Abstract: A signal processing apparatus includes a scaling device for increasing the magnitude of a signal from a source to better use the dynamic range of processing apparatus, and to reduce the effects of noise and error sources. This is particularly useful in a television receiver where the maximum magnitude of the (B-Y) chrominance signal component of a composite video signal is smaller than that of the (R-Y) chrominance signal component. To provide improved resolution of the (B-Y) signal components, a gain scaling arrangement increases the magnitude of the (B-Y) signal component to more closely approximate that of the (R-Y) signal component. In a TV receiver having digital signal processing apparatus, a digital multiplier scales the digitized (B-Y) signal component thereby to reduce the errors inherent in processing digital data having a limited number of bits, especially where such processing includes rounding or truncating operations which can introduce additional errors or decrease resolution.

Abstract: A rear projection television receiver has an image source, first and second mirrors, and a screen. Light travels from the image source to the screen along a first light path via the first and second mirrors and along a second path that bypasses the mirrors. A light baffle assembly comprising a plurality of elongated baffle elements is located in both the first and second light paths. The angle of the individual baffle elements is adjusted so that light rays are unaffected along the first light path and substantially completely blocked along the second light path.

Abstract: After an external vertical sync signal is inputted, a divider circuit counts a predetermined number of clock pulses and delivers a vertical sync signal and a control signal allowing the external signal to pass through a gate circuit. The external vertical sync signal passing through the gate circuit resets the counter and a control signal from a detector circuit blocks the gate circuit until the counter delivers the next control signal. The divider circuit delivers a vertical sync pulse with proper timing and resets itself if the external signal is weak or absent.

Abstract: Frame comb filters effectively separate the chrominance and luminance components of composite video signal but produce undesirable image distortion when interframe motion occurs. Luminance cross components introduced into the comb filtered chrominance signal component during interframe motion intervals contribute to the image distortion. The luminance cross components are eliminated from the comb filtered chrominance signal by successively filtering the chrominance signal with a chrominance bandpass filter and an interline chrominance comb filter.

Abstract: In a compact electromagnetic miniature relay comprising a contact spring (12) which is firmly clamped at one end, and which bears double contacts (9, 10) arranged on each side, and with the connecting line thereof extending vertically in relation to the longitudinal axis of the contact spring, and which are capable of being moved by an actuator (6) arranged on the armature (5), from stationary break contacts (7) to stationary make contacts (8), with said contact spring (12) being divided by a longitudinal slot (16) partly into two parallel spring legs (19, 20) pretensioned against the break contacts (7), and in which the actuator (6) engages between the clamping point (13) and the free end (11) of the contact spring, the actuator (6), according to the invention, is designed to have at least the same width as the contact spring (12) at the actuating point (17), with the longitudinal slot (16) beginning at a small spacing from the actuating point (17) and extending up to the end (11) of the contact spring (12),

Abstract: In a relay according to this invention the terminal elements (17) are injection-molded into wall members (2,3) which are so designed that they during assembly, and if so required, together with parts of the flange (35) of the coil (16) of the electromagnetic driving system, form a cup-shaped member having a bottom part (4). The rim portion (9) of the cover member (1) which is capable of being placed thereon, projects over the bottom part (4). The thus resulting space may be filled with a sealing compound (casting resin) (13). From this there results a tight relay consisting of a few individual parts only, which is easy to manufacture and which, moreover, is solder- and wash-tight.

Abstract: Synchronization of a source of computer controlled video to a video disc player for interactive application is obtained by sensing when the computer vertical sync leads that of the player and gating out a number of computer clock pulses equaling one video line during a period of one or more video lines. Horizontal synchronization is disabled during the vertical acquisition mode and then is established by modulating the computer clock frequency with a line rate phase error signal obtained from both video sources thereby providing rapid synchronization within approximately two seconds under worst case conditions.

Abstract: A reproducible image and information bearing medium, termed herein as a photorecord, includes a visible image bearing media, such as a photographic print, negative, transparency or the like, and an attached information storage medium. The information storage medium such as a magnetic or optical stripe, is encoded with machine readable information that corresponds to the associated visual image. An original photorecord is manufactured by affixing a blank magnetic stripe to the visual image bearing medium optically reading the visual image, converting the so read optical information to an electrical signal, and recording this signal as machine readable information on the magnetic stripe.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process and a device ensuring the fixation on the neck of a cathode tube of the deflection yoke of the tube. According to the invention, the deflection yoke 3 is fixed after its positioning has been determined between a fixed abutment 9 which may be adjustable in position and an elastic abutment 6 which presses the yoke 3 against the abutment 9. The invention applies especially to tubes adapted to be fitted to color television receiver appliances.

Abstract: A high brightness mobile video system includes a standby circuit for maintaining a low CRT filament heater circuit current from a battery supply. The standby circuit monitors an input circuit for video signals. On receipt of a video signal, the standby circuit operates a relay to energize a switch mode power supply which further energizes the deflection circuit for the CRT, couples full operating current therefrom to the filament heater circuit, and enables the CRT video drive circuits.

Abstract: A molded case circuit breaker includes a single coil solenoid operator for placing the handle of the circuit breaker in its ON position or in its OFF position. The solenoid operator includes a single coil solenoid formed by an electromagnet secured to a movable electromagnet drive plate and by an armature secured to a movable armature drive plate. The drive plates are disposed for rectilinear movement and are configured alternately to engage a formed trigger plate secured to the handle to move the trigger plate and the handle between the ON position and the OFF position of the handle. A pair of pivotable, bistable mechanical latches are configured to engage and stop further movement of alternate drive plates depending upon the state of the latches. Successive actuations of the single coil solenoid operator cause the handle to be placed alternately in its ON position or in its OFF position.

Abstract: A molded case circuit breaker includes a manually resettable undervoltage trip mechanism for initiating a trip operation of the circuit breaker upon an undervoltage condition. The undervoltage trip mechanism includes a solenoid having a fixed electrical coil surrounding a pair of separable movable ferromagnetic plungers. Disposed between and captured by the two plungers is a compression spring for physically separating the two plungers upon the occurrence of an undervoltage condition. Upon such an undervoltage condition, one of the plungers is positioned to engage and rotate a trip lever for initiating a trip operation of the circuit breaker. The other plunger is secured to an elongated manually depressible reset button that extends through the molded case of the circuit breaker. After a trip operation, the reset button can be depressed to reestablish physical engagement between the first and second plungers, enabling the circuit breaker to be reset.

Abstract: The present invention provides a matching circuit for connecting a chrominance decoding integrated circuit normally connected by terminals to a conventional analog delay line so as to make it compatible with a digital delay line. This matching circuit comprises a switch connecting alternately each of the outputs of the integrated circuit to an analog-digital convertor connected to a digital delay line, to a digital-analog convertor, then to a switch routing the signal alternately to each of the two summators whose other inputs receive directly the output of the integrated circuit. The summators supply then respectively the chrominance signals R-Y and B-Y.

Abstract: A frame-to-frame comb filter system which reduces motion induced artifacts in the comb filtered luminance signal includes line comb filter circuitry for extracting luminance cross components from the comb filtered chrominance signal and reinserting them into the comb filtered luminance signal and a line comb filter in the luminance path following reinsertion of the luminance cross components to reject motion induced chrominance cross components occurring in the comb filtered luminance signal. The latter line comb filter is switched into the system during periods of interframe image motion.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus such as a laser beam printer or an ink jet printer can reproduce halftone images with a high resolution and a high gradation. Four subelements of an 8.times.8 matrix picture element which correspond to low gray levels are further divided into small regions. Threshold levels 1 to 4 are set in these regions of each of the divided subelements, respectively. The density of a black dot corresponding to the subelement is changed by pulse width modulation or the like. The reproduced dot pattern has a substantially constant dot pitch.

Abstract: A television transmitter for transmitting signals including two sound channels either for dual language or stereophonic sound transmission includes a combining filter 4 having a narrow sound passband. In order to reduce the amplitude modulation of the sound signals caused by the filter characteristic on the frequency modulated sound carriers, the sound carrier signals are amplitude modulated in the opposite sense to that produced by the filter characteristics. This is achieved by passing the modulated sound carrier signals through tuned circuits (L1, C1 and L2, C2) which have their resonant frequencies and Q's appropriately chosen.

Abstract: An improved image processing method reduces noise in a sampled image while minimizing unintended distortion of image features. Image signals are generated representative of the light value of elements of the image. These signals are formed into signal arrays aligned to blocks of image elements. The signal arrays are transformed by a set of 4 by 4 Walsh-Hadamard functions into a corresponding set of coefficient signals. Certain of these coefficient signals represent the difference between the light value of each image element and an average light value over an image region smaller than the block being transformed. By modifying--i.e., coring or clipping--and inverting only these selected coefficient signals, artifacts related to the introduction of "false" edge-like structure are reduced in the reconstructed image. In addition, in a multi-stage processing method, the excluded coefficient signals may represent the input signals to the next stage.

Abstract: A polarized electromagnetic relay including a coil body positioned over a core, and having at least one winding thereon. A permanent magnet is positioned in close proximity to the coil body. An armature externally embraces the coil winding and with the permanent magnet forms two working air gaps. Contact elements are provided embedded in a pedestal, the contact elements being disposed below the coil body. A monostable or a bistable switching behavior of the relay can be achieved by varying the design and disposition of the coil body, the windings, and one or more permanent magnets.

Abstract: A television bandwidth correcting system for use with a television receiver or television tuner in which the quality of the displayed picture, defined by the bandwidth of the video signal, is accurately maintained for all input signal levels. Video and audio components are extracted from the intermediate frequency signal produced at the output of a bandwidth adjusting circuit. The levels of the extracted video and audio components are compared, and the result fed back to a bandwidth controlling input of the bandwidth adjusting circuit.

Abstract: A television signal transmission system with stationary-picture transmission capabilities including the ability to stop picture transmission at any point within a picture frame. The picture stop feature is realized by inserting a control code within each horizontal scanning interval. The control code signals any of several instructions, including start, stop, scan and line control header instructions. The stop control code is generated in the horizontal scanning interval corresponding to the stop point in the frame transmission to thereby inhibit further picture transmission. Picture transmission is restarted by the generation of a scan control code.