Abstract: A process where the need to circulate hydrogen through the catalyst is eliminated is provided. This is accomplished by mixing and/or flashing the hydrogen and the oil to be treated in the presence of a solvent or diluent in which the hydrogen solubility is “high” relative to the feed. The type and amount of diluent added, as well as the reactor conditions, can be set so that all of the hydrogen required in the hydroprocessing reactions may be available in solution. The oil/diluent/hydrogen solution can then be fed to a plug flow reactor packed with catalyst where the oil and hydrogen react. No additional hydrogen is required, therefore, hydrogen recirculation is avoided and trickle bed operation of the reactors is avoided. Therefore, the large trickle bed reactors can be replaced by much smaller tubular reactor.

Abstract: In a regenerative reforming facility using a series of moving beds, a direct supply of regenerated catalyst, optionally reduced is passed into at least two of the reactors of the series. Spent catalysts from different reactors are passed into a common mixing apparatus so as to provide a homogeneous degree of coke on the spent catalysts which are thereafter passed to a regenerator. The feedstock and the intermediate effluents continue to circulate in succession relative to the reactors. The invention makes it possible in particular to reduce the operating pressure of the units to less than 0.2 MPa.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a method for manufacturing alkylate oil using a composite ionic liquid as catalyst. A mixture of isobutane and C4 olefins is used as the raw material, and a composite ionic liquid is used as catalyst to carry out an alkylation reaction. The alkane/olefin ratio in the raw material is higher than 1:1. In the composition of the aforementioned composite ionic liquid catalyst, the cations come from a hydrohalide of an alkyl-containing amine or pyridine, while the anions are composite coordinate anions coming from two or more metal compounds. One of the metal compounds is an aluminum compound, while other metal compounds are compounds of Group IB and Group IIB elements of the Periodic Table and the transition metals. The present invention also provides a design of static mixer reaction apparatus that can realize the aforementioned manufacturing method.

Abstract: Method for preventing fouling and corrosion caused by ammonium chloride and ammonium sulphates, characterised in that it comprises injecting as an additive a choline or a derivative thereof.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for catalytic cracking a hydrocarbon feed to lighter hydrocarbon employing a catalyst cooler in flow communication with a catalyst stripper is disclosed.

Abstract: A process for converting oil shale into petroleum is disclosed. The process includes the steps of pulverizing oil shale to produce pulverized oil shale and then preparing a mixture of pulverized oil shale, water and ethyl alcohol in a sealed vessel. The mixture in the sealed vessel is then heated to a temperature of at least about 465° F. for a period of time which is sufficient to cause the oil shale and ethyl alcohol to combine to produce a second mixture of petroleum and water. The water is then separated from the petroleum.

Abstract: A process to prepare a base oil starting from a slack wax containing feedstock by (a) contacting the feedstock in the presence of hydrogen with a sulphided hydrodesulphurisation catalyst having nickel and tungsten on an acid amorphous silica-alumina carrier and (b) performing a pour point reducing step on the effluent of step (a) to obtain the base oil.

Abstract: An apparatus and a process for reclaiming fuel oils from waste oils. The apparatus and process is characterized in that waste oils are thermally cracked by combination of high pressure and vacuum in a sequence at high temperature. However, rapid thermal cracking is performed at even lower temperature of 300˜350° C. than at 400˜450° C. of conventional batch method. The semi-continuous method with bleeding process is employed and accordingly no pause stage becomes necessary to physically collect ash cake from the thermal cracking vessel as experienced from the conventional batch process. The ash cake contents drops from 5% of conventional method to 1.4% since slow reaction is a cause for oxidation problem which is related with formation of tar compounds and production rate of #2 diesel fuel oil increases 3 times more than batch process.

Abstract: A process for removing sulfur from hydrocarbon feeds, including the steps of providing a hydrocarbon feed containing sulfur; providing a cell having two compartments and a membrane separating the compartments; flowing a hydrogen source through one compartment; flowing the hydrocarbon feed through the other compartment; applying a current across the hydrogen source compartment whereby hydrogen diffuses through the membrane from the hydrogen source to the hydrocarbon feed, whereby the hydrogen reacts with sulfur to form H2S and produce a treated hydrocarbon.

Abstract: A process for producing a naphtha having a decreased amount of sulfur by selective hydroprocessing a petroleum feedstream comprising cracked naphtha to reduce its sulfur content with minimum loss of octane. The reduced sulfur naphtha stream contains mercaptan sulfur reversion products that are removed preferably by use of an aqueous base solution containing a catalytically effective amount of a phase transfer catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a method for separating hydrocarbons from catalyst fines in a slurry oil/catalyst fines/diluent mixture (SCDM) comprising the steps of removing SCDM from a slurry oil storage tank and combining the SCDM with crude oil entering a desalter in order to separate the slurry oil from the catalyst fines, whereby the desalter causes the hydrocarbon content of the SCDM to exit the desalter with dehydrated hydrocarbon from the crude oil while catalyst fines exit the desalter with basic sediment and water removed from the crude oil.

Abstract: A process for heating thermally unstable or difficult to heat liquid feeds, e.g., used lubricating oil (ULO) to dehydrate and/or recover distillable components therefrom, is disclosed. The liquid feed is heated by direct contact heat exchange with molten salt, preferably maintained as a bath, operating at a temperature above the boiling point of water and below 600 C. The liquid feed is heated and typically at least partially vaporized in, or above, or by contact with the molten salt to produce a heated liquid. When ULO contaminated with water is the feed, the vapor product of the process will comprise water vapor and/or distillable hydrocarbons. ULO additive decomposition products, such as carbon, may be removed as a solid, semi-solid or liquid residual phase from contact with the molten salt.

Abstract: A sized demonstration kit distributable or mailable to customers for marketing purposes is illustrated with reference to a moisture control material and system for wicking away and dissipating body moisture. The kit has a relatively small holder in the shape of a container or foldable device having, an exterior surface for at least a printed address and postage, an interior surface defining a storage space, with access to the storage space. Optionally the holder is transparent or with a viewing window. Samples of the moisture control material and associated items for testing purposes are removably offered to the interior surface of, a first space for printed information on the nature and operation of the moisture control material and system, and a second space for printed instructions on how to test at least one of the samples of the moisture control material are disposed in the holder.

Abstract: The present invention is an apparatus and process for oxidizing mercaptans in a preferably kerosene stream. By using a catalyst promoter, sufficient separation of hydrocarbon and aqueous alkali occurs in the reactor vessel to obviate the need for a settling tank. Hence, the sweetened kerosene can be withdrawn from the reactor vessel and sent directly to a residual alkali removal unit such as a sand filter vessel or to a water wash vessel if jet grade fuel is desired. In an embodiment, the reactor vessel used for this purpose includes a reaction section and a separation section in the same reactor vessel and an aqueous alkali outlet and a sweetened hydrocarbon outlet in the separation section.

Abstract: A process for the selective hydrodesulfurization of naphtha streams containing sulfur and olefins. A substantially olefins-free naphtha stream is blended with an olefins/sulfur-containing naphtha stream and hydrodesulfurized resulting in the substantial removal of sulfur without excessive olefin saturation.

Abstract: An apparatus and a process for catalytic cracking of a hydrocarbon feed is described, carried out in at least two reaction zones, one (30) operating in catalyst riser mode, wherein the feed and catalyst from regeneration zone (3) are circulated from bottom to top, the first gases produced are separated from the coked catalyst in a first separation zone (38), the catalyst is stripped (40), a first cracking and stripping effluent (42) is recovered and the coked catalyst is recycled (45) to the regeneration zone. Catalyst (12) from regeneration zone (3) and a hydrocarbon feed (19) are introduced into the upper portion of a dropper reaction zone (16), the catalyst and feed being circulated from top to bottom, the coked catalyst is separated from the second gases produced in a second separation zone (20), the second gases (24) produced are recovered and the coked catalyst is recycled (25) to the regeneration zone.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel method for economically processing vacuum residue from heavy crude oils by selectively processing the difficult and easy components in reactors whose design and operating conditions are optimized for the specific feed. The process utilizes an integrated solvent deasphalting (SDA)/ebullated-bed design wherein the heavy vacuum residue feedstock is initially sent to an SDA unit operated with C4/C5 solvent to achieve a high deasphalted oil (DAO) yield. The resulting SDA products, namely asphaltenes and DAO are separately treated in ebullated-bed reactor(s) systems whose design and operating conditions are optimized for a particular feedstock. The resulting net conversion, associated distillate yield and product qualities are greatly improved relative to treatment of the entire residue feedstock in a common ebullated-bed reactor system.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for selectively desulphurizing thiopene compounds contained in hydrocarbons derived from crude oil distillation, whether refined or not, which consists in oxidising the thiophene sulphur atoms into sulphone in the presence of an oxidising agent and in separating said sulphonated compounds from said hydrocarbons. The invention is characterised in that it consists in oxidising the thiophene compounds in a two-phase turbulent medium comprising a hydrocarbon phase and an aqueous phase, in the presence of at least an oxidising agent soluble in at least one of the two phases and of at least a metal catalyst in soluble or dispersed form in a liquid of in solid form, separation and oxidation occurring simultaneously.

Abstract: The instant invention is an improved process for producing naphthenic base oils from low quality feedstocks.

Abstract: A process for hydroprocessing a hydrocarbon feed. The hydrocarbon feed is first admixed with a hydrogen rich gas. The resultant process stream is then contacted with a hydrocracking catalyst. The resultant catalyst effluent process stream is separated into a gas phase stream and a liquid phase stream, and the gas phase stream is withdrawn. The liquid phase stream is admixed with a hydrogen rich gas, and the resultant process stream is contacted with a hydrocracking catalyst. The resultant catalyst effluent process stream is withdrawn and admixed with the previously obtained gas phase stream, and the resultant process stream is withdrawn.