Abstract: By altering a developing bias, a plurality of patch images are formed on a photoconductor, and a density of each patch image is measured, thereby judging whether or not a target density value is within a range of the plurality of measured density values. If the target density value is outside the range, a developing bias which realizes the target density is obtained by an interpolation, in accordance with two measured density values that are closest to the target density value among a plurality of measured densities, and with a developing bias of two patch images that are related to these two measured density values.

Abstract: A multi-color imaging apparatus utilizing recharging between two image creation steps for recharging a charge retentive surface to a predetermined potential prior to forming a second of the two images. The two images are formed using toner particles which are subject to under color splatter (UCS). The UCS phenomena occurs when a developed image passes through a toner cloud created by a certain type of scavengeless development system. The forgoing problem is obviated by applying pressure to toner images in combination with recharging thereof prior to their passage through a developer housing.

Abstract: In a printer operable in a duplex print mode, a paper is once shifted sideways away from a main path, turned upside down in the widthwise direction thereof, and then returned to the main path. Hence, images printed on both sides of the paper are matched to each other in the up-and-down direction.

Abstract: In an image forming apparatus, a developing device has a first developer carrier for depositing a developer thereon, a regulating member for regulating the amount of the developer deposited on the first developer carrier, and a second developer carrier having an elastic surface, and contacting the first developer carrier while biting into it by a predetermined amount. The developer is provided with a preselected degree of fluidity. Hence, even when the same portion of the surface of the second developer carrier runs a plurality of times past a position where the two developer carriers contact each other without any developer being fed from the second developer carrier to an image carrier, the first developer carrier can surely strip the developer from the second developer carrier. As a result, a developer on which a predetermined amount of charge is deposited is transferred from the first developer carrier to the second developer carrier. This successfully protects images from defects.

Abstract: A color image forming apparatus wherein an image forming body has a inner surface and a outer surface, a charging device electrically charges the outer surface, and an exposure device imagewise exposes the inner surface. A developing device is used to form a first toner image on the outer surface. A unit is detachablly mounted in a housing of the apparatus, wherein the image forming body and a plurality of the exposure devices are provided in the unit.

Abstract: A photographic printer has an exposure station, in which a frame of a photographic film and color photographic paper are set. A light source is disposed in opposition to the color paper with reference to the photographic film set in the exposure station, and constituted by LED elements. The LED elements are disposed in a matrix for emitting light of red, green and blue colors. The light source illuminates the frame from behind. The color paper is exposed by the light transmitted through the frame, to print the frame recorded on the photographic film to the color paper. In a preferred embodiment, a drive signal is determined individually for driving respective the LED elements. The drive signal is applied to the respective LED elements.

Abstract: While a mask is illuminated under a predetermined illumination condition to transfer the image of the pattern of the mask to a substrate, the amount of imaging characteristic change of a projection optical system is calculated by the use of calculation parameters corresponding to the illumination condition, and the imaging characteristics are adjusted based on the calculated amount. Further, when the pattern on the mask or the illumination condition is changed, the amount of imaging characteristic change is calculated based on an amount of energy stored in the projection optical system prior to the changing of the condition, pattern exposure is started immediately after the changing of the condition, and the imaging characteristics are adjusted based on the calculated amount.

Abstract: A device is provided for mounting and/or cropping photographs and negatives thereof to variable dimensions. The device is comprised of a sheath with a rectangular opening therein which defines the maximum size of a cropping window. A pair of panels, each having an aperture therein are slideably disposed in the sleeve. As the panels are moved between open and closed positions, the apertures cooperate with the rectangular opening to define variable sizes of the cropping window.

Abstract: The image forming apparatus of the present invention performs image forming operations for each predetermined number of sheets, giving an operator required directives of replacing document originals at required timing when, in a two-side image forming mode, a set number of copy sheets is judged to be over the storing capacity of an intermediate tray. Given such proper directives, the operator can conduct the image forming operation on a large volume of copy sheets without making mistakes in a complicated procedure of setting document originals.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for eliminating the accumulation of triboelectric negative toner that occurs between the cleaning edge of the cleaning blade and the photoreceptor surface. After image transfer, the residual toner particles on the photoreceptor surface are then charged to a uniform polarity using either a preclean corotron or a biased conductive blade. A UCA is used to dislodge the residual toner particles away from the photoreceptor surface. The polarity of the particles is opposite to that of the collection roll positioned to attract the toner particles levitated by the UCA onto the collection roll.

Abstract: A copying machine comprises a cleaning device for cleaning toner remaining on the surface of a photoconductive drum, and a sensor for detecting image density of an image to be formed on the drum. The cleaning device includes a cleaning blade arranged to contact with drum, and an auxiliary cleaning mechanism arranged upstream the cleaning blade with respect to the rotating direction of the drum. The auxiliary cleaning mechanism has variable cleaning capacity. The cleaning capacity of the auxiliary cleaning mechanism is varied by a control unit in accordance with the image density detected by the sensor.

Abstract: A developer roll for use in an electrophotographic printing machine of the type having an electrostatic latent image recorded on a photoconductive member in which a voltage differential is applied between the roll and a region adjacent the roll is provided. The developer roll includes a wound roll of media and a layer of resin. The wound roll is formed from a sheet of the media. The layer of resin is applied to the periphery of the wound roll. The layer of resin and the roll of media are selected of materials to obtain a decay rate relating to the electrical response of the layer of resin to the applied voltage differential.

Abstract: In a color image forming apparatus, as the second and subsequent development processes of the simultaneously transfer type, a non-contact type AC field double-element development is employed, and an absolute value of the difference between the maximum bias which provides the maximum toner developing electric field in the direction to the side of the latent image carrier and the average value of the developing bias is set larger than an absolute value of the difference between the minimum bias voltage which provides the minimum toner developing electric field in the direction to the side of the latent image carrier and the average value of the developing bias, while the bias voltage region located between the maximum bias voltage and the average bias voltage is set to a ratio of from 0.25 to 0.45 for one period of the AC voltage, and the frequency of the bias voltage is set from 4 kHz to 10 kHz.

Abstract: A toner accommodation container for containing toner to be used for developing a latent image formed on a electrophotographic photosensitive member, wherein the toner accommodation container is supplied with toner from a toner supply container includes a toner accommodating portion for accommodating the toner; a toner supply opening for supplying toner; a cover member for covering the toner supply opening, wherein the cover member is movable between a closing portion for covering the toner supply opening and an open position for permitting supply of the toner therethrough; a blocking member, provided inside the covering member, for preventing the toner from scattering from the toner accommodating portion to outside, the blocking member is locked by a first locking member and a second locking member; wherein the blocking member is movable to the open position by the first locking member being released by the toner supply container and the second locking member being released by the cover member.

Abstract: A developing-equipment switching apparatus is provided with a rotary retainer 23 for holding a plurality of developing implements 23, a driving motor 24, control means 28 for controlling the rotation of the driving motor 24, a primary drive transmission member 25 which is anchored to the rotary shaft 24a of the driving motor, and a secondary drive transmission member 23b which is anchored to the rotary retainer 23, so that the developing implements 21 are switched from one to another by transmitting the torque of the driving motor 24 to the rotary retainer 23 via the primary drive transmission member 25 and the secondary drive transmission member 23b to rotate the rotary retainer, wherein the control means 28 causes the driving motor 24 to rotate every integral number of times and sets the rotational ratio between the primary drive transmission member 25 and the secondary drive transmission member 23b in such a way that the rotary retainer 23 rotates by a set angle between the adjoining developing implements

Abstract: An image transfer device and method for providing an image transfer device are provided in which a transfer belt is utilized for transferring an image from an image carrier to a transfer sheet, with a bias member supplying a bias voltage to the transfer belt. The bias member has a first layer and a second layer, with the first layer contacting an inner surface of the transfer belt, and with the second layer disposed below the first layer. The volume resistivity of the first layer is larger than that of the second layer. A relationship is also provided of an acceptable range of belt and roller resistivities, such that maintaining each of the belts and rollers (bias members) of a production lot within the range limits will ensure acceptable results despite variations of belt and roller resistivities within the production lot.

Abstract: A developing apparatus includes a developer container for containing a developer; a light transmitting portion, in the developer container, for optically detecting the developer; a rotatable wiping sheet for wiping the light transmitting portion; wherein the wiping sheet has a low rigidity portion at a rotational axis side beyond an end of the wiping sheet.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is disclosed for increasing brush life and reducing emissions by removing accumulated toner using detoning cycles. A further embodiment of the disclosure is a method for periodic brush-reversing detoning cycle occurring during a standby condition.

Abstract: A developer container includes a container portion having an opening through which developer is supplied in or out; a shutter member for opening and closing the opening; a slide-guide for guiding the shutter member; a recess on a surface of the slide guide on which the shutter member slides.

Abstract: An electronic image processing apparatus includes a controller and a plurality of resources in an arbitrary configuration. Each of the resources provides an associated processor storing data related to operational capabilities of the associated resource. The controller is adapted to dynamically configure the image processing apparatus to operate in accordance with the operational capabilities of each of the processors by defining job requirements as a combination of images defining a set of sheets and specifying compilations of sheets. The job requirement is converted into an assembly tree relationship for merging into additional assembly trees for formulating the job requirement.