10-30 cm; (b) at least two complementary fastener means; and (c) a layer of flexible radiation protection material with a width of 10-30 cm and extending longitudinally from the second end towards the first end. One of the fastener means is located juxtaposed to the first end and the other is spaced apart from the first end, and the sheet of fabric is adapted to fold back on itself and be held in the folded position by the fastener means, thereby forming means to secure the article around the waist of a human body. The layer of radiation protective material has energy attenuation properties at least equivalent to 0.1 mm of lead at 100 keV, and is of a length such that when the fold is located at waist level on a human body the layer extends from above to below the gonadal area.

Abstract: An electron beam device having a single pole electromagnetic objective lens whose pole top face is positioned in front of a sample as viewed from the side of an electron beam source. A secondary electron detector is provided in the vicinity of the pole top face of an inner cylinder of the objective lens. The objective lens has a circular cylindrical or conical shape at the top of the objective lens and the vertical angle of the circular cylindrical or conical shape is 45.degree.-90.degree.. The working distance between the top of the objective lens and sample is less than 6 mm. It is possible to survey the sample with a resolving power corresponding to a dimension about one-half that of the prior art under low accelerating voltage conditions.

Abstract: Apparatus for quantitative analysis of a material sample, such as whole grain, as a function of optical characteristics thereof includes a light source and a solid state detector of silicon or other suitable construction. A material sample is positioned between the light source and the detector, and light energy is focused through the sample onto the detector at a plurality of preselected wavelengths in the near-infrared range of 800-1100 nm. Illumination wavelength is selectively controlled by an opaque disc having a central axis and a plurality of apertures around the periphery at uniform radius from the disc axis. A plurality of filter elements are carried by the disc over respective ones of the peripheral apertures and have transmission characteristics corresponding to the plurality of preselected wavelengths.

Abstract: Audio information is recovered from a variable-area optical record, particularly motion picture film variable-area optical soundtracks. A scan signal is obtained by repetitively scanning the optical record substantially transverse to the bias line. The noise reduction effect is enhanced by a threshold detector which is provided with a transversely varying threshold level that varies according to the position of the scan across the width of the soundtrack. A threshold is provided for a bilateral soundtrack, the threshold having a minimum level at the bias line of the soundtrack and increasing progressively with distance from the bias line. Thus, one each scan, the threshold level is high when the scan is at the edge of each soundtrack, falls progressively to a minimum when the scan reaches the bias line, and then increases progressively back to its original high level when the scan is at the other edge of the soundtrack.

Abstract: Method and apparatus of detecting, analyzing and evaluating the content of foreign matters such as dusts and impurities contained in various materials, units, processes and environment standing for constituting components of a mass production line during mass production start-up and during mass production, in order to manage a semiconductor production process. A mass production off-line system including an apparatus for detecting, analyzing and evaluating the content of foreign matters during the mass production start-up is separated from the production line and installed independently thereof. Monitors for detection of foreign matters are provided at necessary locations in the production line and monitor data is evaluated through various units to manage the content of foreign matters in the production line, permitting efficient and economical mass production start-up and mass production.

Abstract: An optical pickup comprises a substrate, an optical waveguide formed on the substrate, a semiconductor laser attached to the optical waveguide, and a grating formed on the optical waveguide and converging a waveguide light in the optical waveguide to an optical recording medium. On the substrate, there are provided a first light detector for detecting the waveguide light reflected from the optical recording medium, and a second optical detector for detecting the intensity of the waveguide light being guided in the optical waveguide. The quantity of laser beam light emitted from the semiconductor laser is controlled to be constant based on an intensity signal detected by the second light detector.

Abstract: An image intensifier device for producing a color output image includes in a proximity focused intensifier tube, an RGB color filter matrix screen printed upon a glass wafer which is laminated to the input faceplate of the tube and sandwiched between the faceplate and the photocathode. The RGB matrix filters incident light into RGB components which are amplified by the tube. The output image is colorized in a first embodiment by passing white light fluorescing from a phosphor layer through an RGB output filter matrix which is functionally aligned in an operating tube with the input matrix. In a second embodiment, a UV emanating phosphor layer excites an RGB matrix of secondary phosphors. In a third embodiment, IR filters are included in the RGB input matrix and a narrow band output filter is assigned to represent IR information in the RGB output matrix. In a fourth embodiment a plurality of RGB phosphors replace the phosphor layer of the previous embodiments and directly fluoresce color information.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a radiation detector providing for the in situ automatic sampling of fluids containing substances emitting radiation, especially Cerenkov radiation. The detector permits sampling within well casings and is self-purging such that no additional provisions must be established for the storage and disposal of contaminated fluids.

Abstract: A charged particle beam exposure system emits and deflects an electron beam (11a) toward a continuously moving exposure object (18) and draws semiconductor integrated circuit patterns on the object. The system comprises a charged particle beam generating unit (11), first and second deflectors (12 and 13) for deflecting the electron beam (11a), first and second deflector drivers (14 and 15) for controlling outputs of the first and second deflectors (12 and 13), a stage driving and controlling unit (16) for controlling the movement of the object (18), and a controller (17) for controlling the inputs and outputs of the respective components.

Abstract: A charged particle beam mask and apparatus and method of using the same employing a mask that includes a substrate and a plurality of substantially rectangular beam passing sections arranged in parallel and to have a trapezoidal shape. In addition, the masks having a matrix of irradiation areas formed thereon where each irradiation area has a matrix of block patterns, are aligned and selectively irradiated to form a desired pattern on an object.

Abstract: At magneto-optical recording- and reproducing equipment is provided an electromagnet, in order to be able to remagnetize the magneto-optical layer of a magneto-optical record in dependence of Bits to be stored.In order to achieve a fast and safe reversal of the magnetic field, two series circuits consisting of a first and a second diode (D1, D2), a series circuit consisting of a third and a fourth diode (D3, D4) and a DC-voltage source (U) are connected in parallel to each other. The common terminal (A) of the first and second diode (D1, D2) are connected via a coil (L) with the common terminal (B) of the third and fourth diode (D3, D4). The second diode (D2) is bypassed by a first variable switch (S1) and the fourth diode (D4) is bypassed by a second variable switch (S2).

Abstract: An optical disc apparatus having a semiconductor laser (7), and a beam splitter (11) which guides a laser light emitted from the semiconductor laser to an optical disc (2) and also guides a laser light reflected from the optical disc (2) to a detection system for detecting information carried by the reflected light. The optical disc apparatus comprises an optical axis direction change device (10) provided between the semiconductor laser (7) and the beam splitter (11) for changing the direction of the laser light emitted from the semiconductor laser, wherein, the angle (.theta.) between the optical axis of the laser light emitted from the semiconductor laser and the laser light reflected from the optical disc is less than 90.degree..

Abstract: A high pressure interface device for introducing sample ions to a drift tube, an ion detection means or a mass mobility measurement means, having an ion source ionization region containing an isolated ionization source, a sample introduction port, and a reaction region in which specific sample ion species are formed by reaction of sample molecules with selected ion source ions formed by radioactive bombardment of a sample gas by the ion source ions results in an ionized gaseous sample. When coupled to a ion or mass detection or measurement means, this invention makes possible detection sensitivities of trace sample species in the subparts-per-trillion range, and under proper condition does not need calibration.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for calibrating the drive current circuit of a semiconductor laser diode subject to reflected optical feedback from a target surface such an an optical recording disk. The method makes use of two power output vs. drive current characteristic curves for the laser, one curve for in focus condition and one for out of focus condition, wherein the curves exhibit an asymptotic region at high power levels (P.sub.2). Measurement of drive current (I.sub.2) power level P.sub.2 is taken under an out of focus condition. Measurements of drive current at a predetermined low power level P.sub.1 are taken for both (I.sub.1) and in focus condition (I.sub.3). The linear slope of the in focus curve can thus be calculated to set desired power levels.

Abstract: In an ion implantation apparatus, a first slit for limiting an ion beam width is provided between an ion source and a mass separation electromagnet. An accelerator is provided behind the mass separation electromagnet. A second slit for separating the ion beam is provided between a deflector provided behind the accelerator and a wafer. The slit widths of the first and second slits are controlled by a controller which monitors an ion source acceleration voltage, a magnetic field intensity of the mass separation electromagnet, an accelerator voltage, and a magnetic field intensity of the deflector, and control the slit widths of the first and second slits based on the monitored information.

Abstract: A bio-conditioning germicidal dryer for the hands and lower arms has two portals which allows the hands and forearms to be comfortably extended laterally into the chamber. The working chamber has a source of ultraviolet light with a spectral output weighted at a 253.7 nm. Air is introduced through one or more vents in a second heated chamber connected to said working chamber. Preheated air is then drawn past the ultraviolet light source, where it is germicidally cleansed, into the working chamber, and leaves the working chamber through the portals. Because of the combination of (a) ultraviolet light, (b) closed chamber environment, (c) warm air and (d) chamber geometry induced turbulent air flow patterns, the hands and arms are germicidally cleansed and gently dried without dehydration of the skin normally found in germicidal washing.