Abstract: A device for detecting the position of the side edge of a web comprising a light emitting source, and a lens for condensing light emitted from said light emitting source and forming a beam of light in the vicinity of a reference datum point set at the side edge of said web. An optical fiber transmits light corresponding to the brightness of three predetermined areas of the beam. A first area is located toward web side of the datum point; the second area is located on the opposite side of the datum point and at a position where the side edge of the web does not cross, and the third area is located at a position between the first two areas. A photoelectric converter circuit converts the light introduced by the optical fiber from each of the three areas into respective electric signals.

Abstract: Frequency stabilization of a beam type device is disclosed that is particry well suited for avoiding cavity phase shift problems. A beam generator provides a molecular or atomic beam that is directed through a pair of spaced and separate interaction regions to a detector. The two interaction regions, such as cavities, provide independent regions into which different signals are injected with the injected signals being derived from an oscillator such as a crystal oscillator. The signal coupled to the interaction regions may be varied according to a general equation. The first signal may also be coupled into one of the interaction regions at a frequency substantially the same as the resonance frequency of the particles in the beam directed through the cavity, while the signal coupled to the other cavity may be caused to vary above and below the resonance frequency.

Abstract: A voltage controlled oscillator includes three stages of CMOS inverters arranged in cascade connection. The output of the final stage inverter is connected to the input of the first stage inverter. A capacitor is connected between the input and output of any one of the inverters. The inverter with the capacitor connected thereto comprises two MOS FETs of opposite channel types and is connected in series between high and low voltage sources by control MOS FETs of the same channel types as the respective MOS FETs of the inverter. The gates of the control MOS FETs are connected to control terminals to govern the frequency of the oscillator and one additional fine tune MOS FET is connected across each of control MOS FETs to provide fine tuning of the oscillator.

Abstract: In a tunable UHF transistor oscillator with a frequency determining resonating LC circuit reduction of the harmonic to fundamental ratio is obtained through the use of an output circuit consisting of an output resistor connected in parallel with a resistor voltage divider a part of which is used as a damping resistor for a second controllable tuned circuit comprising an inductor with a larger inductance than that of the frequency determining circuit and the same capacitance and a non linear circuit between the control voltage source and the adjustable capacitor of said second circuit. The output is taken across the second tuned circuit. Coupling between the transistor and the frequency determining circuit is low.

Abstract: This invention deals with significant innovations on multiphase signal oscillators including quadrature oscillators for the use in frequency shifters, or sequential gating devices for special multichannel sound effects, or three-phase power sources or other electronic apparatus.

Abstract: In an oscillator of the type producing microwaves, millimeter waves and above, apparatus and a method for increasing the size, so that one or more active devices can be coupled to the oscillator, including a first cavity operating at a higher order mode, which cavity has an output coupled thereto for removing power, and a second cavity operating at a dominant mode and coupled to the first cavity, which second cavity assures efficient and spurious-free operation of the oscillator at the desired frequency.

Abstract: A crystal-controlled oscillator of integrated circuit design, comprising, a three-stage direct-coupled amplifier employing insulated gate field-effect-transistors and overall resistive negative (DC) feedback for bias stabilization thereof. The oscillator is designed to operate at a frequency at which the reactive network, including the inherent interelectrode capacitances of the field-effect-transistors, of the amplifier results in a loop phase shift which satisfies the Barkhausen Criterion.

Abstract: A surface-discharge igniter for a gas-turbine engine has a pellet of rod shape a part at least of the pellet surface being semiconductive so that when voltage is applied between electrodes connected at either end of the pellet it causes electrical discharge along its length. The pellet may, in one arrangement, be mounted to be a tight fit within the central-section of a key-hole bore which extends axially through a ceramic block within the igniter's outer metal shell. A strip of the pellet surface is exposed along the radially-divergent section or discharge cavity of the bore and discharge along the strip generates a plasma flame within the cavity that bursts forth through an aperture in the bottom electrode at the tip of the shell. In another arrangement the rod-pellet is mounted at the end of a mineral-insulated cable, coaxially within a cylindrical cavity. The pellet may alternatively be mounted to extend transversely of the igniter and to be exposed along its length at the operative tip of the igniter.

Abstract: An isolated signal conditioning circuit is provided whereby control or measurement circuitry is isolated from a load, such as a control instrument, through the use of optical isolation and a switching relay. Optical isolation is utilized to isolate the input signal produced by the control or measurement circuitry, from the load. The switching relay isolates a feedback circuit utilized to insure that the signal supplied to the load is an accurate representation of the input signal produced by the control or measurement circuitry.

Abstract: A linearizing circuit is described which gives a nonlinear relation between an input and an output signal of the circuit. Such a circuit can be used to compensate for the nonlinearity in, for example, a frequency modulator. The circuit includes a nonlinear element, preferably a PIN-diode connected in a voltage divider to provide a biasing current to the element. An attenuating and an amplifying circuit are connected to the input and to the output, respectively, of the circuit. By varying the values of the attenuation/amplification and the value of the operation point of the element, the nonlinearity of the circuit can be varied.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for demodulation of a phase shift keyed carrier in which a plurality of auxiliary signal frequency sources are provided and a substantially constant phase difference is maintained therebetween. Each auxiliary signal frequency is mixed with the modulated carrier and the mixer outputs are combined to form the product thereof to yield a control signal for regulating the auxiliary.The sum and differences of the mixer output may be formed prior to forming the product thereof.Input signals to the product forming circuit are amplitude limited to limit variation of the control signal r between -1 .ltoreq.r .ltoreq.+1.A filter may be employed to smooth the control voltage and may be incorporated with switching means to periodically interrupt the control signal to limit evaluation only during the established keying phase.

Abstract: A comparator-discriminator is provided, suitable for use with a phaselock control system of a frequency synthesizer, to permit automatic tuning of a variable oscillator to a selected frequency lying within a frequency band for which a phaselock may occur. This system permits the frequency of the variable oscillator to lock-on to an arbitrary value in the range other than the preselected value, at which time the phaselock is broken by an injected signal, thereby permitting the shifting of the oscillator frequency to a value lying closer to the selected frequency value. Upon achievement of phaselock to the selected frequency, in a slightly more elaborate embodiment, the injected signal is inhibited and no further breaking of phaselock can occur.

Abstract: A master timing generator capable of tracking an externally generated clock signal and of maintaining desired operation during periods of disruption or perturbation of the clock signal by noise or other high-energy disturbances. The master timing generator includes a voltage controlled oscillator controlled by an input dc control voltage to produce an output signal which is maintained in a particular phase relationship with the clock signal by phase lock loop circuitry coupled to the oscillator. A dc standby voltage signal representative of the value of the control voltage applied to the oscillator is retained during operation of the master timing generator in a standby unit which, in the absence of noise affecting the clock signal, is electrically uncoupled from the oscillator.

Abstract: In a typical phase-locked loop oscillator circuit including a voltage controlled oscillator and a reference frequency source, from each of which a signal is derived and the phases of these two signals are compared in a phase detector, the output of which is applied through a loop filter to a frequency modulation input of the voltage controlled oscillator, so that the frequency of the voltage controlled oscillator is precisely controlled by the reference frequency; an improvement which comprises a maximum permitted phase error between the two inputs to the phase detector, and a phase error corrector circuit which, in response to the presence of a maximum permitted phase error, will shift the phase of one of the two signals applied to the phase detector relative to the source of that signal, such as to hold the phase error into the phase detector within the permitted maximum.

Abstract: For a pair of detection signals derived by coherent quadrature detection from an amplitude-and-phase modulated signal, a demodulator comprises a pair of quantizer sections each of which produces a quantized signal serving as a part of a regenerated data signal, a quantization error signal, and a "first path" signal given by that portion of the quantized signal which indicates one and the other of the plus and the minus sides of the signal reference plane known in the art. The signals produced by the quantizer sections are used to control a voltage controlled oscillator for reproducing a carrier signal for use in the coherent detection. Each quantizer section may comprise at least one quantization circuit and at least one quantization error deriving subtractor. Alternatively, the quantization may be carried out in a space or a time division fashion.

Abstract: The disclosure describes an electro-optical tachometer assembly for use with a device having a movable part and a fixed part (for example, a motor, an electrophotographic system, etc). The electro-optical tachometer assembly comprises a movable assembly and a fixed assembly. The movable assembly includes a movable disk while the fixed assembly includes a fixed mask. A gap between the movable disk and the fixed mask is preset by a spacer assembly. The gap is maintained constant by a resilient member which loads the fixed assembly against the movable assembly.A light emitting diode (LED) phototransistor assembly is situated relative to the tachometer assembly and outputs electrical signals indicative of shaft speed, direction of shaft rotation, etc. Synchronization of the tachometer output to the shaft is accomplished by a guide pin arrangement.

Abstract: A low-Q mechanical resonator is operated in its series resonance mode in a circuit that includes an amplifier and voltage variable phase shifter. As the phase shift is varied, the resonator will shift its frequency to compensate the phase shift. The result is a voltage variable oscillator frequency. The low-Q resonator has a non-linear phase versus frequency characteristic so that frequency is not a linear function of control voltage. A plural emitter transistor is employed in one side of a differential control amplifier. The resulting non-linear transfer characteristic is used to compensate the non-linear oscillator characteristic so that the frequency versus control voltage is linear.

Abstract: A resistor is connected to the source of a C-MOS inverter included within a crystal oscillator circuit in order to reduce the power dissipation in the crystal oscillator circuit. A switching transistor is connected in parallel to said resistor, said switching transistor being responsive to an LED display switch for enabling LED display or an illumination lamp switch for illuminating a liquid crystal display. The switching transistor shunts the resistor in response to actuation of the LED display switch or the illumination lamp.

Abstract: A spark plug power enchancer for internal combustion engine comprises a secondary spark gap produced between spaced electrodes separated by a dielectric material formed of a sea shell.

Abstract: A modulation system which produces a modulated carrier having a number of central sideband pairs with power closely approximating the carrier power. A signal generator produces a sinusoidal reference voltage which is applied to a plurality of conditioning channels. Amplitude, phase and frequency conditioning means within the channels produce desired modulating signal components. The components are then synthesized in a power combiner and applied as the control voltage to phase/frequency modulation means to produce the desired modulated signal.