Abstract: A method to remove stubborn stains that includes application of an ammonium salt in combination with a peroxide. In the preferred embodiment, the stain removing solution contains ammonium bicarbonate and peroxide. A major advantage of the method is that the solution is strong enough to remove coffee and tea stains yet sufficiently mild that it does not damage the carpet or pose a significant health hazard to the person treating the stain.

Abstract: An aqueous cleaning composition suitable for removing stains, soils, or combinations thereof from synthetic polymer fibers. The composition finds particular application in removing coffee stains from fibers contained in textile products such as carpets. The composition has a pH in the range of from about 7.0 to about 12 and comprises a peroxyhydrate, i.e., hydrogen peroxide, and a water soluble alcohol having up to 5 carbon atoms, i.e., isopropyl.

Abstract: Textile bleaching operations are enhanced by passing the cloth being treated alternately between an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution and an oxygen-containing head space.

Abstract: Polyphenylene sulfone fibers mainly consisting of a structural unit represented by a general formula ##STR1## (x is 0 or 1 or 2) wherein x, the average value of x, is 1.0 to 2.0, and a method for production thereof. These fibers are prepared by modifying polyphenylene sulfide fibers, whose specific surface area and degree of orientation are more than 0.4 m.sup.2 /g and more than 70%, respectively, to polyphenylene sulfone fibers represented by a main constituting unit with organic peroxides. These fibers have excellent heat and chemical resistance.

Abstract: Anionically dyeable smooth-dry crosslinked cellulose is produced by modifying cellulose-containing material with the combination of a hydroxyalkylamine or a hydroxyalkyl quaternary ammonium salt, a methylolamide crosslinking agent and one or more reactively inert glycol ether swelling agents. The reaction is typically catalyzed with salts such as zinc nitrate or magnesium chloride used either alone or in conjunction with citric acid. Types of usable anionic dyes include acid, direct, and reactive dyes. The cellulose-containing material may be in the form of fibers, threads, linters, roving, fabrics, yarns, slivers and paper.

Abstract: Denim articles of clothing such as blue jeans, are conventionally treated with a permanganate. The permanganate is thereafter neutralized with a liquid composition containing peroxide, a sulfate and deionized water. The composition neutralized the permanganate, prevents the yellowing of the article and reduces the biological oxygen demand in plant effluent.

Abstract: This invention is directed to conducting chemical reactions in reverse micelle or microemulsion systems comprising a substantially discontinuous phase including a polar fluid, typically an aqueous fluid, and a microemulsion promoter, typically a surfactant, for facilitating the formation of reverse micelles in the system. The system further includes a substantially continuous phase including a non-polar or low-polarity fluid material which is a gas under standard temperature and pressure and has a critical density, and which is generally a water-insoluble fluid in a near critical or supercritical state. Thus, the microemulsion system is maintained at a pressure and temperature such that the density of the non-polar or low-polarity fluid exceeds the critical density thereof. The method of carrying out chemical reactions generally comprises forming a first reverse micelle system including an aqueous fluid including reverse micelles in a water-insoluble fluid in the supercritical state.

Abstract: A very effective method is proposed for the shrink-proof treatment of a fabric material of keratinous fibers, e.g., wool, in which the fabric material is first soaked with an aqueous solution of a persulfate compound followed by drying to effect surface oxidation of the fibers and then finished with a curable organopolysiloxane composition. Preferably, the curable organopolysiloxane composition comprises, as a dispersion in an aqueous medium, (A) an organopolysiloxane having hydroxyl or alkoxyl groups, (B) silica or an organopolysilsesquioxane in a finely divided form, (C) an alkoxy silane having an amido group and a carboxyl group in a molecule, (D) an alkoxy silane having an amino group or an epoxy group in a molecule, and (E) a curing catalyst, each in a specified proportion.

Abstract: Peroxygen bleach compositions which can be used together with oxygen-sensitive wash aids are disclosed. Combination products comprising these bleach compositions together with the oxygen sensitive wash aids are disclosed as well as are methods of laundering employing them. The bleach compositions include a peroxygen source, a surface active or hydrotropic bleach activator or catalyst therefor and a quaternary ammonium salt. As compared to equivalent compositions not containing the quaternary ammonium salt, these bleach compositions are characterized by a delayed onset of active oxygen production when they are added to wash solutions. When these bleach compositions are used in combination with oxygen-sensitive wash aids, the sensitive wash aids have an initial period when they can act before the active oxygen level rises to a level that it interferes with their action.

Abstract: A novel cleaner is disclosed, which is added to a reaction thermostat with water as medium in a scientific apparatus, particularly a thermostatic water bath in an automatic analyzer, and has bacteria-proof, fungi-proof and algae-proof effects. The cleaner comprises a triazine derivative and a surface active agent. Furthermore, the cleaner preferably contains a compound represented by a formula [I]: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or a hydroxymethyl group, and n is an integer of 1 to 5.

Abstract: A composition useful in obtaining a blotchy bleach effect on garments or fabrics comprising a thickening medium comprising a cellulosic ether, a bleaching agent, and an organic acid.

Abstract: Catalysts for the rapid esterification and crosslinking of fibrous cellulose in textile form by polycarboxylic acids at elevated temperatures are disclosed. The catalysts are acidic or weakly basic salts selected from the alkali metal dihydrogen phosphates and alkali metal salts of phosphorous, hypophosphorous, and polyphosphoric acids. Suitable polycarboxylic acids include saturated, unsaturated and aromatic acids, as well as alpha-hydroxy acids. The textiles so treated exhibit high levels of wrinkle resistance and smooth drying properties durable to repeated laundering in alkaline detergents, and do not contain or release formaldehyde.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of implantable biological tissue, and in particular bioprosthetic heart valves, which are prone to calcification after implantation. The process includes the treatment of tissue with an effective amount of a surfactant to reduce calcification of the implanted tissue.

Abstract: According to the present invention, an animal hair fiber can significantly be modified by fixing the supercontraction of the fiber which is a disadvantage in itself. The process for modifying the animal hair fiber according to the present invention comprises pretreating the animal hair fiber with a cleaving reagent for crosslinkage of the fiber and then treating the pretreated fiber with an supercontracting reagent. Furthermore, the process for preparing a bulky wool yarn according to the present invention comprises treating an mixed yarn with the supercontracting reagent, said mixed yarn consisting of the pretreated animal hair fiber with the cleaving reagent for crosslinkage of the fiber and a non-pretreated animal hair fiber.

Abstract: Methods are provided for abrading dyed fabric to produce a stonewashed effect by tumbling the fabric with stones of a chemical composition that is soluble in wash or rinse liquid for the fabric, where the stones are of sufficient size and hardness to effect abrasion of the fabric without substantial mechanical disintegration of the stones and in a manner simulating the action of pumice stone. The chemical stonewashing composition may be a compacted powder, agglomerate, coagulate, or other integral mass or solid formed from an alkali or alkaline earth metal carbonate, bicarbonate, silicate, sulfate, borate, halide, hydroxide or hydrate or peroxyhydrate thereof, for example.

Abstract: Thermoplastic fabrics are flame retardant treated and optionally heatset and/or simultaneously dyed in a heated flame retardant liquid in which a disperse or acid dye may be dissolved. Flame-resistant fabrics result.

Abstract: Durable press finishes are applied to cellulosic materials such as cotton by cross-linking a polycarboxylic acid within the cellulosic fibers using a cyanamide compound cross-linker devoid of phosphorus. Wrinkle-resistant, durable cellulosic materials free from formaldehyde odor result.

Abstract: A process is provided in which manganese dioxide stains in denim fabric which has been partially decolorized with potassium permanganate are neutralized or removed by an aqueous solution of peracetic acid containing at least 1 part by weight acetic acid and 1.5 parts by weight hydrogen peroxide per part by weight peracetic acid.

Abstract: A non-caustic oven cleaner comprising a terpene is provided. The terpene is most preferably d-limonene. The oven cleaner further comprises effective amounts of a cleaning surfactant, a foaming agent, a stabilizer, a wetting agent and a viscosity agent. Said oven cleaner is produced by separately pre-mixing the oil phase components and the water phase components and then mixing the oil phase into the water phase. A method for safely cleaning oven residue is provided, comprising heating the oven, contacting the oven cleaner to the interior surfaces of the oven for a specified amount of time, and further rinsing said oven cleaner from the interior surfaces of the oven.

Abstract: New chloro-meta-phenylenediamines, their use as couplers in the oxidation dyeing of keratinous fibres, dyeing compositions for hair containing these compounds and dyeing process using the said compositions.The invention relates to the compounds of formula: ##STR1## in which Z and Z' denote, independently of one another, an alkyl radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a hydroxyalkyl radical having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, andR.sub.1 and R.sub.2 denote, independently of one another, a hydrogen atom, an alkyl radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a mono- or polyhydroxyalkyl radical having 2 or 3 carbon atoms, to their addition salts with an acid, and to their use by way of couplers for the oxidation dyeing of keratinous fibres, especially human hair.These compounds, when they are combined with paraphenylenediamines, surprisingly give beige to light brown hues or purple hues of greater of lesser redness, depending on the substitution of the 5-amino group of the chlorobenzene.